Questõessobre Verbos modais | Modal verbs

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SÃO CAMILO 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “I’d recommended that she try a medicine”, o termo sublinhado pode ser corretamente substituído por

Leia o texto para responder à questão. 

The challenge of doctor-patient relations in the internet age



     “Let me do some research and I’ll get back to you,” my patient said. My patient, a 19-year-old student, had already taken time off from school because of her anxiety. I was her psychiatrist, with over two decades of experience treating university students, and had just explained my diagnostic impressions based on a lengthy evaluation. I’d recommended that she try a medicine I expected would help. I’d also laid out the risks and benefits of other treatment options. 
      “Do you have additional questions I can answer?” I asked. I wanted to let her know that’s why I was there, to cull the research, to help make sense of it. “No, I like to go online and look for myself,” she said.
     More and more, I see students turning away from the expertise that a live person can offer and instead turning to the vast and somehow more objective-seeming “expertise” of the digital world.
     In an age when journalism we don’t like can be dismissed as “fake news,” suggesting that the information we do like is most credible, regardless of its source, it’s not hard to understand why young people do this. The medical profession itself, under managed care, has played a role as well, providing less time for doctor-patient interactions and undermining the chances that a personal relationship and trust can develop. Under the guise of efficiency, medical test results are now often released directly to patients, sometimes before or even without the benefit of any interpretation.
     But there’s danger in trusting data over people, as there is in thinking the expertise of all people is equivalent. When it comes to health, digital natives may not be learning how to navigate effectively. And the consequences could be harmful.
    The availability of health data on the internet has its benefits. Online, for example, we can find explanations and solutions for symptoms we might be too embarrassed, or afraid, to discuss with another person, in person. Or, for lifethreatening diseases, we can locate clinical trials our doctors may not be aware of.
     However, there’s also a lot of misleading information, and information that’s simply untrue. The internet is full of people selling things – supplements, treatment regimens that have not been rigorously tested, even prescription medications – and making false promises that have not been scrutinized by regulatory agencies. Sometimes, as in the case of some websites that promote “an anorexic diet” for “aggressive” weight loss, the information can encourage life-threatening behavior.
      Years ago, when we discussed paternalism versus patient autonomy in my medical school ethics class, I came down strongly in favor of autonomy. Who but the patient could best decide what was right for him or her? But years of clinical – and personal – experience have taught me that information in and of itself is insufficient. Judgment is also indispensable, especially in complex situations, and the capacity for good judgment rests within people, not data sets.

(Doris Iarovici is a psychiatrist at Harvard University’s Counseling and
Mental Health Services and the author of Mental Health Issues and the
University Student. www.nytimes.com, 01.03.2018. Adaptado.)
A
used to.
B
had.
C
should.
D
could.
E
would.
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UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Sinônimos | Synonyms

Analise o trecho do terceiro parágrafo “I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets”, para responder à questão.


O termo “must” pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
has to.
B
can.
C
might.
D
used to.
E
ought to.
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ABEPRO 2017 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

The word in bold, in ‘We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues’, is being used to express:

Opportunity Cost


This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.


This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.


One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.


SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

A
an advice
B
a permission
C
a suggestion
D
a possibility
E
a duty
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UFRGS 2019 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

Consider the use of the modal verb in the following sentence.

The earliest experience of art must have been incantatory, magical.

Select the alternative that best presents its negative form.

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.  

Adapted from: SONTAG, Susan. Agaínst
lnterpretatlon and Other Essays. Penguin Modern
Classics, Straus and Giroux, 2009. p. 3-4.
A
The earliest experience of art mustn't have been incantatory, magicai.
B
The earliest experience of art shouldn't have been incantatory, magical.
C
The earliest experience of art mustn't be incantatory, magical.
D
The earliest experience of art can't have been incantatory, magical.
E
The earliest experience of art doesn't have to be incantatory, magical.
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UEG 2016 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Substantivos: definição e tipos | Nouns: definition and types, Substantivos contáveis e incontáveis | Countable and uncountable, Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice

Analisando-se os aspectos estruturais do texto, verifica-se que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


The Internet of Things


   The “Internet of Things” (IoT) is becoming an increasingly growing topic of conversation both in the workplace and outside of it. It’s a concept that not only has the potential to impact how we live but also how we work. But what exactly is the “Internet of Things” and what impact is it going to have on you, if any? There are a lot of complexities around the “Internet of Things” but we want to stick to the basics. Lots of technical and policyrelated conversations are being had but many people are still just trying to grasp the foundation of what the heck these conversations are about.

  Let’s start with understanding a few things. 

  Broadband Internet is becoming more widely available, the cost of connecting is decreasing, more devices are being created with Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors built into them, technology costs are going down, and smartphone penetration is sky-rocketing. All of these things are creating a “perfect storm” for the IoT.

  So What Is The Internet of Things?  

Simply put, this is the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cellphones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of.

  So what now?

  The new rule for the future is going to be, “Anything that can be connected, will be connected.”







A
a sentença more devices are being created encontra-se na voz passiva. Na voz ativa seria “They create many more devices”.
B
a sentença technology costs are going down, na forma negativa, seria “technology costs be not going down”.
C
na sentença Let’s start with understanding a few things, o termo “Let´s” é composto pela contração dos vocábulos “Let” e “is”.
D
na sentença Anything that can be connected, o modal “can” apresenta a ideia de possibilidade de ocorrência.
E
na sentença many people are still just trying, o termo “many” pode ser substituído pelo vocábulo “much”, sem alteração de sentido.
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UNINOVE 2015 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Routine surgery and childbirth could be a hazardous business”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.



    You need only go back 70 years to a time when a scratch and a common infection could prove deadly. Routine surgery and childbirth could be a hazardous business. Penicillin had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming, but human trials did not begin for over a decade. The first patient was an Oxford policeman, Albert Alexander, who had scratched his face on a rose bush and the wound became seriously infected (another historical version has him injured in a bombing raid). He was treated with penicillin and his condition rapidly improved, but supplies ran out before he could be cured and he died. By the end of the war penicillin was being widely produced, and other drugs quickly followed - marking the start of the antibiotic era.

    So most of us have grown up with these miracle drugs readily available. It’s understandable that patients and some doctors simply can’t comprehend the concept of a pre-antibiotic world. But that is what’s at stake unless the threat is taken seriously.

• Rise of superbugs

    Much of modern medicine is now underpinned by antibiotics. Surgery is more invasive than ever: from hip replacements to cancer treatment and transplants - antibiotics are essential to prevent and treat infection. There have been repeated calls on doctors to curb the overuse of antibiotics going back many years.

    Whilst it is important that the NHS (National Health System in England) exercises better stewardship of antibiotics, it is worth remembering that this is a global problem that requires global solutions. Superbug infections respect no borders and have spread from continent to continent with ease. This is a serious concern because many developing countries have far poorer controls on antibiotic use.

• Misuse

    Last year the World Health Organization found that some antibiotics could be bought legally over the counter in 19 out of 43 European countries surveyed. Then there is the widespread misuse of antibiotics in agriculture, in farmed animals and fish. More antibiotics are used in livestock production than for human health and there is widespread concern about the use of long-term, low-dose antibiotics in animal feed in countries like the US, China and India.

    Part of the problem is due to simple evolutionary pressure: bacteria are constantly evolving, and resistant strains emerging. This means there is a constant battle to stay ahead of the germs. But developing new antibiotics has proved hugely difficult - it’s nearly 30 years since the last new class of antibiotics came on the market.
A
going to.
B
has to.
C
might.
D
should.
E
ought to.
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UEG 2015 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Orações Relativas e pronomes relativos | Relative clauses and relative pronouns, Presente perfeito progressivo | Present perfect continuous, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice, Pronomes | Pronouns

Considerando os aspectos estruturais do texto, tem-se o seguinte:

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

 

Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With Legal Implications

 

In the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these answers, let’s read the interview.

 

Q. Does it matter what you call them?

A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between the two.

 

Q. Who is a refugee?

A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.

 

Q. What does the distinction mean for European countries?

A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the 1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee agency said in a statement on Thursday.

 

Q. Who is a migrant?

A. Anyone moving from one country to another is considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.

 

Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?

A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951 convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.

 

Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>.  Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.


A
A sentença “refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives would be in danger”, na voz ativa, seria: They could not send refugees back to countries where their lives will be in danger.
B
A sentença “Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now”, no tempo present perfect continuous, poderia ser assim expressa: Thousands have been traveling across the Balkans lately.
C
O modal “may” é usado nas sequências “…may be fleeing dire poverty”, “…may be well-off” e “…may be migrating to join relatives”, indicando possibilidade futura.
D
O termo em destaque em “...which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951 convention”, no texto, é um pronome relativo que se refere a “legal papers”.
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UPE 2021 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Substantivos: definição e tipos | Nouns: definition and types, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Passado simples | Simple past, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Palavras cognatas | Cognate words

Considere a análise linguística elaborada para o texto e assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.


A
No final do 13º parágrafo – "When the wind kicked up, everyone near me snapped their heads toward where a fire burned less than a mile away." – o termo sublinhado é um Modal Verb.
B
O 1º e o 5º parágrafos apresentam algumas comparações, com imagens diversas, que vão da inspiração na arte ao terror, chegando a impressionar o leitor, tal é a situação da Austrália em chamas.
C
No 13º parágrafo, há uma variação de tempos verbais, porém, no trecho – "When the wind kicked up, everyone near me snapped their heads toward where a fire burned less than a mile away." – predomina o Simple Past.
D
No trecho (7º parágrafo): "With officials in New South Wales announcing Thursday that heavy rain had helped them finally extinguish or control all the state’s fires that have raged this Australian summer, the country seems to be reflecting and wondering what comes next.," as palavras sublinhadas são cognatas, porém officials, em negrito, é um false friend.
E
No trecho (10º parágrafo): "If there’s not a major shift that comes out of this, we’re doomed,‖ said Robyn Eckersley, a political scientist at the University of Melbourne who has written extensively about environmental policy around the world. "It does change everything — or it should.", as palavras destacadas apresentam relação de sinonímia, mas, nesse contexto, shift é substantivo e change é verbo.
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UNICENTRO 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

By changing “must” (l. 29) into the past, it corresponds to


A
should.
B
had to.
C
ought to.
D
were able to.
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UNICENTRO 2019 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Presente simples | Simple present , Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering language usage in the text, it’s correct to say:


A
The word “lives” (l. 2) is the Simple Present form of the verb.
B
The phrase “as complex as” (l. 3) expresses inequality.
C
The modal “can” (l. 5) expresses certainty.
D
The expression “such as” (l. 7) introduces an exemplification.
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UNICENTRO 2017 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fourth paragraph, the modal verb may expresses:

Can talking on a mobile phone be hazardous to your health? It is difficult to know for sure. Some research suggests that heavy users of mobile phones are at a greater risk of developing cancerous brain tumours. However, many other studies suggest there are no links between cancer and mobile phone use.

The main problem with the current research is that mobile phones have only been popular since the 1990s. As a result, it is impossible to study long-term exposure to mobile phones. This concerns many health professionals who point out that certain cancers can take over twenty years to develop. Another concern about these studies is that many have been funded by the mobile phone industry or those who benefit from it.

Over five billion people now use mobile phones on a daily basis, and many talk for more than an hour a day. Mobile phone antennas are similar to microwave ovens. While both rely on electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the radio waves in mobile phones are lower in frequency. Microwave ovens have radio wave frequencies that are high enough to cook food, and they are also known to be dangerous to human tissues like those in the brain. The concern is that the lowerfrequency radio waves that mobile phones rely on may also be dangerous. It seems logical that holding a heat source near your brain for a long period of time is a potential health hazard.

Some researchers believe that other types of wireless technology may also be dangerous to human health, including cordless phones, wireless gaming consoles, and laptop or tablet computers with wireless connections. They suggest replacing all cordless and wireless devices with wired ones where possible. They also say that many cordless phones can emit dangerous levels of Electromagnetic Radiation even when they are not in use. They even suggest keeping electronic devices such as desktop and tablet computers out of the bedroom, or at least six feet from the head while we're sleeping.

A growing number of health professionals worldwide are recommending that mobile phone users err on the side of caution until more definitive studies can be conducted. They use the example of tobacco to illustrate the potential risks. Many years ago, people smoked freely and were not concerned about the effects of cigarettes on their health. Today, people know that cigarettes cause lung cancer, though it is still unknown exactly how or why. Some doctors fear that the same thing will happen with mobile phones. In May 2016, the UK's Independent newspaper reported on research by the US government's National Toxicology Program that showed a slight increase in brain tumours among rats exposed to the type of radio frequencies commonly emitted by mobile phones. This doesn't prove that mobile phones can cause brain tumours in humans, but it does show that it's possible. As a result, many experts now recommend texting or using head sets or speaker phones instead of holding a mobile phone to the ear.

(Source: https://www.englishclub.com/reading/health/cell-phone.htm)

A
Certainty, as researchers are convinced that wireless technology is dangerous to human health.
B
Uncertainty, as researchers are still not 100% sure of the dangers of wireless technology.
C
Uncertainty, as recent studies have proved that smartphones are not hazardous.
D
Certainty, as there is compelling evidence of the dangers of wireless technology.
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UNICENTRO 2016 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Presente perfeito progressivo | Present perfect continuous, Caso genitivo | Genitive case, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Grau dos adjetivos | Adjective degrees, Adjetivos | Adjectives, Presente perfeito | Present perfect, Presente simples | Simple present , Presente progressivo | Present continuous

Considerando o uso gramatical da língua no texto, é correto afirmar:


THE HONEYBEE has... Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienceenvironment-34749846>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2016.

A
A forma verbal “had just emerged” (l. 9) refere-se ao tempo presente.
B
O modal em “may have been used” (l. 18-19) expressa possibilidade.
C
O ’s em “it”s (l. 24) expressa o genitivo de posse.
D
O adjetivo “the earliest” (l. 25) está no grau comparative de inferioridade.
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UNICENTRO 2017 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Choose the best answer, according to the text. Refer to the words in bold when necessary:

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time


That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet: 


1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.


Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”


(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

A
The words may and could are used to indicate uncertainty.
B
Lauren Fletcher is still working at NASA
C
The word widespread is used as an adjective to the noun battle.
D
The pronoun which is used to refer the aforementioned widespread clear-cutting.
E
Burning of forests accounts for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions nowadays
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UFT 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the title of the text, the modal verb SHOULD conveys the idea of:

Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say

      The reason Pluto lost its planet status is not valid, according to new research from the University of Central Florida in Orlando. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a global group of astronomy experts, established a definition of a planet that required it to "clear" its orbit, or in other words, be the largest gravitational force in its orbit. […]
     Metzger, who is lead author on the study, reviewed scientific literature from the past 200 years and found only one publication -- from 1802 -- that used the clearing-orbit requirement to classify planets, and it was based on since-disproven reasoning.
     "It's a sloppy definition," Metzger said of the IAU's definition. "They didn't say what they meant by clearing their orbit. If you take that literally, then there are no planets, because no planet clears its orbit." […]
     Metzger said that the definition of a planet should be based on its intrinsic properties, rather than ones that can change, such as the dynamics of a planet's orbit. "Dynamics are not constant, they are constantly changing," Metzger said. "So, they are not the fundamental description of a body, they are just the occupation of a body at a current era."
    Instead, Metzger recommends classifying a planet based on if it is large enough that its gravity allows it to become spherical in shape. "And that's not just an arbitrary definition, Metzger said. "It turns out this is an important milestone in the evolution of a planetary body, because apparently when it happens, it initiates active geology in the body." 

Source: University of Central Florida. "Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say."
ScienceDaily, 7 September 2018. Available at:<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180907110422.htm>.
A
obligation.
B
recommendation.
C
promise.
D
ability.
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Fadba 2015 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

Que(ais) Modal Verb(s) melhor completa(m) a seguinte sentença: “You didn’t get good results in your last exams. So, you ______________ study hard.”

Leia o texto abaixo para a questão.



Friendship Day History
    There is not much literature on Friendship Day history as we celebrate today. However, there are numerous folktales and several instance in mythological legends that shows that friends and friendship have been valued since the beginning of civilized world. As an intrinsically social creature, men love to make friends to further this process of socialization.

History of Friendship Day in US
    Considering the valuable role friends play in our life it was deemed to fit to have a day dedicated to friends and friendship. The United States Congress, in 1935, proclaimed first Sunday of August as the National Friendship Day. Since then, celebration of National Friendship Day became an annual event. The noble idea of honoring the beautiful relationship of friendship caught on with the people and soon Friendship Day became a hugely popular festival. Following the popularity and success of Friendship Day in US, several other countries adopted the tradition of dedicating a day to friends. Today, Friendship Day is enthusiastically celebrated by several countries across the world including India. In 1997, the United Nations named Winnie - the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship.

Importance of Friendship in Bible
The Bible, the primary text of the western civilization, reflects upon friendship as the bond that forms the foundation to human faith, trust and companionship. Following verses from the bible aptly portray the importance of friends:

"Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you.”
Matthew 7:7

“Greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends.”
John 15:13-15
http://www.friendshipday.org/friendship-day-history.html ≥ Acesso em 09/06/2015
A
have to / must
B
can / may
C
able to
D
ought to
E
should / may
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PUC - RJ 2019 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “researchers and service providers must address public anxiety and make it clear that robots are designed to assist social workers, not replace them.” (lines 94-97), the verb form must conveys an idea of



Available at:<https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgetsand-tech/features/robot-carer-elderly-people-lonelinessageing-population-care-homes-a8659801.html>. Retrieved on:

July 2, 2019. Adapted.

A
strong recommendation
B
logical conclusion
C
possibility
D
condition
E
ability
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses advice is

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
“Today, we may not gather around the camp fire, but the average adult is still thought to spend at least 6% of the waking day engrossed in fictional stories on our various screens.” (lines 7-10)
B
“Evolutionary theory can also shed light on the staples of romantic fiction” (lines 63-64)
C
“The ‘dads’ might be the better choice for the long-term security and protection of your children” (lines 66-67)
D
“McEwan argues we should celebrate these evolved tendencies as the very source of fiction’s power to cross the continents and the centuries.” (lines 98-100)
E
“It would not be possible to enjoy literature from a time remote from our own…” (lines 101-102)
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IF Sudeste - MG 2016 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Pronome demonstrativo | Demonstrative pronoun, Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions, Pronomes | Pronouns, Pronomes interrogativos | Question words

Read the following excerpt from a newspaper, ignoring the gaps numbered (1-5). After that, choose the CORRECT alternative.

Published in 1981, Todd Strasser’s The Wave recounts a true incident that took place in a history class at a Palo Alto, California, high school in 1969. The teacher of the class, Ron Jones, (1)__________ is fictionally renamed Ben Ross in the book, actually formulated the experiment described in the narrative in an effort to help his students understand how the Holocaust could have happened without the mass condemnation of the German people. What begins as a simple class project quickly takes on a life of its own, (2) __________, as students conform mindlessly to the experimental system, and others are pressured ruthlessly to join in.
Group dynamics and peer influence bordering on coercion create a sinister atmosphere of fear and mistrust, The Wave spontaneously takes on the characteristics of a cult. The event disrupts an entire school (3) __________ raises a plethora of dark questions concerning responsibility, freedom, and group dynamics. Ron Jones calls it “one of the most frightening events ever experienced in the classroom.” As a novelization of a teleplay by Johnny Dawkins, based on a short story by Ron Jones, Strasser’s book (4) __________ not have attracted an abundance of criticism as a literary entity in itself, (5) __________ The Wave clearly holds an important place in the canon of young adult literature. (…)
Available at: <http://www.enotes.com/topics/the-wave/critical-essays>. Accessed on: 20 set. 2016

Choose the CORRECT alternative..

A
The space in 1 can be filled in with either “who” or “that”.
B
The space in 2 can be filled in with “therefore”.
C
The space in 3 can be filled in with “as”.
D
The space in 4 can be filled in with either “would” or “may”.
E
The space in 5 can be filled in with “but”.
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UPE 2016 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

A sequência CORRETA que completa as lacunas dos textos 6, 7 e 8 está indicada na alternativa

Leia os textos 6, 7 e 8 e complete as lacunas com verbos auxiliares modais. Atenção para o contexto e o uso da língua, conforme a gramática.


A
ought to / Shall / mustn’t
B
shan’t / Should / ought to
C
mustn’t / Shall / can’t
D
would / Shouldn’t / may
E
shall / Might / shouldn’t
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FATEC 2017 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O termo may em May I quote you? expressa a ideia de

     Eu, Robô (I, Robot) é uma coletânea de contos escritos por Isaac Asimov que procura descrever, sob o ponto de vista do autor, o hipotético aumento da presença e da atuação dos robôs na sociedade.
    Leia o texto, que apresenta uma entrevista com a personagem Susan Calvin, uma “robopsicóloga”, e responda à questão.

Susan Calvin had been born in the year 1982, they said, which made her seventy five now. Everyone knew that. Appropriately enough, U. S. Robot and Mechanical Men, Inc. was seventy-five also, since it had been in the year of Dr. Calvin’s birth that Lawrence Robertson had first taken out incorporation papers for what eventually became the strangest industrial giant in man’s history. Well, everyone knew that, too. (…)

She went back to her desk and sat down. She didn’t need expression on her face to look sad, somehow.

“How old are you?” she wanted to know.

“Thirty-two,” I said. 

“Then you don’t remember a world without robots. There was a time when humanity faced the universe alone and without a friend. Now he has creatures to help him; stronger creatures than himself, more faithful, more useful, and absolutely devoted to him. Mankind is no longer alone. Have you ever thought of it that way?”

“I’m afraid I haven’t. May I quote you?”

“You may. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven’t worked with them, so you don’t know them. They’re a cleaner, better breed than we are.”

(ASIMOV, I. I, Robot. Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett Publications,1950. p. 2-3.)
A
permissão.
B
obrigação.
C
comando.
D
conselho.
E
previsão.