Considerando os aspectos estruturais do texto, tem-se o seguinte:
Leia
o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With
Legal Implications
In
the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children
crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the
United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are
they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these
answers, let’s read the interview.
Q. Does it matter what you call them?
A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are
sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between
the two.
Q. Who is a refugee?
A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his
or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.
Q. What does the distinction mean for European
countries?
A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the
1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees
can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes
temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives
would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in
international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to
situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee
agency said in a statement on Thursday.
Q. Who is a migrant?
A. Anyone moving from one country to another is
considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or
persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and
merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who
have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants
fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the
desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal
islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.
Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?
A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive
without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951
convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to
refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.
Disponível
em:
<https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>. Acesso
em: 15 set. 2015.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With Legal Implications
In the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these answers, let’s read the interview.
Q. Does it matter what you call them?
A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between the two.
Q. Who is a refugee?
A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.
Q. What does the distinction mean for European countries?
A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the 1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee agency said in a statement on Thursday.
Q. Who is a migrant?
A. Anyone moving from one country to another is considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.
Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?
A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951 convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.
Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central: A questão aborda a identificação e uso correto dos tempos verbais em inglês (foco especial no Present Perfect Continuous), além do emprego de modais, voz passiva/ativa e pronomes relativos, tópicos essenciais para vestibulares.
Conceitos essenciais: O Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + verbo -ing) é utilizado para mostrar uma ação iniciada no passado e que permanece no presente, diferente do Present Continuous (am/are/is + verbo -ing), que destaca uma ação em andamento exatamente agora.
Alternativa correta: B
A frase “Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now” está no Present Continuous. A transformação correta para o Present Perfect Continuous é: Thousands have been traveling across the Balkans lately. O uso de lately reforça a ideia de continuidade até o presente. Essa estrutura é pedida em inúmeras bancas de concursos, como VUNESP e CESPE, sendo ponto chave da compreensão gramatical.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A: Erro de modal (“could not” não corresponde a “cannot”), além do futuro will be incorreto diante do condicional would be do original. Além disso, há alteração de sentido: atenção para mudanças sutis em provas, especialmente na voz ativa/passiva.
C: O modal may indica possibilidade presente ou futura, mas nas frases do texto, expressa ideias de situações possíveis no presente. Fique atento: afirmar que “may” indica só futuro é erro recorrente.
D: O pronome relativo which, no contexto citado, retoma a ação anterior (deportação de migrantes), não “legal papers”. Estratégia: busque antecedente por sentido, não apenas por proximidade.
Dica de prova: Em perguntas gramaticais e de interpretação, sublinhe as palavras-chave e traduza (mentalmente) o tempo verbal. Localize sempre a ação principal e seu tempo correto antes de escolher a forma verbal equivalente!
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