Mark the correct alternative.
Text 3
What is a Computer?
Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost
everybody has idea about what a computer is.
We depend on computers in every aspect of our
lives whether we know how to use one or not.
But does everyone really know how a computer
works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which
processes data and provides the results of the
processing as information. There are three basic
steps in the computing process. The first one is
input, which consists of feeding data into the
computer’s memory. Then comes the
processing: the program is run and the
computer processes the data by performing a
set of instructions. The third and final step is the
output furnished by the computer, which allows
the user to see the results either in printed form
or on the screen.
The world of computers has created a
specific language of its own. English words such
as software and hardware are used worldwide
and have been borrowed by many different
languages. Software is information in the form
of data and programs, and hardware refers to
the electronic and mechanical parts that make
up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers
in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to
believe that everybody in the world is computerliterate, i.e., is familiar with computers and
knows how to use them properly. In some
contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and
even in the so-called developed countries, there
are lots of people who do not know or do not
care about what a computer is.
Inglês.com.textos para informática, p. 25, 2001
Text 3
What is a Computer?
Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has idea about what a computer is. We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we know how to use one or not. But does everyone really know how a computer works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the results of the processing as information. There are three basic steps in the computing process. The first one is input, which consists of feeding data into the computer’s memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and the computer processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third and final step is the output furnished by the computer, which allows the user to see the results either in printed form or on the screen.
The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English words such as software and hardware are used worldwide and have been borrowed by many different languages. Software is information in the form of data and programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to believe that everybody in the world is computerliterate, i.e., is familiar with computers and knows how to use them properly. In some contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know or do not care about what a computer is.
Inglês.com.textos para informática, p. 25, 2001
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: C
Tema central: Compreensão de texto e aspectos linguísticos — identificação de informações explícitas (definição e etapas de funcionamento do computador) e reconhecimento de estruturas gramaticais e lexicais (tempos verbais, conectores, empréstimos lexicais, tradução de preposições/conjunções).
Resumo teórico útil: Computação: um computador processa dados passando por três etapas básicas: input (entrada), processing (processamento) e output (saída) — definição alinhada a fontes como Encyclopaedia Britannica e manuais introdutórios de informática. Gramática e vocabulário: verbos de estado/hábito (ex.: "depend") costumam aparecer no presente simples; conectores como "the first", "then", "the third" funcionam como marcadores de sequência; "software" e "hardware" são empréstimos amplamente usados internacionalmente; "despite" equivale a "apesar de" (Cambridge Dictionary).
Justificativa da alternativa C (correta): O enunciado descreve explicitamente que as três etapas são input, processing e output. Isso corresponde exatamente à alternativa C: essas três palavras compõem os processos básicos do computador. É uma informação direta do texto — leitura literal e objetiva.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A — Incorreta. "We depend on computers..." está no present simple, não no present continuous. Trata-se de um estado/hábito/verdade geral (verbo depend), logo usa-se o present simple.
B — Incorreta. "The first", "then" e "the third and final" são, sim, conectores temporais/ sequenciais: estabelecem ordem no discurso (primeiro, depois, por fim). Portanto fazem conexão com elementos já apresentados.
D — Incorreta. "Software" e "hardware" são termos de origem inglesa usados mundialmente em várias línguas, não apenas nos Estados Unidos.
E — Incorreta. "Despite" traduz-se melhor por "apesar de" (preposição que exige substantivo/gerúndio), enquanto "embora" costuma traduzir "although" (conjunção). Há diferença sintática e semântica entre os termos.
Estratégias rápidas para provas: procure informações explícitas no texto para questões factuais; identifique tipos de verbo (stative vs dynamic) para escolher o tempo verbal; reconheça marcadores textuais (first, then, finally) como sinais de sequência; compare traduções cuidando da classe gramatical (preposição x conjunção).
Fontes consultadas: Cambridge Dictionary (meaning of "despite"); Encyclopaedia Britannica (definição básica de computador).
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