Questõesde UNIFESP 2021

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Foram encontradas 25 questões
d7b21665-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



A afirmação da figura que melhor dialoga com o conteúdo do último parágrafo do texto de Christian Jarrett é:

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
Listen to the other person so that you understand their point of view.
B
Remain calm and make sure to talk one at a time.
C
Come together with the person you are having conflict with.
D
Agree to come up with sensible solutions you both can accept.
E
Brainstorm solutions to resolve your conflict together.
d7ad1735-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is an explicit opinion by the author of the text:

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
“Decoupling” is better than “coupling” because more factors in a situation are considered.
B
Wider political and social factors have a decisive role in personal relationships
C
Respect and understanding is what can save us from all the difficulties we everyday face.
D
Life has changed to the worse, as people have become more and more rancorous.
E
People’s convictions tend to exert considerable influence on their appreciation of an issue.
d7a3be58-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The subtitle that most closely represents the content of the fifth and sixth paragraphs is:

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
Debating moral and social issues
B
The role of facts in disputes
C
Dealing with contradictory beliefs
D
Differences between facts and beliefs
E
Attaining attitude change
d7994fc4-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment from the fourth paragraph “Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors”, the underlined term refers most specifically to

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
contrasting ways.
B
wider political and social factors.
C
topics
D
terms
E
contentious issues
d7955363-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression “Before you know it” (3rd paragraph) can be correctly interpreted as

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
before you are told about it
B
as soon as you get to know it.
C
before you learn about it
D
earlier than you realize it
E
as long as you understand it.
d7a84ae7-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

No trecho do último parágrafo “we will all be inclined to be”, o termo sublinhado indica uma

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
decisão
B
necessidade
C
certeza
D
possibilidade
E
sugestão
d7902f92-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the fragment from the third paragraph “when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
indeed
B
lately
C
fortunately
D
in the present times.
E
most possibly.
d79ee807-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation”, o termo sublinhado introduz

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
uma explicação.
B
um exemplo
C
um contraste.
D
uma condição
E
uma consequência.
d786f0d6-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The first and second paragraphs mainly illustrate

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
the fact that life in the old days tended to be far easier and more amusing than it is in the current turbulent times.
B
the level of importance given, in the good old days, to debates about one’s favorite soccer team.
C
the ways in which rather unimportant divergences are handled today if compared to previous times.
D
the manner conflicts between friends can be dealt with, from an aggressive or a more easy-going perspective.
E
the contrasts between supporting a soccer team today, and in years past.
d78c0aef-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Os trechos “when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty” e “when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter”, no terceiro parágrafo,

    Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?

    How things have changed.

    Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.

1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’

    The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.

2.____________________

    Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.

    A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.

3. Just be nicer?

    Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.

(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
A
comparam comportamentos diversos frente a temas que são, por natureza, instigantes e contraditórios.
B
discutem os temas culturais que mais provocavam embates no momento de publicação do texto.
C
apresentam extremos de polarização que ultimamente têm gerado surpresa no autor do texto.
D
exemplificam a facilidade com que diferenças de opinião têm-se transformado em discórdia grave.
E
apontam para o perigo iminente de uma guerra cultural ou de uma convulsão social generalizada.
d77d8430-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Uso do ponto, do ponto de exclamação e do ponto de interrogação, Pontuação, Uso da Vírgula

O eu lírico recorre a um sinal de pontuação para indicar a supressão de um verbo em

Cruz na porta da tabacaria!
Quem morreu? O próprio Alves? Dou
Ao diabo o bem-’star que trazia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Quem era? Ora, era quem eu via.
Todos os dias o via. Estou
Agora sem essa monotonia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Ele era o dono da tabacaria.
Um ponto de referência de quem sou.
Eu passava ali de noite e de dia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Meu coração tem pouca alegria,
E isto diz que é morte aquilo onde estou.
Horror fechado da tabacaria!
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Mas ao menos a ele alguém o via,
Ele era fixo, eu, o que vou,
Se morrer, não falto, e ninguém diria:
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

(Obra poética, 1997.)
A
“Ao diabo o bem-’star que trazia.” (1a estrofe)
B
“Todos os dias o via. Estou” (2a estrofe)
C
Quem era? Ora, era quem eu via.” (2a estrofe)
D
“Se morrer, não falto, e ninguém diria:” (5a estrofe)
E
“Ele era fixo, eu, o que vou,” (5a estrofe)
d7821f8e-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Literatura - Naturalismo, Parnasianismo, Realismo, Escolas Literárias, Arcadismo, Romantismo

Este movimento surge como momento de negação profunda e revolucionária, porque visava a redefinir não só a atitude poética, mas o próprio lugar do homem no mundo e na sociedade. Concebe de maneira nova o papel do artista e o sentido da obra de arte, pretendendo liquidar a convenção universalista dos herdeiros de Grécia e Roma em benefício de um sentimento novo, embebido de inspirações locais, procurando o único em lugar do perene.

(Antonio Candido. Formação da literatura brasileira, 2013. Adaptado.)

O texto refere-se ao movimento

A
realista
B
romântico
C
árcade
D
naturalista
E
parnasiano
d779432c-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Termos integrantes da oração: Objeto direto, Objeto indireto, Complemento nominal, Agente da Passiva, Sintaxe

Sempre que haja necessidade expressiva de reforço, de ênfase, pode o objeto direto vir repetido. Essa reiteração recebe o nome de objeto direto pleonástico.

(Adriano da Gama Kury. Novas lições de análise sintática, 1997. Adaptado.)

O eu lírico lança mão desse recurso expressivo no verso

Cruz na porta da tabacaria!
Quem morreu? O próprio Alves? Dou
Ao diabo o bem-’star que trazia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Quem era? Ora, era quem eu via.
Todos os dias o via. Estou
Agora sem essa monotonia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Ele era o dono da tabacaria.
Um ponto de referência de quem sou.
Eu passava ali de noite e de dia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Meu coração tem pouca alegria,
E isto diz que é morte aquilo onde estou.
Horror fechado da tabacaria!
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Mas ao menos a ele alguém o via,
Ele era fixo, eu, o que vou,
Se morrer, não falto, e ninguém diria:
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

(Obra poética, 1997.)
A
“Todos os dias o via. Estou” (2a estrofe)
B
“E isto diz que é morte aquilo onde estou.” (4a estrofe)
C
“Ele era fixo, eu, o que vou,” (5a estrofe)
D
“Mas ao menos a ele alguém o via,” (5a estrofe)
E
“Ao diabo o bem-’star que trazia.” (1a estrofe)
d75ee257-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Funções morfossintáticas da palavra SE

A palavra sublinhada em “Se o tempo é sempre escasso, se despertamos diariamente” (3o parágrafo) pertence à mesma classe gramatical da palavra sublinhada em

    A palavra sonho, do latim somnium, significa muitas coisas diferentes, todas vivenciadas durante a vigília, e não durante o sono. Realizei “o sonho da minha vida”, “meu sonho de consumo” são frases usadas cotidianamente pelas pessoas para dizer que pretendem ou conseguiram alcançar algo. Todo mundo tem um sonho, no sentido de plano futuro. Todo mundo deseja algo que não tem. Por que será que o sonho, fenômeno normalmente noturno que tanto pode evocar o prazer quanto o medo, é justamente a palavra usada para designar tudo aquilo que se quer ter?
    
    O repertório publicitário contemporâneo não tem dúvidas de que o sonho é a força motriz de nossos comportamentos. Desejo é o sinônimo mais preciso da palavra “sonho”. [...] Na área de desembarque de um aeroporto nos Estados Unidos, uma foto enorme de um casal belo e sorridente, velejando num mar caribenho em dia ensolarado, sob a frase enigmática: “Aonde seus sonhos o levarão?”, embaixo o logotipo da empresa de cartão de crédito. Deduz-se do anúncio que os sonhos são como veleiros, capazes de levar-nos a lugares idílicos, perfeitos, altamente… desejáveis. As equações “sonho é igual a desejo que é igual a dinheiro” têm como variável oculta a liberdade de ir, ser e principalmente ter, liberdade que até os mais miseráveis podem experimentar no mundo de regras frouxas do sonho noturno, mas que no sonho diurno é privilégio apenas dos detentores de um mágico cartão plástico.

    A rotina do trabalho diário e a falta de tempo para dormir e sonhar, que acometem a maioria dos trabalhadores, são cruciais para o mal-estar da civilização contemporânea. É gritante o contraste entre a relevância motivacional do sonho e sua banalização no mundo industrial globalizado. [...] A indústria da saúde do sono, um setor que cresce aceleradamente, tem valor estimado entre 30 bilhões e 40 bilhões de dólares. Mesmo assim a insônia impera. Se o tempo é sempre escasso, se despertamos diariamente com o toque insistente do despertador, ainda sonolentos e já atrasados para cumprir compromissos que se renovam ao infinito, se tão poucos se lembram que sonham pela simples falta de oportunidade de contemplar a vida interior, quando a insônia grassa e o bocejo se impõe, chega-se a duvidar da sobrevivência do sonho.

    E, no entanto, sonha-se. Sonha-se muito e a granel, sonha-se sofregamente apesar das luzes e dos ruídos da cidade, da incessante faina da vida e da tristeza das perspectivas. Dirá a formiga cética que quem sonha assim tão livre é o artista, cigarra de fábula que vive de brisa. [...] Na peça teatral A vida é sonho, o espanhol Pedro Calderón de la Barca dramatizou a liberdade de construir o próprio destino. O sonho é a imaginação sem freio nem controle, solta para temer, criar, perder e achar.

(O oráculo da noite: a história e a ciência do sonho, 2019.)
A
“sonha-se sofregamente apesar das luzes e dos ruídos da cidade” (4° parágrafo).
B
se tão poucos se lembram que sonham” (3° parágrafo)
C
“quando a insônia grassa e o bocejo se impõe” (3° parágrafo)
D
“chega-se a duvidar da sobrevivência do sonho” (3° parágrafo).
E
“compromissos que se renovam ao infinito” (3° parágrafo).
d7633ec1-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Morfologia - Verbos, Flexão de voz (ativa, passiva, reflexiva)

Pode ser reescrito na voz passiva o seguinte trecho do texto:

    A palavra sonho, do latim somnium, significa muitas coisas diferentes, todas vivenciadas durante a vigília, e não durante o sono. Realizei “o sonho da minha vida”, “meu sonho de consumo” são frases usadas cotidianamente pelas pessoas para dizer que pretendem ou conseguiram alcançar algo. Todo mundo tem um sonho, no sentido de plano futuro. Todo mundo deseja algo que não tem. Por que será que o sonho, fenômeno normalmente noturno que tanto pode evocar o prazer quanto o medo, é justamente a palavra usada para designar tudo aquilo que se quer ter?
    
    O repertório publicitário contemporâneo não tem dúvidas de que o sonho é a força motriz de nossos comportamentos. Desejo é o sinônimo mais preciso da palavra “sonho”. [...] Na área de desembarque de um aeroporto nos Estados Unidos, uma foto enorme de um casal belo e sorridente, velejando num mar caribenho em dia ensolarado, sob a frase enigmática: “Aonde seus sonhos o levarão?”, embaixo o logotipo da empresa de cartão de crédito. Deduz-se do anúncio que os sonhos são como veleiros, capazes de levar-nos a lugares idílicos, perfeitos, altamente… desejáveis. As equações “sonho é igual a desejo que é igual a dinheiro” têm como variável oculta a liberdade de ir, ser e principalmente ter, liberdade que até os mais miseráveis podem experimentar no mundo de regras frouxas do sonho noturno, mas que no sonho diurno é privilégio apenas dos detentores de um mágico cartão plástico.

    A rotina do trabalho diário e a falta de tempo para dormir e sonhar, que acometem a maioria dos trabalhadores, são cruciais para o mal-estar da civilização contemporânea. É gritante o contraste entre a relevância motivacional do sonho e sua banalização no mundo industrial globalizado. [...] A indústria da saúde do sono, um setor que cresce aceleradamente, tem valor estimado entre 30 bilhões e 40 bilhões de dólares. Mesmo assim a insônia impera. Se o tempo é sempre escasso, se despertamos diariamente com o toque insistente do despertador, ainda sonolentos e já atrasados para cumprir compromissos que se renovam ao infinito, se tão poucos se lembram que sonham pela simples falta de oportunidade de contemplar a vida interior, quando a insônia grassa e o bocejo se impõe, chega-se a duvidar da sobrevivência do sonho.

    E, no entanto, sonha-se. Sonha-se muito e a granel, sonha-se sofregamente apesar das luzes e dos ruídos da cidade, da incessante faina da vida e da tristeza das perspectivas. Dirá a formiga cética que quem sonha assim tão livre é o artista, cigarra de fábula que vive de brisa. [...] Na peça teatral A vida é sonho, o espanhol Pedro Calderón de la Barca dramatizou a liberdade de construir o próprio destino. O sonho é a imaginação sem freio nem controle, solta para temer, criar, perder e achar.

(O oráculo da noite: a história e a ciência do sonho, 2019.)
A
“Pedro Calderón de la Barca dramatizou a liberdade de construir o próprio destino” (4o parágrafo).
B
“É gritante o contraste entre a relevância motivacional do sonho e sua banalização no mundo industrial globalizado” (3o parágrafo).
C
“O sonho é a imaginação sem freio nem controle, solta para temer, criar, perder e achar” (4o parágrafo).
D
“Mesmo assim a insônia impera” (3o parágrafo).
E
“Desejo é o sinônimo mais preciso da palavra ‘sonho’” (2o parágrafo).
d7687f18-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Figuras de Linguagem

Examine o cartum de Quino.



Contribui para o efeito de humor do cartum o recurso

A
à antítese.
B
ao eufemismo
C
à personificação
D
à hipérbole
E
ao paradoxo.
d76cbf73-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

No poema, o eu lírico sente-se

Cruz na porta da tabacaria!
Quem morreu? O próprio Alves? Dou
Ao diabo o bem-’star que trazia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Quem era? Ora, era quem eu via.
Todos os dias o via. Estou
Agora sem essa monotonia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Ele era o dono da tabacaria.
Um ponto de referência de quem sou.
Eu passava ali de noite e de dia.
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Meu coração tem pouca alegria,
E isto diz que é morte aquilo onde estou.
Horror fechado da tabacaria!
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

Mas ao menos a ele alguém o via,
Ele era fixo, eu, o que vou,
Se morrer, não falto, e ninguém diria:
Desde ontem a cidade mudou.

(Obra poética, 1997.)
A
desorientado e melancólico.
B
desamparado e entediado.
C
nostálgico e orgulhoso.
D
perplexo e eufórico.
E
aliviado e resignado
d75a5981-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Uso dos conectivos, Análise sintática, Sintaxe

Mesmo assim a insônia impera.” (3o parágrafo)

No contexto em que se encontra, a expressão sublinhada exprime ideia de

    A palavra sonho, do latim somnium, significa muitas coisas diferentes, todas vivenciadas durante a vigília, e não durante o sono. Realizei “o sonho da minha vida”, “meu sonho de consumo” são frases usadas cotidianamente pelas pessoas para dizer que pretendem ou conseguiram alcançar algo. Todo mundo tem um sonho, no sentido de plano futuro. Todo mundo deseja algo que não tem. Por que será que o sonho, fenômeno normalmente noturno que tanto pode evocar o prazer quanto o medo, é justamente a palavra usada para designar tudo aquilo que se quer ter?
    
    O repertório publicitário contemporâneo não tem dúvidas de que o sonho é a força motriz de nossos comportamentos. Desejo é o sinônimo mais preciso da palavra “sonho”. [...] Na área de desembarque de um aeroporto nos Estados Unidos, uma foto enorme de um casal belo e sorridente, velejando num mar caribenho em dia ensolarado, sob a frase enigmática: “Aonde seus sonhos o levarão?”, embaixo o logotipo da empresa de cartão de crédito. Deduz-se do anúncio que os sonhos são como veleiros, capazes de levar-nos a lugares idílicos, perfeitos, altamente… desejáveis. As equações “sonho é igual a desejo que é igual a dinheiro” têm como variável oculta a liberdade de ir, ser e principalmente ter, liberdade que até os mais miseráveis podem experimentar no mundo de regras frouxas do sonho noturno, mas que no sonho diurno é privilégio apenas dos detentores de um mágico cartão plástico.

    A rotina do trabalho diário e a falta de tempo para dormir e sonhar, que acometem a maioria dos trabalhadores, são cruciais para o mal-estar da civilização contemporânea. É gritante o contraste entre a relevância motivacional do sonho e sua banalização no mundo industrial globalizado. [...] A indústria da saúde do sono, um setor que cresce aceleradamente, tem valor estimado entre 30 bilhões e 40 bilhões de dólares. Mesmo assim a insônia impera. Se o tempo é sempre escasso, se despertamos diariamente com o toque insistente do despertador, ainda sonolentos e já atrasados para cumprir compromissos que se renovam ao infinito, se tão poucos se lembram que sonham pela simples falta de oportunidade de contemplar a vida interior, quando a insônia grassa e o bocejo se impõe, chega-se a duvidar da sobrevivência do sonho.

    E, no entanto, sonha-se. Sonha-se muito e a granel, sonha-se sofregamente apesar das luzes e dos ruídos da cidade, da incessante faina da vida e da tristeza das perspectivas. Dirá a formiga cética que quem sonha assim tão livre é o artista, cigarra de fábula que vive de brisa. [...] Na peça teatral A vida é sonho, o espanhol Pedro Calderón de la Barca dramatizou a liberdade de construir o próprio destino. O sonho é a imaginação sem freio nem controle, solta para temer, criar, perder e achar.

(O oráculo da noite: a história e a ciência do sonho, 2019.)
A
causa
B
condição
C
oposição
D
conclusão
E
consequência
d755f4fe-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

De acordo com o texto,

    A palavra sonho, do latim somnium, significa muitas coisas diferentes, todas vivenciadas durante a vigília, e não durante o sono. Realizei “o sonho da minha vida”, “meu sonho de consumo” são frases usadas cotidianamente pelas pessoas para dizer que pretendem ou conseguiram alcançar algo. Todo mundo tem um sonho, no sentido de plano futuro. Todo mundo deseja algo que não tem. Por que será que o sonho, fenômeno normalmente noturno que tanto pode evocar o prazer quanto o medo, é justamente a palavra usada para designar tudo aquilo que se quer ter?
    
    O repertório publicitário contemporâneo não tem dúvidas de que o sonho é a força motriz de nossos comportamentos. Desejo é o sinônimo mais preciso da palavra “sonho”. [...] Na área de desembarque de um aeroporto nos Estados Unidos, uma foto enorme de um casal belo e sorridente, velejando num mar caribenho em dia ensolarado, sob a frase enigmática: “Aonde seus sonhos o levarão?”, embaixo o logotipo da empresa de cartão de crédito. Deduz-se do anúncio que os sonhos são como veleiros, capazes de levar-nos a lugares idílicos, perfeitos, altamente… desejáveis. As equações “sonho é igual a desejo que é igual a dinheiro” têm como variável oculta a liberdade de ir, ser e principalmente ter, liberdade que até os mais miseráveis podem experimentar no mundo de regras frouxas do sonho noturno, mas que no sonho diurno é privilégio apenas dos detentores de um mágico cartão plástico.

    A rotina do trabalho diário e a falta de tempo para dormir e sonhar, que acometem a maioria dos trabalhadores, são cruciais para o mal-estar da civilização contemporânea. É gritante o contraste entre a relevância motivacional do sonho e sua banalização no mundo industrial globalizado. [...] A indústria da saúde do sono, um setor que cresce aceleradamente, tem valor estimado entre 30 bilhões e 40 bilhões de dólares. Mesmo assim a insônia impera. Se o tempo é sempre escasso, se despertamos diariamente com o toque insistente do despertador, ainda sonolentos e já atrasados para cumprir compromissos que se renovam ao infinito, se tão poucos se lembram que sonham pela simples falta de oportunidade de contemplar a vida interior, quando a insônia grassa e o bocejo se impõe, chega-se a duvidar da sobrevivência do sonho.

    E, no entanto, sonha-se. Sonha-se muito e a granel, sonha-se sofregamente apesar das luzes e dos ruídos da cidade, da incessante faina da vida e da tristeza das perspectivas. Dirá a formiga cética que quem sonha assim tão livre é o artista, cigarra de fábula que vive de brisa. [...] Na peça teatral A vida é sonho, o espanhol Pedro Calderón de la Barca dramatizou a liberdade de construir o próprio destino. O sonho é a imaginação sem freio nem controle, solta para temer, criar, perder e achar.

(O oráculo da noite: a história e a ciência do sonho, 2019.)
A
o mal-estar que acomete a civilização contemporânea está intimamente ligado à extinção do sonho no mundo industrial.
B
o entendimento da dinâmica do mundo industrial atual implica a compreensão de que a natureza dos sonhos também se transforma historicamente.
C
a banalização do sonho mostra-se intimamente relacionada à dinâmica acelerada do mundo industrial contemporâneo
D
o ritmo acelerado do mundo industrial contemporâneo impossibilita a contemplação da vida interior pela via do sonho.
E
a interrupção da dinâmica perversa do mundo globalizado implica o reconhecimento de que os sonhos acabaram por se tornar irrelevantes.
d7510497-72
UNIFESP 2021 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Tipos de Discurso: Direto, Indireto e Indireto Livre

“— Agora você vai me contar uma história de amor — disse o rapaz à moça. — Quero ouvir uma história de amor em que entrem caravelas, pedras preciosas e satélites artificiais.” (1o parágrafo)

Ao se transpor esse trecho para o discurso indireto, os termos sublinhados assumem, respectivamente, as seguintes formas:

O entendimento dos contos

    — Agora você vai me contar uma história de amor — disse o rapaz à moça. — Quero ouvir uma história de amor em que entrem caravelas, pedras preciosas e satélites artificiais.

    — Pois não — respondeu a moça, que acabara de concluir o mestrado de contador de histórias, e estava com a imaginação na ponta da língua. — Era uma vez um país onde só havia água, eram águas e mais águas, e o governo como tudo mais se fazia em embarcações atracadas ou em movimento, conforme o tempo. Osmundo mantinha uma grande indústria de barcos, mas não era feliz, porque Sertória, objeto dos seus sonhos, se recusava a casar com ele. Osmundo ofereceu-lhe um belo navio embandeirado, que ela recusou. Só aceitaria uma frota de dez caravelas, para si e para seus familiares.

    Ora, ninguém sabia fazer caravelas, era um tipo de embarcação há muito fora de uso. Osmundo apresentou um mau produto, que Sertória não aceitou, enumerando os defeitos, a começar pelas velas latinas, que de latinas não tinham um centavo. Osmundo, desesperado, pensou em afogar-se, o que fez sem êxito, pois desceu no fundo das águas e lá encontrou um cofre cheio de esmeraldas, topázios, rubis, diamantes e o mais que você imagina. Voltou à tona para oferecê-lo à rígida Sertória, que virou o rosto. Nada a fazer, pensou Osmundo; vou transformar-me em satélite artificial. Mas os satélites artificiais ainda não tinham sido inventados. Continuou humilde satélite de Sertória, que ultimamente passeava de uma lancha para outra, levando-o preso a um cordão de seda, com a inscrição “Amor imortal”. Acabou.

    — Mas que significa isso? — perguntou o moço, insatisfeito. — Não entendi nada.

    — Nem eu — respondeu a moça —, mas os contos devem ser contados, e não entendidos; exatamente como a vida.

(Contos plausíveis, 2012.)
A
“quis” e “entravam”.
B
“queria” e “entravam”.
C
“quis” e “entrassem”.
D
“queria” e “entrassem”
E
“quisera” e “entraram”.