Questõesde UniCEUB sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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052e4148-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Consider an experiment by sociologist Devah Pager, who sent pairs of experimenters — one black and one white — to apply for 340 job ads in New York City. She gave them resumes altered to have identical qualifications. She gave them scripts so that the applicants said the same things when handing in their applications. She even dressed them alike. She found that black applicants got half the call backs that white applicants got with the same qualifications.
(Keith Payne. www.scientificamerican.com, 18.07.2019. Adaptado.)

The experiment results suggest the existence of

A
discrimination against unqualified people.
B
qualification disparities between applicants.
C
equal opportunity to black and white people.
D
race bias in the job market.
E
economic inequality due to merit.
05273ba8-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

De acordo com o último parágrafo, um argumento a favor da concepção científica da experiência fora do corpo é a

Leia o texto para responder à questao.

Is there a scientific explanation for
 out-of-body experiences?

     Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.
    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.
    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.
                            (Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)
A
condição saudável dos voluntários.
B
confusão decorrente da sensação flutuante.
C
mudança de perspectiva.
D
possibilidade de indução da experiência.
E
fortificação do sistema sensorial.
052b0c77-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Look at the pictures of the advertising campaign created by Fosbury&Brothers.


The purpose of the campaign is to show that smoking

A
reduces life expectancy.
B
keeps you from falling asleep.
C
is linked to several diseases.
D
affects your physical performance.
E
increases the risk of lung cancer.
051e3967-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O termo “however” torna explícita a relação entre o primeiro e segundo parágrafos e indica

Leia o texto para responder à questao.

Is there a scientific explanation for
 out-of-body experiences?

     Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.
    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.
    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.
                            (Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)
A
consequência.
B
alternativa.
C
condição.
D
reiteração.
E
contraste.
0524566a-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “could be a form of hallucination”, o termo sublinhado implica

Leia o texto para responder à questao.

Is there a scientific explanation for
 out-of-body experiences?

     Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.
    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.
    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.
                            (Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)
A
obrigação.
B
permissão.
C
possibilidade.
D
certeza.
E
habilidade.
051b5b66-da
UniCEUB 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text,

Leia o texto para responder à questao.

Is there a scientific explanation for
 out-of-body experiences?

     Imagine feeling as though you are floating above your body, looking down upon your physical self. Some argue that such out-of-body experiences (OBEs) prove that the conscious mind — or even the soul — can leave the body. Supporting this interpretation, people who have survived a near-death experience often recall experiencing this out-ofbody sensation — as if their spiritual essence had separated from their corporeal existence.
    However, the scientific explanation for OBEs is more terrestrial. Neuroscientists and psychologists believe it has to do with neural processes going wrong. In those who come close to death, such as cardiac arrest survivors, it is the lack of oxygen to the brain, and the release of certain neurochemicals triggered by trauma, that interferes with the sensory functions that support our usual feelings of embodiment. People’s recollections of seeing themselves from above — such as observing surgeons working on their body — could be a form of hallucination or false memory, as they try to make sense of their experiences.
    Researchers have induced out-of-body states in healthy volunteers simply by confusing their sensory systems. For instance, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm asked volunteers to wear goggles that showed the perspective of a camera placed behind them (so that they could see themselves from behind). When a researcher prodded the camera with a baton at the same time as prodding the person’s chest, the volunteer had the sensation that they were floating behind their physical body. The fact it is possible to induce an OBE argues against more mystical explanations.
                            (Christian Jarret. www.sciencefocus.com, 2019. Adaptado.)
A
science fails to offer a plausible explanation for out-of-body experience.
B
near-death experiences are unexplained spiritual incidents.
C
lack of oxygen to the brain is the leading cause of cardiac arrest.
D
out-of-body experiences can be associated with neural processes being confused.
E
studies prove that the conscious mind, or the soul, can leave the body.
7a0b0798-06
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word respectively.

                              Don’t Think Your Success Is A Matter of Luck

Richard Hamming argues a major roadblock is thinking your success will be mainly about luck. To do first rate work, you have to drop any modesty and say to yourself: “Yes, I would like to do something significant.” Pasteur said, “Luck favors the prepared mind.” The prepared mind will eventually find something important and then do it. One characteristic of great people is usually “when they were young they had independent thoughts and had the courage to pursue them.” He says: “Once you get your courage up and believe that you can do important problems, then you can.”                                                                                                 Psychology Today Magazine

A
never again / one single time
B
usually / recently
C
at some later time / as soon as
D
after a short time / present day
E
frequently / on one occasion
7915acd9-06
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text,

                              Don’t Think Your Success Is A Matter of Luck

Richard Hamming argues a major roadblock is thinking your success will be mainly about luck. To do first rate work, you have to drop any modesty and say to yourself: “Yes, I would like to do something significant.” Pasteur said, “Luck favors the prepared mind.” The prepared mind will eventually find something important and then do it. One characteristic of great people is usually “when they were young they had independent thoughts and had the courage to pursue them.” He says: “Once you get your courage up and believe that you can do important problems, then you can.”                                                                                                 Psychology Today Magazine

A
when people are young they have the courage to leave their independent thoughts.
B
when people believe that they cannot solve their problems, they will be successful.
C
when people want to do an excellent work they have to be modest.
D
people’ success is a matter of luck.
E
when people are young they have the courage to follow their independent ideas.
7afce257-06
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The phrase “to pursue them” refers to

                              Don’t Think Your Success Is A Matter of Luck

Richard Hamming argues a major roadblock is thinking your success will be mainly about luck. To do first rate work, you have to drop any modesty and say to yourself: “Yes, I would like to do something significant.” Pasteur said, “Luck favors the prepared mind.” The prepared mind will eventually find something important and then do it. One characteristic of great people is usually “when they were young they had independent thoughts and had the courage to pursue them.” He says: “Once you get your courage up and believe that you can do important problems, then you can.”                                                                                                 Psychology Today Magazine

A
great people
B
young people
C
prepared mind
D
independent thoughts
E
the courage
78219179-06
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is stated in the text that

                              Don’t Think Your Success Is A Matter of Luck

Richard Hamming argues a major roadblock is thinking your success will be mainly about luck. To do first rate work, you have to drop any modesty and say to yourself: “Yes, I would like to do something significant.” Pasteur said, “Luck favors the prepared mind.” The prepared mind will eventually find something important and then do it. One characteristic of great people is usually “when they were young they had independent thoughts and had the courage to pursue them.” He says: “Once you get your courage up and believe that you can do important problems, then you can.”                                                                                                 Psychology Today Magazine

A
when a lucky opportunity comes, prepared minds take advantage of it.
B
successful people depend on luck all time.
C
you do not have to be too proud or confident about yourself or your abilities.
D
roadblocks are the path to success.
E
you cannot be really first-rate at your work if you are unlucky.
0256b9e0-08
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Choose the words that best keep the meaning of the original sentence if they are substituted for the underlined words.


When I ..................... a long time, very patiently, without ..................... him lie down, I resolved to open a little — a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it — you cannot imagine how stealthily,
stealthily — until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and full upon the vulture eye.

                                                                                   Extracted from The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe
A
a common bright ray
B
a general shining ray
C
one and only clear ray
D
an ordinary unclear ray
E
a unique fairly dark ray
0067511f-08
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Choose the letter that best defines the phrase bygone times in the passage.

TEXT 2

                    Gabriel García Márquez was a Literary Giant
                               With a Passion for Journalism
                      By Karla Zabludovsky Friday, April 18,2014

      The late Gabriel García Márquez holds a special place in the hearts of journalists.
      Like Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Ernest Hemingway — or contemporaries like Pete Hamill and Tom Wolfe — García Márquez, a titan of 20th century literature, honed his writing skills as a reporter
before he became a celebrated novelist.
      Even as his literary star rose, García Márquez, known colloquially across Latin America as Gabo, spoke proudly, tenderly and frequently about journalism.
      “Those who are self-taught are avid and quick, and during those bygone times, we were that to a great extent in order to keep paving the way for the best profession in the world… as we ourselves called
it," said García Márquez during a speech about journalism at the 52nd Assembly of the Inter American Press Association in 1996.

                                                                                                                                             Newsweek Magazine
A
by the present time
B
occurring at this time
C
a period time in the past
D
a short time ago
E
most recent time
fe7b4b93-08
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is stated in the text that

TEXT 2

                    Gabriel García Márquez was a Literary Giant
                               With a Passion for Journalism
                      By Karla Zabludovsky Friday, April 18,2014

      The late Gabriel García Márquez holds a special place in the hearts of journalists.
      Like Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Ernest Hemingway — or contemporaries like Pete Hamill and Tom Wolfe — García Márquez, a titan of 20th century literature, honed his writing skills as a reporter
before he became a celebrated novelist.
      Even as his literary star rose, García Márquez, known colloquially across Latin America as Gabo, spoke proudly, tenderly and frequently about journalism.
      “Those who are self-taught are avid and quick, and during those bygone times, we were that to a great extent in order to keep paving the way for the best profession in the world… as we ourselves called
it," said García Márquez during a speech about journalism at the 52nd Assembly of the Inter American Press Association in 1996.

                                                                                                                                             Newsweek Magazine
A
although he had a special place in the hearts of journalists, he could never be one of them.
B
there was pride involved in speaking about being a novelist.
C
he was not successful in writing skills as a reporter before he became a novelist.
D
Gabo was Garcia-Marquez’s nickname across Latin America.
E
Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Ernest Hemingway were only novelists.
fc85d725-08
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It can be inferred from the passage that

TEXT 1

                             Brazil turns to drones to protect Amazon
                  By Joe Leahy in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. April 21,2014.

       Brazilian municipalities are turning to drones as they prepare to implement a tough new law designed to save the Amazon from total deforestation.
      Municipal authorities in the Amazon region, ...........1 ............. of which covers double the size of Scotland, are looking to use drones to map properties and monitor whether farmers and others are maintaining the minimum of forest cover required under the new forest code.
     “With the acquisition of a drone, we would have a better result, we would have a panoramic view of how this process of recuperation is progressing," said Gercilene Meira, a specialist with the state   environmental secretariat in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in Mato Grosso state. “We have done some tests using balloons but it was not sufficient."
      Passed in 2012, Brazil's forest code was hailed as a breakthrough in the country's efforts to protect the Amazon while maintaining its emergence as an agricultural power. It is already one of ...........2 ............. exporters of sugar, coffee, soya beans and beef.
      The law requires farmers in the Amazon to preserve up to 80 per cent of the forest on their land as well as protect springs and rivers. Those who violated previous restrictions on deforestation are required
to recuperate parts of the lost vegetation on their lands.
      The need for the new law was highlighted last year, when deforestation of the Amazon increased for the first time in several years.

                                                                                                                             Adapted from Financial Times
A
Brazilian municipalities are turning to drones since they cannot implement a new law to save the Amazon from deforestation.
B
specialists have done some tests using balloons and it was sufficient.
C
those who violated previous restrictions on deforestation are required to sell part of their lands.
D
the urgency for the new law was recommended last year, after the deforestation of the Amazon had already increased for several years.
E
the drones are taking flight to watch over the world’s largest remaining rainforest, the Brazilian Amazon.
fb8e9e8e-08
UniCEUB 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, which of the following is Not true?

TEXT 1

                             Brazil turns to drones to protect Amazon
                  By Joe Leahy in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. April 21,2014.

       Brazilian municipalities are turning to drones as they prepare to implement a tough new law designed to save the Amazon from total deforestation.
      Municipal authorities in the Amazon region, ...........1 ............. of which covers double the size of Scotland, are looking to use drones to map properties and monitor whether farmers and others are maintaining the minimum of forest cover required under the new forest code.
     “With the acquisition of a drone, we would have a better result, we would have a panoramic view of how this process of recuperation is progressing," said Gercilene Meira, a specialist with the state   environmental secretariat in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in Mato Grosso state. “We have done some tests using balloons but it was not sufficient."
      Passed in 2012, Brazil's forest code was hailed as a breakthrough in the country's efforts to protect the Amazon while maintaining its emergence as an agricultural power. It is already one of ...........2 ............. exporters of sugar, coffee, soya beans and beef.
      The law requires farmers in the Amazon to preserve up to 80 per cent of the forest on their land as well as protect springs and rivers. Those who violated previous restrictions on deforestation are required
to recuperate parts of the lost vegetation on their lands.
      The need for the new law was highlighted last year, when deforestation of the Amazon increased for the first time in several years.

                                                                                                                             Adapted from Financial Times
A
Brazil’s environmental authorities are deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, to monitor remote areas for deforestation.
B
They are looking to use drones to make a survey in properties and check if farmers and others are preserving the area according to the new code.
C
Brazil’s forest code was hailed as a step backward in the country’s attempts to protect the Amazon.
D
Brazil is the world’s leading exporter of soya beans, coffee and beef.
E
The law demands that growers, in the Amazon to preserve up to 80 per cent of the forest on their land and protect springs and rivers, too.