Questõessobre Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

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FGV 2016 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the excerpt of the sixth paragraph “However, there are signs things are being turned around” the word in bold can be replaced, without meaning change, by

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro


    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

A
Nevertheless.
B
Inasmuch.
C
Unless.
D
Furthermore.
E
Throughout.
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FGV 2016 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the excerpt of the first paragraph “While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group”, the word in bold can be correctly replaced by

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro


    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

A
Although.
B
Whenever.
C
Likewise.
D
Unless.
E
Therefore.
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IF-GO 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

About the fragment “more than six in 10 also said the United States had not completed its mission in Afghanistan”, in the last paragraph, it is incorrect to affirm that:

Read text 2 to answer question.


Text 2

For Obama, Big Rise in Poll Numbers After Bin Laden Raid 

    Support for President Obama has risen sharply following the killing of Osama bin Laden by American military forces in Pakistan. Support for the president rose significantly among both Republicans and independents.

    Among independents, his approval rating increased 11 points from last month, to 52 percent, while among Republicans it rose 15 points, to 24 percent. Among Democrats, 86 percent supported his job performance, compared with 79 percent in April.

    In all, 57 percent said they now approved of the president’s job performance, up from 46 percent last month. More than six in 10 Americans said that killing Bin Laden was likely to increase the threat of terrorism against the United States in the short term. Nearly half said the nation should decrease troop levels in Afghanistan, but more than six in 10 also said the United States had not completed its mission in Afghanistan.

Adapted from: The New York Times. Available in http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/us/politics/05poll.html ?hp. Access on: May 04, 2011. 

A
the expression “more than” indicates an inexact quantity.
B
the expression “six in 10” indicates a proportion.
C
the word “also” expresses an idea of addition.
D
the pronoun “its” refers to the United States.
E
the verbs “had” and “completed” have different subjects.
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IF-GO 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

About the sentence “He’s going to the wildest, most magical place on Earth… home.”, it is incorrect to affirm that:

Read text 3 to answer question. 


Text 3  

Available in: http://rio.movie-trailer.com/2010/05/riomovie-poster.html. Access on: May 02, 2011. 

A
the pronoun “he” is the subject of the sentence.
B
the form “he’s” is a contraction of “he is”.
C
the suffix –ing in “going” indicates the verb is in the past.
D
the suffix –est in the word “wildest” has the same function as the word “most” in “most magical”.
E
the word “most” indicates a superlative form of the adjective “magical”.
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IF-GO 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence “Consider him gone.”, at the bottom of the second picture:

Read text 1 to answer question.


Text 1  

Newsweek. Available in http://www.newsweek.com/photo/2008/12/18/cartoonsnewsweeks-best-of-2008.html. Access on: May 03, 2011. 

A
is a reply to the man’s statement in the previous picture.
B
does not refer to the polar bear.
C
is about the man in the previous picture.
D
was spoken by the woman.
E
cannot be considered a sentence.
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IF-GO 2012 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

About the sentence “help build more facilities adapted for disabled people”, it is correct to affirm that

Read text 03 to answer question.

Text 03 

1

A
the words “help” and “facilities” are false cognates.
B
the word “disabled” refers to “facilities”.
C
the word “adapted” is a cognate.
D
the prefix “di-” in the word “disabled” expresses the idea of two.
E
the word “build” is the subject of the sentence.
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IF-GO 2012 - Inglês - Prefixos e sufixos | Prefixes and suffixes, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

About the first sentence, it is correct to affirm that

Read text 01 to answer question

Text 01


A
the prefix “i-“ expresses the same idea in the words “illegal” and “immigrant”.
B
the prefix “re-” expresses the idea of “again” in the word “reclaim”.
C
the expression “It’s” is a contraction of “it has”.
D
there is only one verb.
E
the words “to” and “from” are adverbs.
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IF-RR 2016 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Pronomes | Pronouns

O pronome THEIR destacado no terceiro parágrafo refere-se a:

Facebook and Google Are Going To War Against Hate Speech
Offending posts will be deleted within 24 hours

   Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Microsoft have agreed to work with European officials to crack down on hateful speech published on their respective platforms. Each company has agreed to review potentially problematic posts and remove offending content within 24 hours. 
   “The recent terror attacks have reminded us of the urgent need to address illegal online hate speech,” Vĕra Jourová, EU Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality, said in a joint statement from the European Commission and the participating companies. “Social media is unfortunately one of the tools that terrorist groups use to radicalize young people and racist use to spread violence and hatred.”
     The new partnership comes after Facebook, Twitter, and Google agreed to erase hate speech from their platforms within 24 hours in Germany, an attempt to address racism following the refugee crisis. That agreement, which Reuters reported last year, also made it easier for individual users to report hateful speech.
     Under the new code of conduct, technology companies will have clear rules in place for reviewing content that may be deemed malicious or hateful. The document also says the companies should be responsible for educating their users on the types of content that are disallowed.
      Tech companies assure that the recently announced code of conduct won’t interfere with freedom of speech. “We remain committed to letting the Tweets flow,” Karen White, Twitter’s head of public policy for Europe, said in the statement. “However, there is a clear distinction between freedom of expression and conduct that incites violence and hate.”
(Time Magazine, May 31, 2016)

Glossary: hate speech – discurso de ódio; to agree: concordar; to erase: apagar; partnership – parceria. 
A
Platforms
B
Facebook, Twitter and Google
C
24 hours
D
Refugee crisis
E
New partnership
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IF-GO 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

The figure of speech in which an animal, object, or idea is given the characteristics of a person, as we see in the poem, is:

The Wind
James Stephens

The wind stood up, and gave a shout:
He whistled on his fingers, and

Kicked the withered leaves about,
And thumped the branches with his hand,

And said he'd kill, and kill, and kill:
And so he will! And so he will! 

A
Methafore
B
Onomatopoeia
C
Antitype
D
Prosopopoeia
E
Antithesis
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IF-GO 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Adjetivos | Adjectives, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The words in “The Wind” that give human qualities to the wind are:

The Wind
James Stephens

The wind stood up, and gave a shout:
He whistled on his fingers, and

Kicked the withered leaves about,
And thumped the branches with his hand,

And said he'd kill, and kill, and kill:
And so he will! And so he will! 

A
whistled, kicked, withered.
B
withered, branches, hand.
C
whistled, said, fingers.
D
said, stood up, branches.
E
stood up, withered, leaves.
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UEFS 2011 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

“If there’s anyone in this world I do trust, it’s my mother!” (6th picture)

The verb do in this sentence is being used


SCHULZ. Peanuts. Speak up. São Paulo: Peixes, 2006. p. 49.

A
as a main verb.
B
as an ordinary transitive verb.
C
as an ordinary intransitive verb.
D
to avoid repeating the main verb.
E
to emphasize the meaning of a positive statement.
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UEFS 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:

TEXTO: Germany to invest in more electric cars


EVANS, Stephen. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2011/05/110518_witn_electric_cars_page.shtml>. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2011.
A
The verb form “has approved” (l. 1) describes an action disconnected from the present time.
B
The relative pronoun “which” (l. 8) can be correctly replaced by that.
C
The possessive pronoun “its” (l. 10) refers to “Japan” (l. 11).
D
The word “like” (l. 11) is functioning as a verb.
E
The modal “may” (l. 12) expresses necessity.
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UEFS 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:


OXENDEN, Clive; LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina American English File, MultiPack 4A, 2010. p.51

A
The verb form “heard” (l. 2) is in the Past Participle).
B
The expression “right away” (l. 15) is the same as immediately.
C
The word “daily” (l. 16) is functioning as an adverb.
D
The word “neighborhood” (l. 20) is formed by adding a prefix.
E
The verb form “had not been” (l. 28) is in the passive voice.
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IF-GO 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Mark the correct alternative.

Text 3


What is a Computer?


           Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has idea about what a computer is. We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we know how to use one or not. But does everyone really know how a computer works inside?

       A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the results of the processing as information. There are three basic steps in the computing process. The first one is input, which consists of feeding data into the computer’s memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and the computer processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third and final step is the output furnished by the computer, which allows the user to see the results either in printed form or on the screen.

         The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English words such as software and hardware are used worldwide and have been borrowed by many different languages. Software is information in the form of data and programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system.

         Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to believe that everybody in the world is computerliterate, i.e., is familiar with computers and knows how to use them properly. In some contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know or do not care about what a computer is.


Inglês.com.textos para informática, p. 25, 2001

A
The sentence “We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives” (lines 3and 4) is in the present continuous.
B
“The first” (line 10), “then” (line 12) and “the third and final” (line 15) are not connectors, and so they do not make connections with previously used words.
C
“Input, “processing” and “output” compose the three basic processes of a computer.
D
“Software” and “hardware” are words used only in the United Sates.
E
In the sentence “Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies” (lines 27 and 28), the word “despite” means “embora”, in Portuguese.
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IF-GO 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Analyze the following statements:


I. “Catapulted from” (line 2) can be understood as “saiu de”.

II. The sentence “Paul has died” (line 3) is in the simple past.

III. In the expressions “Sea Life Center” (line 5 and 6) and “Germany's World Cup matches” (lines 7 and 8), the expressions “Sea Life” and “Germany’s World Cup” are modifiers.

IV. The words “inevitably” and “correctly” are formed by the suffix –ly, and are adjectives.



Mark the correct alternative:

Text 1


NEWSWEEK Remembers Paul the Octopus


      Less than six months ago, Paul the Octopus catapulted from a life of obscurity to worldwide fame. Now, Paul has died, at the ripe old octopus age of two.

      A common octopus living at the Sea Life Center in Oberhausen, Germany, Paul was able to correctly predict the winner of all Germany's World Cup matches. Prior to the matches, Paul was given two boxes of food, identical except for the flags of the competing teams. The team represented on the box Paul chose to eat from inevitably won the match. His picking prowess made him an international star.

       Here at NEWSWEEK, we were just as taken with Paul as was the rest of the news media, and in an attempt to get inside his cephalopodial head, we sought out prestigious pet psychic Catherine Ferguson. In honor of Paul, we present that video yet again. Rest in peace, Paul the Octopus.


Newsweek, October 28th, 2010 

A
Only statements II and IV.
B
Only statement II.
C
Only statements I, II and III.
D
Only statement III and IV.
E
Only statement I and III.
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IF-GO 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Palavras conectivas | Connective words, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions, Tradução | Translation

According to the text, it is correct to say about the linking words “and” (line 5), “because of” (line 1), “when” (line 2) and “but” (line 3), that they respectively:

Text 2

       Because of the bright lights of the modern cities, when we look up at the sky we can see no more than 100 stars. But from dark parts of the Earth, the naked eye can see more than 5,000! And modern telescopes tell a very different story.

         With the help of some of the world’s most powerful instruments to measure the brightness of all the galaxies in one sector of the cosmos, Australian astronomers say it is probable that there are 70 sextillion stars in the visible Universe. In other words and numbers, seven followed by 22 zeroes, a really astronomical figure.

       That is more than the total number of grains of sand in all the world’s beaches and deserts, and that is only the visible Universe within range of our telescopes.

       Dr. Simon Driver, of the Australian National University, has a theory that some of them probably have life. Dr. Driver’s theory is not exactly new, and those planets are so distant, he says, that there is no real possibility for us to see or contact anyone living on them. 

Retirado do livro “Inglês série Brasil”, p. 8, 2008

A
Mean in Portuguese: ‘e’, ‘assim’, ‘entretanto’ and ‘quando’.
B
Have the function to connect ideas, relate cause and effect, establish a time relation and relate opposite ideas.
C
Mean in Portuguese: ‘e’, ‘por causa de’, ‘quando’ and ‘quando’.
D
Have the function of addition, cause and effect, time and conclusion.
E
Have the function of contrast, addition, comparison and time.
49b91953-b4
IF-TM 2011 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

Its in the sentence: “if this disease isn‟t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal”, refers to:

PREJUDICE
      There is a crippling disease that no amount of medical research can cure, no amount of fundraising can prevent – a disease most often transmitted from parent to child.
          If this disease isn‟t checked in its early stages, it can be fatal. The disease is called racism. Its early symptom is the belief that one‟s racial group is somehow superior to others. This can lead to a mentality of “we” versus “them”. In advanced stages, the symptoms of racism are violence, death and destruction. The causes are fear of the foreign (xenophobia), intolerance of diversity and negative attitudes toward Jews and other minorities.
      A cure, however, exists. It‟s a non-surgical change of heart. It takes time, effort and understanding, compassion and respect.
Institute for the Healing of Racism, Utah.
Adapted from English for All, Eliana/Maria Clara/Neuza, V. 2, Saraiva, São Paulo, 2010 . p. 83.
A
racism.
B
research.
C
parent.
D
child.
E
disease.
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UEFS 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The word or expression from the text expresses what is stated on the right in alternative

TEXTO:

Multitasking harmful to productivity




MULTITASKING, harmful to productivity. Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/worldsinthenews/2009/08/090831_witn_multitasking.shtml>. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2010.
A
“such as” (l. 2) — addition.
B
“or” (l. 6) — concession.
C
“while” (l. 9) — place.
D
“However” (l. 15) — doubt.
E
“than” (l. 17) — comparison.
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UEFS 2010 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Considering language usage in the text, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:


Can animals predict natural disasters?




CAN, animals predict natural disasters? Disponível em: <http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/8178-1/Adaptado. Acesso em: 20 dez.2009.

A
The conjunction “However” (l. 2) expresses result.
B
The verb form “was killed” (l. 5) is in the active voice.
C
The relative pronoun “which” (l. 7) can be replaced by whose.
D
The verb form “had left” (l. 8-9) describes an action that takes place before another action in the past.
E
The conjunction “although” (l. 12) expresses addition.
679f9433-b3
IF Sul - MG 2017 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Observe a frase retirada do texto e escolha a opção CORRETA:


“It’s a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses”

• Leia o texto e responda às questões:
How has Princess Diana's death changed the Royal Family?
The death of Princess Diana in 1997, and the public's response to it, shook the House of Windsor.

Twenty years on, there's been a coup at the palace. It was bloodless. All the royals remain standing. But the power has shifted.
The departure, earlier this month, of the Queen's dedicated senior official Sir Christopher Geidt has meant her eldest son can exert more control over the monarchy's direction of travel.
The comings and goings of courtiers excite those on the inside and leave outsiders cold.
However, recent changes should cheer Prince Charles. The heir who's waited and waited is more content and less anguished.
He's still driven by a desire to deliver change but the royal prophet in the wilderness on climate change has been embraced by the mainstream.
A prince once derided for talking to plants is praised for trying to save the planet.
With each year that passes, his mother will do less and he will do more.
There are fewer clouds on his horizon. It's a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses:
his televised admission of adultery, and his leaked comments about tampons.

Lasting influence

And yet, and yet. Whatever accommodation he reached with his first wife in life hasn't survived her death. Diana haunts Charles.
A recent YouGov poll commissioned by the Press Association suggested that the number of people who believe the Prince of Wales has made a positive contribution to the Royal Family has fallen over the past four years, down from 60% to 36%.
This polling took place at a time when it was hard to escape references to Charles's painful past.
Newspapers and television channels have reflected at length on the influence of Diana, Princess of Wales, an influence that stretched from fashion to the British monarchy.
It's been a month of coverage that must have perplexed anyone under the age of 25 and would have confused a visiting Martian.
Charles's many supporters will argue that Diana's adverse impact on his popularity will recede with each passing year. But 20 years on, her influence still registers.(...)

Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41094816/. Acesso em: Agosto de 2017)


A
Não se trata de uma frase na “Passive Voice “ e sim de uma “Active voice” em que a preposição “by” é obrigatória.
B
Trata-se de uma frase na “Active Voice”, pois percebe-se a presença da preposição “by”, sempre obrigatória em frases de “Active Voice”.
C
Trata-se de uma frase na “Passive Voice”, pois percebe-se a presença do verbo “obscured” no “Infinitive”, sempre obrigatório em frases de “Active Voice”
D
Trata-se de uma frase na “Passive Voice”, em que “Horizon” é o paciente que sofre a ação de ser obscurecido pela guerra dos galeses.