Questõesde CESMAC 2015

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CESMAC 2015 - Geografia - Urbanização, Noções Gerais de Urbanização

O planejamento de uma área urbana, objetivando preservar a qualidade do meio ambiente, deve ser feito em etapas, como as que são mencionadas a seguir:

1) Levantamento das condições ambientais existentes.
2) Definição das áreas apropriadas para uso urbano e das áreas a serem preservadas.
3) Definição dos diferentes usos do solo urbano, em função do maior ou menor impacto que os mesmos possam causar ao meio ambiente.
4) Definição de padrões de qualidade ambiental, em função das circunstâncias específicas de cada ambiente.
5) Relacionamento dos aspectos de preservação ambiental com os outros fatores a serem considerados no planejamento urbano.

Estão corretas:

A
1 e 5 apenas
B
3, 4 e 5 apenas
C
1, 2 e 3 apenas
D
2, 3 e 4 apenas
E
1, 2 ,3 ,4 e 5
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CESMAC 2015 - História e Geografia de Estados e Municípios - História e Geografia do Estado de Alagoas

A participação política de Alagoas nos recentes governos federais:

A
busca espaços nos partidos socialistas mais atuantes e críticos.
B
mantém boas relações com a cúpula federal, fugindo a polêmicas e controvérsias.
C
ocupa cargos de liderança nos partidos, atualmente, mais influentes e críticos.
D
está desligada da política nacional, descontente com o governo federal.
E
conserva práticas tradicionais, revelando poucas mudanças em seus critérios de valor.
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CESMAC 2015 - Geografia - Geografia Econômica

A atividade econômica se traduz pela criação de valor adicionado mediante a produção de bens e serviços, com a utilização de trabalho, de capital e de insumos (matérias-primas).

Qual a definição correta que pode ser dada a “valor adicionado”, referido na frase?

A
Valor que é determinado pelas oscilações mundiais do dólar, em função de oscilações conjunturais econômicas.
B
Valor bruto da produção menos o custo das matérias-primas, bem como de outros consumos intermediários.
C
Valor líquido da produção mais os índices anuais de inflação em períodos de pleno emprego.
D
Valor que é determinado pelo Produto Interno Bruto, subtraindo deste os valores das exportações.
E
Valor que é determinado quando um país se encontra numa situação de pleno emprego e espiral inflacionária descendente.
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CESMAC 2015 - Geografia - Geologia

“A jornalista nepalesa Bhrikuti Rai estava em casa, em Katmandu, no momento do devastador terremoto do último sábado, que matou mais de 8 mil pessoas. Ela conta à BBC como a vida dela virou de cabeça para baixo, assim como a de milhares de outras pessoas no Nepal: "Exatamente às 11h58 da manhã de sábado, meu irmão gritou 'bhuichaalo', ou terremoto. Enquanto ele se movia em direção à porta, o espelho no meu quarto balançou com força. 'Fique aqui', ele disse calmamente, e a minha respiração ficava cada vez mais ansiosa. Acho que eu gritei enquanto ele me lembrava de não sair debaixo da estrutura da porta - sempre aprendemos que é um dos lugares mais seguros de um prédio durante um terremoto. E esse era o grande terremoto que vínhamos temendo há anos. Minha voz era engolida pelo tremor do espelho e do meu laptop na escrivaninha, pelos gritos dos vizinhos e pelos barulhos das portas e janelas batendo.” (Fonte da notícia: Portal Globo.com)

O que ocasionou o terremoto descrito no texto, ocorrido em abril de 2015?

A
O epicentro verificado no meio da Placa do Índico.
B
A subducção da Placa Arábica com a Placa da Índia.
C
A erupção do vulcão Katmandu, na Ásia Oriental.
D
A colisão da placa Indiana com a Placa Euroasiática.
E
A reativação da falha horizontal da China Setentrional.
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CESMAC 2015 - Filosofia - A Metafísica de Aristóteles, Filosofia e a Grécia Antiga

Aristóteles construiu teorias significativas para a cultura do mundo Ocidental. Suas contribuições foram importantes, pois:

A
influenciaram os artistas renascentistas com a crítica feita ao mito e à religião.
B
consolidaram o relativismo dos sofistas, colocando o homem com centro do universo.
C
negaram o valor da religião monogâmica, que foram interpretadas como heresias pela Igreja Católica
D
seguiram os ensinamentos de Platão, ressaltando o valor da democracia e a inutilidade da escravidão.
E
sistematizaram ideias do pensamento grego da época que ainda hoje têm repercussões na contemporaneidade.
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CESMAC 2015 - História - Mercantilismo, Colonialismo e a ocupação portuguesa no Brasil, História do Brasil

A colonização portuguesa, no Brasil, foi marcada pela violência da escravidão e as dificuldades de organização econômica. Com a chegada da Independência, o Brasil conseguiu:

A
estruturar um sistema partidário eficiente onde já existiam ideais democráticos vindos da França.
B
finalizar, de imediato, o sistema escravista, modernizando a economia e lançando produtos para o mercado interno.
C
continuou enfrentando dificuldades, com dependência econômica e uma sociedade estruturada reforçando desigualdades sociais.
D
manter um processo de industrialização nas principais cidades, o que provocou um intenso movimento migratório.
E
firmar instituições políticas fundamentais para a instalação de uma república que combatia a escravidão.
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CESMAC 2015 - História - História Geral, Período Entre-Guerras: Totalitarismos

A longa travessia política do Ocidente é marcada por polêmicas e guerras. O diálogo foi, muitas vezes, esquecido e desprezado. Os regimes totalitários tiveram presença no século XX. Eles defendiam:

A
o fim das monarquias com a descentralização econômica e a consolidação do corporativismo medieval.
B
a queda do parlamentarismo com a volta das religiões e tradições do passado, junto com o progresso tecnológico.
C
a formação de governos com partidos socialistas que defendessem valores tradicionais.
D
a coerção política, com a divulgação de propagandas nacionalistas e preconceituosas.
E
a descentralização econômica e uma cultura controlada pelo Estado, baseada no realismo estético.
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CESMAC 2015 - História - Fundamentos da História : Tempo, Memória e Cultura, História Geral

Interpretar a História exige a construção de conceitos importantes para resolver questões metodológicas. A Escola dos Annales, famosa pelas suas contribuições renovadoras:

A
mostrou dificuldades que existem no trabalho do historiador, repensando o tempo e seus significados.
B
fez uma crítica radical às concepções positivistas, embora defendesse, de forma clara, a ideia de progresso.
C
contou com a influência dos marxismos, reafirmando seus principais conceitos, sem crítica ou ambiguidade.
D
seguiu as reflexões de Hegel, reafirmando o idealismo e defendendo as monarquias parlamentares.
E
evitava discutir a historiografia política, enfatizando a importância da arte e da economia.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The humanitarian action carried out by MSF

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Doctors without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) 

Every year, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) provides emergency medical care to millions of people caught in crises in some 70 countries around the world. MSF provides assistance when catastrophic events—such as armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, or natural disasters—overwhelm local health systems. MSF also assists people who face discrimination or neglect from their local health systems or when populations are otherwise excluded from health care.

MSF is a neutral and impartial humanitarian organization that aims first and foremost to provide high-quality medical care to the people who need it the most. It does not promote the agenda of any country, political party, or religious faith, and, as such, endeavors to communicate its history, background, and capabilities to all parties in a given situation so that it may gain the necessary access to populations in need.

On any given day, more than 30,000 doctors, nurses, logisticians, water-and-sanitation experts, administrators, and other qualified professionals working with MSF can be found providing medical care around the world.

At its core, the purpose of humanitarian action is to save the lives and ease the suffering of people caught in acute crises, thereby restoring their ability to rebuild their lives and communities.

In the countries where MSF works, one or more of the following crises is usually occurring or has occurred: armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, natural disasters, or exclusion from health care.

Adaptado de: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/our-work/howwe-work/types-of-projects Acessado em 1 de maio de 2015.
A
helps qualified professionals rebuild their lives and communities.
B
aids people in every way with the exclusion of health care.
C
helps to save lives easily but it suffers acute crises.
D
involves thousands of specialists in every corner of the world.
E
takes place in countries lacking armed conflict, epidemics, etc.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

MSF has an impartial agenda,

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Doctors without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) 

Every year, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) provides emergency medical care to millions of people caught in crises in some 70 countries around the world. MSF provides assistance when catastrophic events—such as armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, or natural disasters—overwhelm local health systems. MSF also assists people who face discrimination or neglect from their local health systems or when populations are otherwise excluded from health care.

MSF is a neutral and impartial humanitarian organization that aims first and foremost to provide high-quality medical care to the people who need it the most. It does not promote the agenda of any country, political party, or religious faith, and, as such, endeavors to communicate its history, background, and capabilities to all parties in a given situation so that it may gain the necessary access to populations in need.

On any given day, more than 30,000 doctors, nurses, logisticians, water-and-sanitation experts, administrators, and other qualified professionals working with MSF can be found providing medical care around the world.

At its core, the purpose of humanitarian action is to save the lives and ease the suffering of people caught in acute crises, thereby restoring their ability to rebuild their lives and communities.

In the countries where MSF works, one or more of the following crises is usually occurring or has occurred: armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, natural disasters, or exclusion from health care.

Adaptado de: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/our-work/howwe-work/types-of-projects Acessado em 1 de maio de 2015.
A
furthermore, it has good dialoguing skills to achieve its goals.
B
despite its religious background and promotion of faith.
C
as long as the population it helps lacks any political affiliation.
D
however, it is deeply rooted in historical religious practices.
E
therefore, it lacks access to those who really need everywhere.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, MSF

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Doctors without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) 

Every year, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) provides emergency medical care to millions of people caught in crises in some 70 countries around the world. MSF provides assistance when catastrophic events—such as armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, or natural disasters—overwhelm local health systems. MSF also assists people who face discrimination or neglect from their local health systems or when populations are otherwise excluded from health care.

MSF is a neutral and impartial humanitarian organization that aims first and foremost to provide high-quality medical care to the people who need it the most. It does not promote the agenda of any country, political party, or religious faith, and, as such, endeavors to communicate its history, background, and capabilities to all parties in a given situation so that it may gain the necessary access to populations in need.

On any given day, more than 30,000 doctors, nurses, logisticians, water-and-sanitation experts, administrators, and other qualified professionals working with MSF can be found providing medical care around the world.

At its core, the purpose of humanitarian action is to save the lives and ease the suffering of people caught in acute crises, thereby restoring their ability to rebuild their lives and communities.

In the countries where MSF works, one or more of the following crises is usually occurring or has occurred: armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, natural disasters, or exclusion from health care.

Adaptado de: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/our-work/howwe-work/types-of-projects Acessado em 1 de maio de 2015.
A
will take action just in case the local health systems are overwhelmed
B
will take action even if local health systems can do their job well.
C
gets into play whenever local health systems fail to give assistance.
D
have helped millions of people in many countries for more than 70 years.
E
will help excluded and discriminated people on an exclusive basis.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is true to say that Bilingualism

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
helps one to forget routes in order to reach a destination.
B
will help the so-called executive function of the brain.
C
can get one confused while coping with two different things.
D
seems to influence the brain of young people alone.
E
is the best way in order to deal with printing problems
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the sentence “But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise.” handicap is a synonym of

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
impairment
B
relief
C
advantage
D
benefit
E
aid
03352065-de
CESMAC 2015 - Literatura - Modernismo, Escolas Literárias

A obra de Graciliano Ramos encerra vários temas, espaços geográficos e gêneros textuais, a exemplo da memória, do diário, do conto, da crítica literária, do romance e das estórias infanto-juvenis. Dentre as estórias infanto-juvenis, qual foi escrita por Graciliano?

A
As caçadas de Pedrinho.
B
A Cinderela das bonecas
C
Castelo Ratimbum.
D
Reinação de Narizinho.
E
A terra dos meninos pelados.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In recent years, it has been shown that the advantages of bilingualism

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
can be found exclusively in a globalized world
B
are basically those of being able to talk to many people.
C
go beyond the ability to talk to many different people.
D
are outdone by the possibility of dementia it creates
E
relate to how one profits physically but not psychologically.
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CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the past, Bilingualism

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
was seen as a condition to be longed for.
B
was regarded as a push for development.
C
had its best days ever as an individual’s ability.
D
was thought to stir a child’s cognitive skills.
E
was held to exert a noxious influence in the brain.
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CESMAC 2015 - Literatura - Modernismo, Escolas Literárias

Jorge de Lima foi, ao lado do poeta mineiro Murilo Mendes, o mais importante poeta católico brasileiro da sua geração. Ao lado de obras como A Túnica inconsútil, Tempo e Eternidade e Quatro poemas negros, Jorge de Lima escreveu também um dos mais importantes poemas épicos da língua portuguesa. Como foi intitulado este poema épico?

A
Invenção de Orfeu.
B
Catatau.
C
Os Lusíadas.
D
Os Peãs.
E
Fúrias do oráculo.
032b3426-de
CESMAC 2015 - Literatura - Modernismo, Escolas Literárias

Carlos Drummond de Andrade tratou em sua obra de vários temas do homem contemporâneo, a exemplo da solidão, do amor perdido, da saudade das coisas vividas, dos conflitos bélicos. Dentre os versos abaixo, qual é da sua autoria?

A
Vou-me embora pra Pasárgada
Lá sou amigo do rei
Lá tenho a mulher que eu quero
B
No meio do caminho tinha uma pedra
Tinha uma pedra no meio do caminho
Tinha uma pedra
C
Quando o português chegou
Debaixo duma bruta chuva
Vestiu o índio
Que pena!
Fosse uma manhã de sol
O índio tinha despido
O português.;
D
Quando eu morrer quero ficar
Quando eu morrer quero ficar,
Não contem aos meus inimigos,
Sepultado em minha cidade,
Saudade
E
Os momentos épicos da história nacional;
As armas nacionais;
Vêm quinhentos mil escravos no bojo das fábricas,
A metade morreu na escuridão, sem ar.
Dividamos Cristo:
Todos ressuscitarão iguais;
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CESMAC 2015 - Literatura - Modernismo, Escolas Literárias

O escritor paraibano José Lins do Rego narrou em sua obra romanesca a decadência dos engenhos de açúcar do Nordeste, em obras que ficaram conhecidas como o “Ciclo da cana-de-açúcar”. Este “Ciclo” foi concluído com Fogo Morto, romance de 1943, que encerra três narrativas interdependentes sobre personagens que estavam presentes nas demais obras do “Ciclo”. Quais eram esses personagens?

A
Mestre José Amaro, Capitão Vitorino e Lula de Holanda.
B
Pedro Malazarte, Isaías Caminha e Carlos Melo.
C
Lula de Holanda, Pedro Malazarte e Chicó.
D
Capitão Vitorino, Chicó e Sinhá Vitória.
E
Mestre Amaro, Diadorim e Maria Moura.
03211a54-de
CESMAC 2015 - Literatura - Escolas Literárias, Romantismo

Uma significativa produção do Romantismo brasileiro — seja na prosa, seja na poesia — se inscreve na chamada vertente indianista. De Gonçalves Dias, passando por José de Alencar, Visconde de Taunay e Machado de Assis, o indianismo esteve presente em várias obras dos oitocentos. Dentre outras fontes, o indianismo vai beber os seus fundamentos literários em qual princípio filosófico?

A
Na Cidade de Deus, de Santo Agostinho.
B
No positivismo, de Augusto Comte.
C
No Bom Selvagem, de Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
D
Na República ideal, de Platão.
E
Nas sociedades utópicas, de Thomas More.