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UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Segundo o texto, a tribo Zo’e

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
vive de extrativismo e, apesar disso, desenvolveu vários tipos de flechas.
B
migrou do Cabo Canaveral para o Brasil há 15 anos e perdeu seu caráter nômade.
C
permite que os caçadores percam só uma flecha das dez que carregam consigo.
D
foi estudada por cientistas do Cabo Canaveral devido a sua tecnologia para criar flechas.
E
produz flechas com técnicas semelhantes aos conhecimentos aplicados na construção de foguetes.
254c9659-e9
UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do sexto parágrafo – The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. –, a palavra so pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
although.
B
however.
C
because.
D
therefore.
E
furthermore.
25509cba-e9
UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Tradução | Translation

No trecho do sétimo parágrafo – the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction –, a palavra whether equivale, em português, a

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
se.
B
assim.
C
climático.
D
porque.
E
senão.
25492c16-e9
UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do quinto parágrafo – I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one –, a palavra one referese, no texto, a

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
battery.
B
camera.
C
clothes.
D
energy.
E
pictures.
254451f0-e9
UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The Yamal peninsula

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
was the worst place Salgado has ever been due to extremely low temperatures.
B
is located in the north of Siberia, with Arctic weather conditions even in spring.
C
houses many nomadic tribes that come to Nenets to get food in spring.
D
has just one city called Nenets where tribesmen can only raise cattle in spring.
E
is so freezing that people have to warm ice in a pot in order to take a bath.
25413ae2-e9
UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

One of the problems Salgado had when photographing Genesis was

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
using digital cameras instead of the ones with films.
B
organizing the 2,500 photos he took per day.
C
spending more than eight years far away from his home in Brazil.
D
communicating with nomadic tribes either in Siberia or in Brazilian Amazon.
E
the camera battery that didn’t work properly in icy weather.
253e211c-e9
UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Sebastião Salgado

Up Close With Sebastião Salgado, Brazil’s Legendary Photographer-Activist

By Fernanda Ezabella (Folha de S.Paulo/Worldcrunch)


(Alto Xingu Indians in Central Brazil.
Sebastião Salgado/Amazonas Images)


    Sebastião Salgado’s blue eyes have seen a bit of everything in this world – and this might not even be an exaggeration. For the past eight years in particular, the 69-year-old Brazilian photographer has travelled to more than 30 isolated regions of the world, collecting images of dozens of remote tribes, endangered animals and unusual landscapes.
    The Genesis project is a singular photographic journey that began in 2004 and ended in 2012, at a cost of one million Euros a year. The result will be shown in magazines, books, a documentary by Wim Wenders and a series of exhibitions around the world, each displaying some 250 black-and-white photos.
    The first exhibition will open in London on April 11, with former Brazilian President Lula – Salgado’s long-time friend – as special guest. “We want to create a little movement around these photos to provoke a debate on what we need to preserve,” he says. Salgado defends environmental causes through his organization, Instituto Terra. Even after travelling to so many exotic places, Salgado, now living in Paris, still takes vacations in Brazil. Here are excerpts from a conversation Salgado had with Folha, with new details about his travels, photographic techniques and new environmental projects.


•  Coldest trip
I visited the Nenets, in the Yamal peninsula, in northern Siberia, Russia. They are a nomadic tribe who raise reindeer in extreme Arctic conditions. When I went there it was spring and weather ranged between -35ºC and -45ºC. I didn’t wash myself for 45 days. They don’t take baths because there is no water. The only way to get water is to break off a piece of ice and warm it in a pot.

•  Frozen equipment
I used a Canon, an EOS1 Mark III, a very powerful machine. The problem was the batteries. In the Siberian temperatures, they quickly lost power. On average, I take 2,500 shots per battery, but this time I could only take 300-400 photos before the battery stopped working. I would put it inside my clothes, my assistant would give me another one, I would take 300 more pictures and, when that battery ran out energy, I would take out the other one and it would work again.

•  Going digital for the first time
I started Genesis with film and changed to digital. The airport X-Ray scanners degrade the quality of film, and so I decided to change to digital and was quite surprised. Quality was better than the one I had with negatives in medium format. I turned off the screen on the back of the camera, and used my camera as I have always done. When I came back to Paris, I printed contact sheets and edited the photos using a magnifying glass, because I don’t know how to do it in the computer.

•  Stone Ages
I met tribes that are still living in the Stone Ages, with working tools such as stone hammers. There were clans of about 10 people living in treetops. They had already seen white people before. They looked towards the direction I had come from and the chief asked me whether I was part of the white people clan that usually came from that direction. Because, for them, the world is all made of clans.

•  Brazilian arrows
I met the Zo’e tribe, in Brazil, who were first discovered 15 years ago and live in a state of total purity. You see the guy working with an arrow. He warms it, put some weight on it, a straight feather if he wants a quicker arrow, a rounder one to have it slower. It is the same science as for rockets. And he’s got the same problem as in Cape Canaveral, to recover his rockets. If his ballistic calculations are wrong, he loses his arrow. He takes only 10 arrows with him when he goes hunting, no more than that.

•  Activist or photographer?
Photography is my life. When I am taking photos, I am in a deep trance. When I have my camera and am travelling with the Nenets, it’s my life, morning to night. I have taken incredible photos, but my life is also the environment and Instituto Terra.

(www.worldcrunch.com. Adaptado.)
A
vive no Brasil embora a sede do Instituto Terra seja em Paris.
B
teve dificuldade para operar a filmadora usada para gravar o documentário para TV
C
é um fotógrafo brasileiro comprometido com as questões ambientais.
D
prefere fotografias coloridas embora o projeto Genesis seja em preto e branco.
E
concentrou a maior parte das imagens do projeto genesis em paisagens inóspitas e gélidas.
253827cd-e9
UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - História - República Autoritária : 1964- 1984, História do Brasil

Entre as principais características do regime militar brasileiro (1964-1985), podemos citar

A
o forte autoritarismo político, existente desde 1964 e intensificado após a decretação do AI-5, em 1968.
B
o esforço de privatização de empresas estatais, principalmente nos setores energético e de informática.
C
a disposição de desenvolver armamentos atômicos, conforme definido no acordo nuclear com a Alemanha, em 1975.
D
a unidade das Forças Armadas, expressa nas negociações para as sucessões presidenciais de 1967 e 1974.
E
a manutenção de boas relações diplomáticas com os países da América, independentemente da posição política ou ideológica de seus governos.
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UFTM 2013 - História - Guerra Fria e seus desdobramentos, História Geral

     Oficialmente, o mundo não acordou para a crise dos mísseis em Cuba até o anoitecer da segunda-feira, 22 de outubro de 1962, quando o presidente [John] Kennedy falou pela primeira vez na televisão para anunciar a presença de mísseis soviéticos em Cuba e declarar sua intenção de impor um bloqueio naval. [...]

    Pela primeira vez desde que os Estados Unidos jogaram bombas atômicas em Hiroshima e Nagasaki em 1945, centenas de milhões de pessoas em todo o globo temeram que armas nucleares pudessem ser usadas outra vez.

(Richard Gott. Cuba: uma nova história, 2006.)


O texto se refere à chamada “crise dos mísseis de Cuba”,

A
início do embargo comercial e do bloqueio militar norte-americano em relação à Cuba, estratégias de isolamento político e comercial da ilha que persistem até hoje.
B
consumação do sucesso da Revolução Cubana, com a derrubada do regime pró-soviético e o restabelecimento do controle norte-americano sobre a produção cubana de açúcar.
C
momento de tensão política que definiu o fim da hegemonia norte-americana sobre o Caribe e a América Central e ampliou a influência soviética na região.
D
ponto de partida para uma nova forma de relações diplomáticas e políticas entre Estados Unidos e América Latina, pois iniciou um ciclo de revoluções sociais no continente.
E
episódio central da Guerra Fria e demonstração do esforço norte-americano de manter sua hegemonia sobre a América Latina depois da Revolução Cubana.
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UFTM 2013 - História - Construção do Estado Liberal: Revolução Francesa, História Geral

Os franceses não possuíam um grande vocabulário político antes de 1789, pois a política se passava em Versalhes, no mundo distante da corte real. Quando as pessoas do povo começaram a participar da política [...], precisaram encontrar palavras para o que tinham visto e feito.

(Robert Darnton. O beijo de Lamourette, 1990.)


A partir do texto, é correto afirmar que a Revolução Francesa de 1789

A
criou novas categorias do pensamento político, como as noções de socialismo e liberalismo.
B
implantou o sufrágio universal na escolha dos governantes e eliminou a influência política da nobreza e da burguesia.
C
extinguiu imediatamente o poder real, instalou a República e democratizou o país.
D
provocou significativa ampliação da participação política dos franceses e renovou as formas de expressão política.
E
afetou um número reduzido de franceses, pois as ações políticas e sociais se concentraram na capital, nova sede do governo.
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UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - História - História Geral, Ocupação de novos territórios: Colonialismo

A afirmação de que “o contato dos habitantes americanos com os colonizadores resultou numa das maiores catástrofes demográficas da história da humanidade” é uma referência

    No início dos Tempos Modernos, os reinos cristãos da Europa deram início ao longo processo de expansão comercial e geográfica que resultou no estabelecimento de comunicações regulares com populações e regiões do mundo até então desconhecidas entre si. [...]
     A vida dos habitantes do litoral do Atlântico Sul mudou radicalmente com a chegada dos europeus. A vinda daqueles homens barbados, pouco asseados e carregados de reluzentes e estrondosas armas introduziu os tupis na idade do ferro – para o bem e para o mal.
    As ferramentas trazidas pelos europeus facilitaram o árduo trabalho nas roças e nas florestas subtropicais. Por outro lado, o contato dos habitantes americanos com os colonizadores resultou numa das maiores catástrofes demográficas da história da humanidade.

(Adriana Lopez e Carlos Guilherme Mota. História do Brasil: uma interpretação, 2008.)
A
aos esforços dos europeus na busca de metais nobres e pedras preciosas, que os levou a avançar para o interior das terras conquistadas, onde muitos morreram, vítimas de doenças tropicais.
B
à peste bubônica, que proliferou pelo Ocidente europeu durante três séculos e era provocada por pulgas de ratos originárias da América e levadas à Europa pelos navegadores e conquistadores.
C
ao desequilíbrio populacional vivido pela Europa após a conquista da América, quando dezenas de milhares de europeus se deslocaram para as novas terras, em busca de melhores condições de vida.
D
à morte de milhões de indígenas nos primeiros séculos de conquista e colonização europeias, vitimados por doenças que eles desconheciam e pelo intenso trabalho compulsório a que foram submetidos.
E
aos conflitos entre portugueses e espanhóis no território americano, que envolveram milhares de pessoas e destruíram plantações e comunidades indígenas em todo o continente.
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UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - História - História Geral, Ocupação de novos territórios: Colonialismo

A caracterização dos europeus, presente no segundo parágrafo, sugere

    No início dos Tempos Modernos, os reinos cristãos da Europa deram início ao longo processo de expansão comercial e geográfica que resultou no estabelecimento de comunicações regulares com populações e regiões do mundo até então desconhecidas entre si. [...]
     A vida dos habitantes do litoral do Atlântico Sul mudou radicalmente com a chegada dos europeus. A vinda daqueles homens barbados, pouco asseados e carregados de reluzentes e estrondosas armas introduziu os tupis na idade do ferro – para o bem e para o mal.
    As ferramentas trazidas pelos europeus facilitaram o árduo trabalho nas roças e nas florestas subtropicais. Por outro lado, o contato dos habitantes americanos com os colonizadores resultou numa das maiores catástrofes demográficas da história da humanidade.

(Adriana Lopez e Carlos Guilherme Mota. História do Brasil: uma interpretação, 2008.)
A
o primitivismo dos grupos indígenas que viviam na América e a inevitável tendência histórica à supremacia europeia.
B
a paixão dos europeus pelas guerras e o pacifismo dos indígenas, que permitiu que a colonização ocorresse de forma harmoniosa.
C
os rituais de sociabilidade que reuniram europeus e nativos e que acabaram por igualar os costumes dos habitantes dos dois lados do Atlântico.
D
a perspectiva dos europeus diante dos povos que encontraram nas terras conquistadas e sua evidente inferioridade numérica.
E
as fortes diferenças existentes entre europeus e indígenas nos aspectos físicos, nos hábitos e no domínio tecnológico.
252c4fbb-e9
UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - História - História do Brasil, Brasil Monárquico – Segundo Reinado 1831- 1889

Em meio à “série de acontecimentos” que “iria reanimar as atividades industriais” no Brasil do final da década de 1860, podem-se citar

    As poucas fábricas que subsistiram durante as décadas de 1840 a 1870 se mantiveram graças a privilégios de exploração, de subvenções governamentais na forma de empréstimos e isenções de direitos de importação; em certas regiões, como o único substituto possível à produção agrícola decadente, enquanto, em outras, as dificuldades de comunicação e o alto custo do transporte atuavam como meios de proteção.
    Uma série de acontecimentos iria, contudo, reanimar as atividades industriais, no fim da década de sessenta.

(Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. O Brasil monárquico. Declínio e queda do Império, 1985. Adaptado.)
A
a Guerra Civil norte-americana e a Guerra do Paraguai, que estimularam a indústria de tecidos.
B
a Lei do Ventre Livre, que liberou farta mão de obra para o setor industrial urbano.
C
as campanhas militares no Rio da Prata, que expandiram a fronteira agrícola e geraram excedente financeiro a ser investido na indústria.
D
as reformas alfandegárias, que reduziram os impostos de importação e estabeleceram o regime de livre câmbio.
E
a Lei Eusébio de Queirós, que prejudicou a produção agrícola e facilitou o deslocamento de capitais para o setor industrial.
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UFTM 2013, UFTM 2013 - História - História Geral, Segunda Grande Guerra – 1939-1945

Os combates entre Estados Unidos e Japão, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial,

A
eliminaram as influências chinesa e soviética sobre o centro da Ásia e o Norte do Pacífico.
B
derivaram, em grande medida, dos interesses políticos e estratégicos conflitantes dos dois países no sudeste asiático.
C
iniciaram-se com o lançamento das bombas atômicas em Hiroshima e Nagasaki e se encerraram com o ataque japonês a Pearl Harbor.
D
contribuíram, em grande medida, para a manutenção da hegemonia militar britânica e francesa no Sul do Pacífico Sul e no sudeste asiático.
E
incluíram amplas ações militares de aliados dos dois países e deslocaram o conflito, antes concentrado no Oceano Pacífico, para o continente europeu.