Analyze the following statements:
I. “Catapulted from” (line 2) can be understood
as “saiu de”.
II. The sentence “Paul has died” (line 3) is in
the simple past.
III. In the expressions “Sea Life Center” (line 5
and 6) and “Germany's World Cup matches”
(lines 7 and 8), the expressions “Sea Life”
and “Germany’s World Cup” are modifiers.
IV. The words “inevitably” and “correctly” are
formed by the suffix –ly, and are adjectives.
Mark the correct alternative:
Analyze the following statements:
I. “Catapulted from” (line 2) can be understood as “saiu de”.
II. The sentence “Paul has died” (line 3) is in the simple past.
III. In the expressions “Sea Life Center” (line 5 and 6) and “Germany's World Cup matches” (lines 7 and 8), the expressions “Sea Life” and “Germany’s World Cup” are modifiers.
IV. The words “inevitably” and “correctly” are formed by the suffix –ly, and are adjectives.
Mark the correct alternative:
Text 1
NEWSWEEK Remembers Paul the Octopus
Less than six months ago, Paul the Octopus
catapulted from a life of obscurity to worldwide
fame. Now, Paul has died, at the ripe old
octopus age of two.
A common octopus living at the Sea Life
Center in Oberhausen, Germany, Paul was able
to correctly predict the winner of all Germany's
World Cup matches. Prior to the matches, Paul
was given two boxes of food, identical except for
the flags of the competing teams. The team
represented on the box Paul chose to eat from
inevitably won the match. His picking prowess
made him an international star.
Here at NEWSWEEK, we were just as taken
with Paul as was the rest of the news media,
and in an attempt to get inside his cephalopodial
head, we sought out prestigious pet psychic
Catherine Ferguson. In honor of Paul, we
present that video yet again. Rest in peace,
Paul the Octopus.
Newsweek, October 28th, 2010
Text 1
NEWSWEEK Remembers Paul the Octopus
Less than six months ago, Paul the Octopus catapulted from a life of obscurity to worldwide fame. Now, Paul has died, at the ripe old octopus age of two.
A common octopus living at the Sea Life Center in Oberhausen, Germany, Paul was able to correctly predict the winner of all Germany's World Cup matches. Prior to the matches, Paul was given two boxes of food, identical except for the flags of the competing teams. The team represented on the box Paul chose to eat from inevitably won the match. His picking prowess made him an international star.
Here at NEWSWEEK, we were just as taken with Paul as was the rest of the news media, and in an attempt to get inside his cephalopodial head, we sought out prestigious pet psychic Catherine Ferguson. In honor of Paul, we present that video yet again. Rest in peace, Paul the Octopus.
Newsweek, October 28th, 2010
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: Alternativa E — Apenas as afirmativas I e III
Tema central: a questão avalia noções de aspectos verbais (tempos e formas), morfologia (sufixos como -ly) e função sintática de expressões como modificadores em inglês — conteúdos essenciais em análise linguística para concursos.
Resumo teórico rápido:
1. Present perfect (have/has + past participle) indica ligação ao presente; não é simple past. (Consulte Cambridge Dictionary: explicação sobre present perfect.)
2. Em inglês, substantivos podem funcionar como modificadores (compound nouns: e.g., "Sea Life Center" = Center modificado por "Sea Life"). A construção genitiva ('s) também funciona adjetival: "Germany's World Cup matches" = "matches" qualificado por "Germany's World Cup".
3. O sufixo -ly forma majoritariamente advérbios a partir de adjetivos ("inevitable" → "inevitably"; "correct" → "correctly") — portanto são advérbios, não adjetivos (veja Oxford Learner's).
Análise das afirmativas:
I. “Catapulted from” pode ser entendido como “saiu de”. Verdadeiro. Aqui "catapulted from a life of obscurity to worldwide fame" é metafórico: "saiu de um estado de obscuridade (para) fama mundial". Tradução natural: "saiu de".
II. “Paul has died” é simple past. Falso. "Has died" é present perfect (has + past participle). Simple past seria "Paul died". A diferença está na relação com o presente; present perfect é usado para noticia recente/efeito presente.
III. Em “Sea Life Center” e “Germany's World Cup matches”, “Sea Life” e “Germany’s World Cup” são modificadores. Verdadeiro. Em ambos, essas unidades qualificam o substantivo seguinte ("Center", "matches"), funcionando como modificadores (nome + nome ou genitive as modifier).
IV. “inevitably” e “correctly” são formadas por –ly e são adjetivos. Falso. Embora sejam formadas por -ly, ambas são advérbios (modificam o verbo), não adjetivos.
Por que a alternativa E é a correta? Porque apenas I e III são verdadeiras; II e IV estão incorretas pelos motivos acima.
Erros nas demais alternativas (resumo):
A — inclui II e IV (ambas falsas).
B — só II (falsa).
C — inclui II (falsa).
D — inclui IV (falsa).
Estratégia rápida para provas: ao identificar tempo verbal, observe a forma (has/have + particípio = present perfect). Para detectar modificadores, pergunte "o que qualifica o substantivo?" e para -ly verifique se a palavra modifica verbo (advérbio) ou nome (adjetivo).
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