Questõesde UNICAMP sobre Inglês
Sobre o texto “The best science images of the year: 2019 in
pictures”, considerando a imagem radiográfica que ele traz,
é correto dizer:
Sobre o texto “The best science images of the year: 2019 in
pictures”, considerando a imagem radiográfica que ele traz,
é correto dizer:
Injured ape
Nisha Gaind (Bureau chief, Europe). This X-ray shows a baby Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) with a fractured arm. Conservation workers rescued the animal, named Brenda, from a village on the Indonesian island where she had reportedly been kept illegally as a pet. As editors, we see lots of photographs of conservation, but this image struck me for many reasons: the ‘humanness’ of Brenda’s shape, her innocence and the dedication of the conservation centre, which flew in a surgeon to operate on the animal.
(N. Gaind e E. Callaway. The best science images of the year: 2019 in
pictures. Nature, v. 576, n. 7787, p. 354–359, 16/12/2019.)
Qual das afirmações abaixo sintetiza corretamente a
discussão sobre os riscos do uso de robôs na função de
clérigos, tal como exposta no texto?
Robot priests can bless you, advise you, and even perform your funeral
By Sigal Samuel Updated Jan 13, 2020, 11:25am EST
A new priest named Mindar is holding forth at Kodaiji, a 400-year-old Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. Like other clergy members, this priest can deliver sermons and move around to interface with worshippers. Mindar is a robot, designed to look like Kannon, the Buddhist deity of mercy, and cost $1 million.
As more religious communities begin to incorporate robotics — in some cases, AI-powered — questions arise about how technology could change our religious experiences. Traditionally, those experiences are valuable in part because they leave room for the spontaneous and surprising, the emotional and even the mystical. That could be lost if we mechanize them.
Another risk has to do with how an AI priest would handle ethical queries. Robots whose algorithms learn from previous data may nudge us toward decisions based on what people have done in the past, incrementally homogenizing answers and narrowing the scope of our spiritual imagination. One could argue, however, that risk also exists with human clergy, since the clergy is bounded too — there’s already a built-in nudging or limiting factor.
AI systems can be particularly problematic in that they often function as black boxes. We typically don’t know what sorts of biases are coded into them or what sorts of human nuance and context they’re failing to understand. A human priest who knows your broader context as a whole person may gather this and give you the right recommendation.
Human clergy members serve as the anchor for a community, bringing people together. They provide human contact, which is in danger of becoming a luxury good as we create robots to more cheaply do the work of people. Robots, notwithstanding, might be able to transcend some social divides, such as race and gender, to enhance community in a way that’s more liberating.
Ultimately, in religion as in other domains, robots and humans are perhaps best understood not as competitors but as collaborators. Each offers something the other lacks.
Os textos 1 e 2 são piadas criadas para despertar o
interesse de crianças em ciência e divulgadas na Internet
para pais e professores. Qual das afirmações abaixo
explica o efeito humorístico obtido em cada texto?
TEXTO 1
(Gemma Danks. Science jokes for kids - with explanations and fun facts. Disponível em https://www.palebluemarbles.com/science-jokesfor-kids/. Acessado em 5/8/2020.)
TEXTO 2
Gemma Danks. Science jokes for kids - with explanations and fun
facts. Disponível em https://www.palebluemarbles.com/science-jokesfor-kids/. Acessado em 5/8/2020.)
Genetic Fortune-Telling
One
day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These reports will offer
predictions about their chances of suffering a heart attack or cancer,
of getting hooked on tobacco, and of being smarter than average.
Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not diagnoses, they could
greatly benefit medicine. For example,
if women at high risk for breast cancer got more mammograms and those at low
risk got fewer, those exams might catch more real cancers and set off fewer
false alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. What if
someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off being screened, and then
develops cancer anyway? Polygenic scores are also controversial because they
can predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can now forecast
about 10 percent of a person’s performance on IQ tests. But how will parents
and educators use that information?
(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology
Review, Março/Abril 2018)
De acordo com o texto, um
dos riscos do prognóstico genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de
Genetic Fortune-Telling
One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering a heart attack or cancer, of getting hooked on tobacco, and of being smarter than average.
Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not diagnoses, they could
greatly benefit medicine. For example,
if women at high risk for breast cancer got more mammograms and those at low
risk got fewer, those exams might catch more real cancers and set off fewer
false alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. What if
someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off being screened, and then
develops cancer anyway? Polygenic scores are also controversial because they
can predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can now forecast
about 10 percent of a person’s performance on IQ tests. But how will parents
and educators use that information?
(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology Review, Março/Abril 2018)
De acordo com o texto, um
dos riscos do prognóstico genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de
empresas usarem as informações para não contratar pessoas que teriam predisposição a certas doenças ou vícios.
a) algumas mulheres descuidarem da prevenção de problemas de saúde para os quais pareciam não estar predispostas.
governos usarem as informações genéticas para negar a certos cidadãos o acesso a serviços de saúde pública.
a) pais e educadores passarem a desconsiderar dados sobre o coeficiente de inteligência de seus filhos ou alunos.
Este cartum foi criado pelo norte-americano Bruce Beattie,
em 2011. Nele, o cartunista faz uso da ironia para
Este cartum foi criado pelo norte-americano Bruce Beattie,
em 2011. Nele, o cartunista faz uso da ironia para
We raise girls to cater to the fragile
egos of men. We teach girls do shrink themselves, to make themselves
smaller. We tell girls ‘You can have
ambition, but not too much’. ‘You
should aim to be successful, but not too successful,
otherwise you will threaten the man’. (…) We teach girls
shame – ‘Close your legs, cover yourself!’. We make them
feel as though by being born female, they’re already guilty
of something. And so, girls grow up to be women who
cannot see they have desire. They grow up to be women
who silence themselves. They grow up to be women who
cannot say what they truly think. And they grow up – and
this is the worst thing we do to girls – to be women who
turn pretense into an art form.
(Adaptado da palestra “We should all be feminists”, 15/07/2009. Disponível em
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg3umXU_qWc&t=797s. Acessado em
14/05/2018.)
O texto anterior reproduz trechos de uma palestra
proferida pela escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie em
2009. Segundo a autora, o fato de serem criadas para
agradar aos homens faz com que as mulheres
We raise girls to cater to the fragile
egos of men. We teach girls do shrink themselves, to make themselves
smaller. We tell girls ‘You can have
ambition, but not too much’. ‘You
should aim to be successful, but not too successful,
otherwise you will threaten the man’. (…) We teach girls
shame – ‘Close your legs, cover yourself!’. We make them
feel as though by being born female, they’re already guilty
of something. And so, girls grow up to be women who
cannot see they have desire. They grow up to be women
who silence themselves. They grow up to be women who
cannot say what they truly think. And they grow up – and
this is the worst thing we do to girls – to be women who
turn pretense into an art form.
(Adaptado da palestra “We should all be feminists”, 15/07/2009. Disponível em https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg3umXU_qWc&t=797s. Acessado em 14/05/2018.)
O texto anterior reproduz trechos de uma palestra proferida pela escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie em 2009. Segundo a autora, o fato de serem criadas para agradar aos homens faz com que as mulheres
Love is not all
By Edna St. Vincent Millay
Love is not all: It is not meat nor drink
Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;
Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink
And rise and sink and rise and sink again;
Love cannot fill the thickened lung with breath,
Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;
Yet many a man is making friends with death
Even as I speak, for lack of love alone.
It well may be that in a difficult hour,
Pinned down by need and moaning for release,
Or nagged by want past resolution's power,
I might be driven to sell your love for peace,
Or trade the memory of this night for food.
It may well be. I do not think I would.
(Disponível em https://www.poemhunter.com/. Acessado em 28/05/2018.)
De acordo com o poema,
Love is not all
By Edna St. Vincent Millay
Love is not all: It is not meat nor drink
Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;
Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink
And rise and sink and rise and sink again;
Love cannot fill the thickened lung with breath,
Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;
Yet many a man is making friends with death
Even as I speak, for lack of love alone.
It well may be that in a difficult hour,
Pinned down by need and moaning for release,
Or nagged by want past resolution's power,
I might be driven to sell your love for peace,
Or trade the memory of this night for food.
It may well be. I do not think I would.
(Disponível em https://www.poemhunter.com/. Acessado em 28/05/2018.)
De acordo com o poema,
O post anterior aponta
O post anterior aponta
Os dizeres da camiseta
Os dizeres da camiseta
‘Yes, I’m Italian – but I’m not loud, I don’t gesticulate and I’m not good with pizza’
Elena Ferrante
I love my country, but I have no patriotic spirit and no national pride. What’s more, I digest pizza poorly, I eat very little spaghetti, I don’t speak in a loud voice, I don’t gesticulate, I hate all mafias, I don’t exclaim “Mamma mia!” National characteristics are simplifications that should be contested. Being Italian, for me, begins and ends with the fact that I speak and write in the Italian language.
Put that way it doesn’t seem like much, but really it’s a lot. A language is a compendium of the history, geography, material and spiritual life, the vices and virtues, not only of those who speak it, but also of those who have spoken it through the centuries. When I say that I’m Italian because I write in Italian, I mean that I’m fully Italian in the only way that I’m willing to attribute to myself a nationality. I don’t like the other ways, especially when they become nationalism, chauvinism, and imperialism.
(Adaptado de Elena Ferrante, ‘Yes, I´m Italian – but I´m not loud, I don´t gesticulate and I´m not good with pizza’, The Guardian, 24/02/2018.)
Transcrevem-se, a seguir, versos de canções brasileiras e de um poema de Vinícius de Moraes. Assinale a alternativa que melhor exemplifica as afirmações de Elena Ferrante.
‘Yes, I’m Italian – but I’m not loud, I don’t gesticulate and I’m not good with pizza’
Elena Ferrante
I love my country, but I have no patriotic spirit and no national pride. What’s more, I digest pizza poorly, I eat very little spaghetti, I don’t speak in a loud voice, I don’t gesticulate, I hate all mafias, I don’t exclaim “Mamma mia!” National characteristics are simplifications that should be contested. Being Italian, for me, begins and ends with the fact that I speak and write in the Italian language.
Put that way it doesn’t seem like much, but really it’s a lot. A language is a compendium of the history, geography, material and spiritual life, the vices and virtues, not only of those who speak it, but also of those who have spoken it through the centuries. When I say that I’m Italian because I write in Italian, I mean that I’m fully Italian in the only way that I’m willing to attribute to myself a nationality. I don’t like the other ways, especially when they become nationalism, chauvinism, and imperialism.
(Adaptado de Elena Ferrante, ‘Yes, I´m Italian – but I´m not loud, I don´t gesticulate and I´m not good with pizza’, The Guardian, 24/02/2018.)
Transcrevem-se, a seguir, versos de canções brasileiras e de um poema de Vinícius de Moraes. Assinale a alternativa que melhor exemplifica as afirmações de Elena Ferrante.
“Eu me sinto um estrangeiro.” (Engenheiros do Hawaii,
“A revolta dos dândis”.)
Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend
BPA retention in the body
When people handle
receipts printed on
thermal paper
containing the
endocrine disruptor
bisphenol A (BPA), the
toxic chemical could
linger in the body for a
week or more. Jonathan
W. Martin of Stockholm University and Jiaying Liu of the
University of Alberta asked six male volunteers to handle
paper containing isotopically labeled BPA for five minutes.
The volunteers then put on nitrile gloves, wore them for two
hours, removed them, and washed their hands with soap.
Afterward, the researchers measured the labeled BPA and
its metabolites in the volunteers’ urine regularly for two
days and then once again a week later. The study only
traced the isotopically labeled (deuterated) BPA and its
metabolites, so any additional BPA exposure from other
sources was not monitored.
(Deirdre Lockwood, Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention
in the body. Chemical & Engineering News, 04/09/2017.)
O texto discorre sobre uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi
Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention in the body
When people handle receipts printed on thermal paper containing the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), the toxic chemical could linger in the body for a week or more. Jonathan W. Martin of Stockholm University and Jiaying Liu of the University of Alberta asked six male volunteers to handle paper containing isotopically labeled BPA for five minutes. The volunteers then put on nitrile gloves, wore them for two hours, removed them, and washed their hands with soap. Afterward, the researchers measured the labeled BPA and its metabolites in the volunteers’ urine regularly for two days and then once again a week later. The study only traced the isotopically labeled (deuterated) BPA and its metabolites, so any additional BPA exposure from other sources was not monitored.
(Deirdre Lockwood, Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention in the body. Chemical & Engineering News, 04/09/2017.)
O texto discorre sobre uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi
Largest prime number discovered: with more than 23m
digits
Known simply as M77232917, the figure is arrived at by
calculating two to the power of 77,232,917 and subtracting
one, leaving a gargantuan string of 23,249,425 digits. The
result is nearly one million digits longer than the previous
record holder discovered in January 2016. The number
belongs to a rare group of so-called Mersenne prime
numbers, named after the 17th century French monk Marin
Mersenne. Like any prime number, a Mersenne prime is
divisible only by itself and one, but is derived by multiplying
twos together over and over before taking away one. The
previous record-holding number was the 49th Mersenne
prime ever found, making the new one the 50th.
(Adaptado de Ian Sample, “Largest prime number discovered: with more than
23m digits”. The Guardian, 04/ 01/2018.)
Considerando as informações contidas no excerto anterior,
qual dos números a seguir é um primo de Mersenne?
Largest prime number discovered: with more than 23m digits
Known simply as M77232917, the figure is arrived at by calculating two to the power of 77,232,917 and subtracting one, leaving a gargantuan string of 23,249,425 digits. The result is nearly one million digits longer than the previous record holder discovered in January 2016. The number belongs to a rare group of so-called Mersenne prime numbers, named after the 17th century French monk Marin Mersenne. Like any prime number, a Mersenne prime is divisible only by itself and one, but is derived by multiplying twos together over and over before taking away one. The previous record-holding number was the 49th Mersenne prime ever found, making the new one the 50th.
(Adaptado de Ian Sample, “Largest prime number discovered: with more than 23m digits”. The Guardian, 04/ 01/2018.)
Considerando as informações contidas no excerto anterior, qual dos números a seguir é um primo de Mersenne?