Questõesde FGV sobre Inglês

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8bdc1da1-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The American embassy escaped the blast in Beirut’s port unscathed. Many Western countries either have missions in the city centre or diplomats who live in the area. The wife of the Dutch ambassador was killed, as was a German diplomat. But America’s embassy sits in the mountain village of Awkar, five miles from the port. Security measures are onerous, a hangover from the bombing of the American embassy in Beirut in 1983, which killed 63 people. It took a week before the ambassador, Dorothy Shea, a career diplomat, toured the port. Even on social media it has been far quieter than other foreign powers.

(www.economist.com, 13.08.2020. Adapted.)

The descriptions in the paragraph

A
underscore the extent of the damage brought about by a bombing in Beirut last August.
B
display differences in approach between American diplomacy and other countries’ in the moments shortly following the explosion.
C
depict covert and behind-the-scenes divergences between the American and the Lebanese governments.
D
accuse the American government of omission for fear of a new threat against American citizens.
E
point out the low visibility of America’s diplomacy in the Beirut’s event due to both, the Embassy’s location and attitude.
8bd1b5ce-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

One problem concerning supply chains after the outbreak of Covid-19 relates to

Read the text to answer question.



     We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of circumstances. Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models.
(Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)
A
the way the pandemic has thoroughly affected supply businesses.
B
the resistance of top executives to redesign existing business paradigms in novel circumstances.
C
the long-term difficulty in establishing financial priorities in the supply chain business.
D
the instability of supply systems which still follow old business models.
E
the sophistication of supply chain processes, which renders innovation onerous.
8bd59955-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

In the fragment “and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months”, the underlined word introduces a

Read the text to answer question.



     We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of circumstances. Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models.
(Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)
A
contrast.
B
time relation.
C
purpose.
D
consequence.
E
justification.
8bd8a4f6-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Read the text and the graphs.

Bypassed by the rescue

In a pandemic that’s wreaked widespread economic havoc, Cleveland has been among the hardesthit cities in the U.S. And at a time when the U.S. is engaged in another conversation about its foundational racial inequalities, not much of Washington’ $2 trillion has reached Cleveland’s predominantly Black neighborhoods.



(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)

By comparing the text and the graphs it is possible to state that

A
the help provided by the government has amplified the percentage of American Black families who own their homes.
B
racial disparity in Cleveland was not narrowed over the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic.
C
the financial aid from Washington has mitigated long-standing racial imbalances in the country.
D
minority neighborhoods have been the least penalized of all in Cleveland.
E
the government should be made responsible for the high number of Covid-19 cases between Black Americans.
8bead87c-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint

Read the text to answer question.

     The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.
     Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
A
is inadequate because it does not capture all sides of the relation between population growth and environmental degradation.
B
has proved inefficient to properly relate world’s population and ecological damage during the present pandemic times.
C
has been wrongly used as the only explanation of causes for ecological breakdown.
D
has demonstrated that a 3% rise in the world population represents 1% of the responsibility for consumption growth.
E
is often too plainly interpreted as equating population growth with an equivalent increase in ecological damage and in consumption.
8bca2adf-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expressions from the first paragraph “could have been” and “would have had” help understand that, as to exclusively virtual instruction in U.S. universities and colleges,

Read the text to answer question.

         It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.
     The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
A
the government has backed down from its proposal to bar visas for foreign students.
B
the barrier against international students is still a possibility.
C
foreign students have no alternative but to transfer to a new school.
D
impeding foreign students to attend school in the U.S. will disrupt their lives.
E
the veto of the proposal resulted from coordinated action by colleges, states and the police.
8be741be-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text states that

Read the text to answer question.

     The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.
     Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)
A
population growth has proven to have overwhelming impact on environmental degradation.
B
population growth is the main determinant in consumption growth.
C
the wealthy should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
D
the poor should be most directly accountable for global ecological damage.
E
poor access to technology and other resources reduces environmental breakdown.
8bce6aa0-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression from the second paragraph “struck a nerve” means, in the context:

Read the text to answer question.

         It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.
     The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)
A
made the wrong decision.
B
triggered nervous breakdowns.
C
created an unmanageable situation.
D
provoked a student uprising.
E
stirred anger and outrage.
8bdf269d-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Pronome demonstrativo | Demonstrative pronoun, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns


(nytimes.com)

Shimmering white and gracefully statuesque, the Mount Washington Hotel is a granite fortress, a manmade anomaly among the raw wilderness of the surrounding White Mountains in remote northern New Hampshire, U.S. Even to this day, the hotel is geographically secured by 800,000 acres of the White Mountain National Forest around it. This was the main reason why the Hotel was chosen for a World War Two meeting – a meeting that shaped present-day global economic policies.

(Linda Laban. www.bbc.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)

The term “this”, which introduces the last sentence in the text, refers to the fact that the Mount Washington Hotel

A
diplays gracefulness and imponence.
B
served as home to a crucial World War meeting.
C
stands as strong as a granite fortress.
D
is isolated and nearly secret.
E
marvels visitors with its beautiful surrounding scenery
8bc70343-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the fragment “epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

Read the text to answer question.

The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
A
unfavorably.
B
unhopefully.
C
irresponsibly.
D
inadvertently.
E
dishonestly.
8bc01467-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Palavras conectivas | Connective words

In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

Read the text to answer question.

The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
A
For instance.
B
Accordingly.
C
Nevertheless.
D
Alternatively.
E
Furthermore.
8bc3fa56-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text,

Read the text to answer question.

The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
A
humans can be either victims or aggressors, depending on the virus we refer to.
B
viruses have always posed a threat, not only to humans but also to the megafauna.
C
the absolute silence of viruses contradicts their extensive destructive power.
D
pandemics have always existed despite human efforts throughout centuries to control them.
E
the settlement of new peoples in the Americas was favoured by the epidemics decimating native populations.
8bb088f2-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

. In the text the author expresses his opinion that

Read the text to answer question.

     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 
A
a number of indigenous communities round the world are losing their lands but, fortunately, not all of them.
B
it is improper for journalists to search for information that will conform to a narrative previously decided on.
C
it is a duty of journalism to take a stand against menaces to indigenous communities round the world.
D
the “disappearing tribe” narrative is powerful, but it can in fact harm rather than help the populations affected.
E
endangered native peoples should have all the right to protect themselves and their ancestral homelands.
8bbc69d8-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the context of the second paragraph, the expression “the allure of” means

Read the text to answer question.

     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 
A
the argument against.
B
the justification for.
C
the appeal to.
D
the motive for.
E
the longing for.
8bb7bbf6-05
FGV 2020 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment from the second paragraph “so we’re of the opinion that”, the underlined word refers to

Read the text to answer question.

     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.
     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 
A
the writers of the text.
B
journalists by and large.
C
the general public who watch the news about native populations.
D
people who do research on indigenous populations.
E
journalists worried about the potential loss of lands by their original inhabitants.
4ea78ba5-fd
FGV 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, in protests similar to the first “March of the Empty Pots and Pans,”


Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014.

A
leftist students, knowing they had the government’s support, inevitably showed up to attack the women taking part in the demonstrations.
B
Chile’s armed forces were sometimes brought out to make sure that no violence would take place.
C
men and women in equal numbers joined together to demonstrate against Salvador Allende’s government.
D
the demonstrators would sometimes accuse the military of actively promoting Salvador Allende’s socialist agenda.
E
the women participating demonstrated that they were dissatisfied not only with the government, but also, to a certain extent, with the armed forces.
4e9de396-fd
FGV 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to the “elderly, middle-class woman” mentioned in paragraph 3, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014.

A
She was an American intelligence official who had been sent to Chile to destabilize that country’s democratically elected government.
B
Though apparently a simple, inoffensive Chilean woman, she was in reality helping the CIA in its efforts against Salvador Allende’s government.
C
She fooled the author of the article into giving her money to organize a “small” street protest against Salvador Allende’s government.
D
The success of the street protest that she organized surprised her as much as it did the author of the article.
E
Her family had suffered greatly because of the activities of leftist radicals in Chile’s countryside.
4ea16ade-fd
FGV 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The “publicity nightmare” mentioned at the end of paragraph 3 most likely refers to the fact that


Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014.

A
housewives had publicly demonstrated against the disappearance of basic food and household items from Chile’s supermarkets.
B
students and housewives had joined together to commit acts of violence in a massive antigovernment street demonstration in Chile.
C
students in Chile had committed acts of violence against women engaged in a peaceful street demonstration.
D
Chile’s government had actively encouraged students to commit acts of violence against women protesters.
E
Chile’s government had tried to censure information about the violent middle-class opposition to Salvador Allende’s socialist policies.
4e9895ef-fd
FGV 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to to the Revolutionary Left Movement, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2014.

A
It tried to expel the Christian Democrats from Salvador Allende’s ruling coalition.
B
At times it acted in accordance with ideas favored by some members of Salvador Allende’s government.
C
As it constituted Chile’s most radical party, it tried to take control of Salvador Allende’s coalition government by force.
D
It often killed property owners in order to take their land.
E
It hoped to foment a nationwide socialist revolution through mass hunger and acts of terrorism.
4e897cba-fd
FGV 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to the future of printed books, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


Adapted from The New Yorker, July 29, 2013. 

A
Printed books will continue to be more popular than e-books, no matter how attractive ebooks become.
B
In a technologically advanced world, printed books will one day be irrelevant.
C
Even though bookstores will eventually disappear, printed books will continue to be sold through different means.
D
The inherent qualities of printed books mean that probably there will continue to be a place for them.
E
In the end, the book industry will be unable to escape the same destiny that nearly destroyed the music industry.