Questõesde UEG sobre Inglês

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df8be454-f4
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão .



According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the 

A
sixteenth goal is about the promotion of safety and peaceful societies through economic policies.
B
thirteenth and fourteenth goals focus to protect our ecosystems for all societies and our children.
C
fifth and tenth goals are only expressing the fight against gender, poverty and wages inequalities.
D
seventeenth and eleventh goals are promoting actions centered on ecosystems and planet issues.
E
second and fourth goals have their centered actions aimed on economic and growth problems.
df7e32b6-f4
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que

This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


           Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
    Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
        These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

Energy shift

       Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
          For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
        At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
         Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
         Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
          Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

A
o capitalismo, nos últimos anos, tem sido um sistema econômico que tem contribuído de forma relevante para o contínuo desenvolvimento social do planeta.
B
o uso das matérias-primas, exploradas principalmente pelas empresas multinacionais, tem sido equilibrado, causando menores impactos ambientais.
C
mudanças no clima e extinção de espécies no planeta apontam para a busca de meios alternativos para a contenção de desperdício de matéria-prima.
D
o relatório apresentado confirma que o uso de energias alternativas é a melhor forma de se gerar energia sem causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente.
E
há uma notória mudança política e social que está redefinindo o papel do capitalismo para aumentar o crescimento econômico dos países emergentes.
4672b2ed-c3
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

Considering the linguistics aspects presented in the infographic, we verify that

Disponível em: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2015/world-antibiotic-awareness-week/infographics/en/. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.

A
in the sentence Antibiotics resistance happens when bacteria change and became resistant, the term when can be replaced by the word whom.
B
the sentence Patients attends hospital or clinic is in passive voice, and the active voice is presented as “patients are attended in hospital or clinic.”
C
the sentence the antibiotics used to treat the infection they cause, in the interrogative form is “Did the antibiotics used to treat the infection did they cause”.
D
the term which, in the sentence Antibiotics are given to patients, which can result in drug resistant bacteria, refers to, an interrogative pronoun function.
E
the terms unclear and environment are words formed by, in the respective sequence, prefixation and sufixation structures in their vocabulary composition.
4675c065-c3
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considerando-se os elementos de escritura e forma da língua inglesa, constata-se que

Disponível em: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2015/world-antibiotic-awareness-week/infographics/en/. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.

A
seres humanos e animais vivenciam um processo igual para e na criação de resistência a bactérias a partir de um antibiótico.
B
seres humanos que participam da criação de resistência a uma determinada bactéria devem procurar atendimento médico regularmente.
C
tanto nos seres humanos quanto nos animais, o processo de desenvolvimento de resistência das bactérias ao medicamento ocorre nos intestinos.
D
a alimentação, o meio ambiente e o contato direto do ser humano com animais são considerados meios de desenvolvimento de bactérias.
E
estudos têm comprovado que a falta de higiene é considerada a maior causa da proliferação de diversas bactérias.
466e9544-c3
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Tradução | Translation

De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine

Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.


Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?

One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.


What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?

It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate. To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health. 
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine. 

Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
A
health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “registros de saúde e talvez até dados aleatórios da vida diária”.
B
subtle changes in breast tissue over several years pode ser compreendido, em português, como “substanciais mudanças no tecido mamário ao longo dos anos”.
C
what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, em português, pode ser traduzido como “o que nós descrevemos se tornará mais notável no sistema”.
D
to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido por “esquadrinhar através de resmas de dados eletrônicos”.
E
that even a highly trained physician would not see, em português, pode ser traduzido como “que nem mesmo um físico altamente treinado poderia ver”.
466b9498-c3
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Advérbios: definição e usos | Adverbs: definition and uses, Adjetivos | Adjectives, Uso dos adjetivos | Use of adjectives, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions

Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine

Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.


Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?

One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.


What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?

It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate. To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health. 
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine. 

Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
A
na sentença AI system is actually better than standard of care, o termo actually é um advérbio que enfatiza a característica da inteligência artificial.
B
a sentença There has been some interesting work done apresenta-se no passado perfeito contínuo, pois o termo interesting está na forma do gerúndio.
C
o termo clinicians, na sentença these tools are never going to replace clinicians, pode ser substituído por physics, sem alteração do sentido da sentença.
D
o vocábulo can, na sentença it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity, exerce, na língua inglesa, a função de verbo modal subjuntivo.
E
o termo inherently, em patient is inherently a human decision-making process, pode ser substituído por “unnaturally“, sem alteração do sentido da sentença.
46679978-c3
UEG 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering the ideas expressed in the text, artificial intelligence (AI) systems

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine

Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.


Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?

One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.


What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?

It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate. To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health. 
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine. 

Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
A
are going to have the capacity to identify future health problems which physicians may not perceive through the amount of patients’ data.
B
and new technological devices are going to replace the regular professionals on diagnosis through time, only health experts are going to remain.
C
will certainly change the medical procedures through data collected by patients wearable devices which are going to be 24 hours connected to the body.
D
are going to be much more evolved than today and they will make decisions on health care treatments through electronic patient’s health data.
E
will assist doctors decisions on specific surgery situations in which the medical staff have human decisionmaking issues.
6a1a83e8-c4
UEG 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering the ideas expressed in the text, technology

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

The true potential of technology to change behavior

    Technology could successfully change behaviours where decades of campaigns and legislation have failed. With the quantified self already walking among us and the internet of things within easy reach, digital technology is creating unprecedented opportunities to encourage, enable and empower more sustainable behaviours.
    If we are to unlock the power of technology we must be more ambitious than simply digitising analogue strategies or creating another communications channel.
    The true potential of technology lies in its ability to do things that nothing else can do. In behaviour change terms, the potential to succeed where decades of education programmes, awareness campaigns and product innovation have failed; to make a difference where government policy and legislation has had limited impact.
    Using behavioural insights, it is possible to highlight the bottlenecks, drop out points and achilles heels of traditional behaviour change efforts — the reasons why we have failed in the past — and apply the unique possibilities of technology to these specific challenges.

Overcoming our limitations

    Luckily, the history of the human race is almost defined by its ability to invent stuff that bolsters its feeble capabilities. That stuff is, of course, what we generically refer to as 'technology'. And in the same way that the internal combustion engine and the light bulb allow us to overcome our relatively feeble powers of motion and perception, so digital technology can be directed to overcoming our relatively feeble powers of reasoning, selfcontrol, motivation, self-awareness and agency—the factors that make behaviour change so difficult.
    Herein lies the true potential of technology: not in the laboratory or the workshop, but in an understanding of the behavioural dynamics that define the human condition, both generally and within the context of a specific user-group, market segment or community.

Fonte: JOHNSON, Steven. Recognising the true potential of technology to change behaviour. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017. (Adaptado).
A
is changing its technological characteristics according human beings have been changing theirs behavioural aspects.
B
has been a powerful and potential tool to change things which society hasn´t been able to overcome along the decades.
C
is a historic element which has always been directing human beings, in order to help them find ways to make life easier.
D
advances in every decade as a successfully result of the great amount of the campaigns and legislation dedicated to it.
E
has a huge power to unlock distinguished communication channels between companies and consumer society.
6a1d4e70-c4
UEG 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Analisando-se aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

The true potential of technology to change behavior

    Technology could successfully change behaviours where decades of campaigns and legislation have failed. With the quantified self already walking among us and the internet of things within easy reach, digital technology is creating unprecedented opportunities to encourage, enable and empower more sustainable behaviours.
    If we are to unlock the power of technology we must be more ambitious than simply digitising analogue strategies or creating another communications channel.
    The true potential of technology lies in its ability to do things that nothing else can do. In behaviour change terms, the potential to succeed where decades of education programmes, awareness campaigns and product innovation have failed; to make a difference where government policy and legislation has had limited impact.
    Using behavioural insights, it is possible to highlight the bottlenecks, drop out points and achilles heels of traditional behaviour change efforts — the reasons why we have failed in the past — and apply the unique possibilities of technology to these specific challenges.

Overcoming our limitations

    Luckily, the history of the human race is almost defined by its ability to invent stuff that bolsters its feeble capabilities. That stuff is, of course, what we generically refer to as 'technology'. And in the same way that the internal combustion engine and the light bulb allow us to overcome our relatively feeble powers of motion and perception, so digital technology can be directed to overcoming our relatively feeble powers of reasoning, selfcontrol, motivation, self-awareness and agency—the factors that make behaviour change so difficult.
    Herein lies the true potential of technology: not in the laboratory or the workshop, but in an understanding of the behavioural dynamics that define the human condition, both generally and within the context of a specific user-group, market segment or community.

Fonte: JOHNSON, Steven. Recognising the true potential of technology to change behaviour. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 23 ago. 2017. (Adaptado).
A
o termo could, em Technology could successfully change behaviours, pode ser substituído por “should”, sem alteração de sentido.
B
a sentença campaigns and legislation have failed na forma interrogativa seria “Do campaigns and legislation has failed?”
C
os vocábulos successfully e unprecedented são ambos constituídos por prefixação em sua estrutura composional.
D
a sentence legislation has had limited impact na forma negativa apresenta-se como “legislation hasn´t had limited impact”.
E
o vocábulo that, na sentença the factors that make behaviour change so difficult, exerce a função de pronome demonstrativo.
6a22d47c-c4
UEG 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

A
when Neymar was announcing to sign his transfer from Barcelona to PSG, the followers from Twitter, Facebook and Instagram unfollowed Barcelona and followed PSG for Neymar’s cause.
B
infographic data presents an increasing number of social media followers for Barcelona and PSG, on july 28th to august 8th, together they overcome Neymar´s followers at the same period of time.
C
instagram is the most used social media by Barcelona, PSG and Neymar’s followers. If we sum Barcelona and PSG, on july 28th to august 8th, together they overcome Neymar´s Instagram followers presented.
D
verifying the Facebook increasing followers, Facebook country impact in Brazil, France and Egypt, together, is only higher than Barcelona’s Facebook followers on july 28th to august 8th .
E
comparing Barcelona to PSG social media increasing, it is possible to verify that all social PSG medias achieved higher followers increasing than Barcelona’s, on july 28th to august 8th .

6a203c8b-c4
UEG 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Em termos de sentido, verifica se que

A
potential to succeed, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “potencial para suceder”.
B
feeble capabilities pode ser compreendido, na língua portuguesa, como “capacidade eficaz”
C
achilles heels pode ser compreendida, em língua portuguesa, como “calcanhar de Aquiles”.
D
the workshop, em língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “o ambiente de trabalho”.
E
em to overcoming our relatively, o termo “overcome” pode ser traduzido como “reforçar”.
9c096ea3-c5
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que

Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons

    The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.

    The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.

    The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law.

     Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.

    Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.

    Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?

    There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.

A
toward the shared dream, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido por “em direção ao sonho parcial”.
B
to support and strengthen pode ser compreendido, na língua portuguesa, como “dar suporte e fortalecer”.
C
are vaguely worded pode ser compreendido, em português, como “são palavras vagamente descritivas”.
D
Preamble’s acknowledgement pode ser traduzido, em português, como “preâmbulo de conhecimento”.
E
an empty shell, em português, pode ser traduzido como “um assunto temático não compreendido”.
9c0e0f18-c5
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considerando-se os elementos de estrutura e forma da língua inglesa, constata-se que

Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons

    The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.

    The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.

    The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law.

     Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.

    Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.

    Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?

    There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.

A
na expressão the world’s polarization, os termos world’s apresentam a contração entre world e is.
B
na expressão we can do away, o termo can pode ser substituído por “should” sem alterar o sentido.
C
os termos disarmament e agreement são constituídos por prefixação em sua composição vocabular.
D
it exacerbates political tensions, na voz passiva, apresenta-se como political tensions are exacerbated.
E
o termo also, em We also continue our, pode ser substituído por yet sem alteração de sentido na frase.
9c052e64-c5
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information expressed in the text, we verify that

Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons

    The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.

    The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.

    The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law.

     Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.

    Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.

    Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?

    There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.

A
the nuclear disarmament is a step forward into international leaders agreement, but it is a tenue line parting catastrophic consequences and security and peace.
B
the politic and economic country aspects have been equally improving on the last decades, such real world situation indicates an easy understanding for disarmament.
C
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been guiding international agreements on nuclear disarmament between countries with nuclear weapons.
D
the United States of America and North Korea have successfully concerned to find ways to avoid the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the last decades.
E
both, the United States of America and Russia, consider impossible the disarmament in order to preserve and protect to the international peace and security.
9c01abb2-c5
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Analisando os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care 

                                                                                                                    by Tricia Hussung


A wide variety of digital innovations are revolutionizing healthcare — and technology in medicine is here to stay. How are these changes impacting the delivery of care, and what skills are needed to succeed in this bold new world? It’s no secret that, as a society, technology has become a part of our everyday lives. In fact, almost 60 percent of American adults own a smartphone, and 42 percent of that same population (American adults) owns a tablet computer. Though technology has been permeating almost every aspect of our lives, until recent years the medical field has been largely unaffected by the rapid pace of technological innovation that is characteristic of the Digital Age. However, this is changing.


This ubiquity of technology is beginning to extend into the medical field. Advances in medical technology are changing medicine by giving physicians more information — as well as better, more specific data. 


New Medical Technology: Innovations

So just what are these new advances in technology? The following are just a few of the many innovations that have occurred in medical technology over the past year alone. Some of these leading technologies are still being developed, while others are slowly being introduced into mainstream medical practice.


  • The modern hospital experience: Several medical technology companies are looking to update hospital stays to keep pace with the needs of modern patients. To more easily integrate changing technology, these new rooms would feature interchangeable parts that are easily adapted to the specific situation of a patient. The seamless design would have a minimal impact on facility operations while increasing patient comfort and connectivity.
  • Surgery simulation: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute has partnered with the University of Buffalo’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences to create the Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS). This innovation allows real-world views of surgeries while eliminating the need for a live environment to train aspiring surgeons. It gives these medical professionals the space to experiment in a simulated environment, rather than risking making mistakes on real patients.
  • Cloud-based data and software: Applications like referralMD help healthcare providers create referrals digitally and reach millions of patients and providers who are in search of treatment options. The current, paper method of referrals causes almost 50 percent of patient referrals to never actually result in doctor’s visits. This present gap in care “causes patients to lose treatment (and) the healthcare facility to lose money.” Software innovations like these are part of the relatively new field of health informatics, which aims to collect, store, analyze and present health data in a digital format. 

With widespread innovations like these affecting patient care practices, it is not surprising that the way medical records and information are stored and shared is changing as well. These technological advancements are costeffective and improve the ability of medical professionals to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds. Two of the main changes that are revolutionizing the future of healthcare are electronic medical records and health information exchange. Future won´t be the same for medical field. Are you ready for what is coming?


Disponível em:<https://online.king.edu/news/digitizing-healthcare-how-technology-is-improving-medical-care/> . Acesso em: 09 maio 2018. (Adaptado).



A
a sentença skills are needed to succeed apresenta-se na voz passiva no texto; na voz ativa seria “to succed they needed skills”.
B
a sentença medical field has been largely unaffected, na forma interrogativa, seria “does medical field have been largely unaffected?”.
C
o termo widespread, em with widespread innovations like these, pode ser substituído por “widely diffused” sem alterar o sentido da sentença.
D
o vocábulo who, na sentença providers who are in search of treatment options, exerce, na língua inglesa, a função de pronome interrogativo.
E
o vocábulo issues, em to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds, pode ser substituído por “distress”, sem alteração de sentido na sentença.
9bf927d2-c5
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering the ideas expressed in the text, medical practice

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care 

                                                                                                                    by Tricia Hussung


A wide variety of digital innovations are revolutionizing healthcare — and technology in medicine is here to stay. How are these changes impacting the delivery of care, and what skills are needed to succeed in this bold new world? It’s no secret that, as a society, technology has become a part of our everyday lives. In fact, almost 60 percent of American adults own a smartphone, and 42 percent of that same population (American adults) owns a tablet computer. Though technology has been permeating almost every aspect of our lives, until recent years the medical field has been largely unaffected by the rapid pace of technological innovation that is characteristic of the Digital Age. However, this is changing.


This ubiquity of technology is beginning to extend into the medical field. Advances in medical technology are changing medicine by giving physicians more information — as well as better, more specific data. 


New Medical Technology: Innovations

So just what are these new advances in technology? The following are just a few of the many innovations that have occurred in medical technology over the past year alone. Some of these leading technologies are still being developed, while others are slowly being introduced into mainstream medical practice.


  • The modern hospital experience: Several medical technology companies are looking to update hospital stays to keep pace with the needs of modern patients. To more easily integrate changing technology, these new rooms would feature interchangeable parts that are easily adapted to the specific situation of a patient. The seamless design would have a minimal impact on facility operations while increasing patient comfort and connectivity.
  • Surgery simulation: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute has partnered with the University of Buffalo’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences to create the Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS). This innovation allows real-world views of surgeries while eliminating the need for a live environment to train aspiring surgeons. It gives these medical professionals the space to experiment in a simulated environment, rather than risking making mistakes on real patients.
  • Cloud-based data and software: Applications like referralMD help healthcare providers create referrals digitally and reach millions of patients and providers who are in search of treatment options. The current, paper method of referrals causes almost 50 percent of patient referrals to never actually result in doctor’s visits. This present gap in care “causes patients to lose treatment (and) the healthcare facility to lose money.” Software innovations like these are part of the relatively new field of health informatics, which aims to collect, store, analyze and present health data in a digital format. 

With widespread innovations like these affecting patient care practices, it is not surprising that the way medical records and information are stored and shared is changing as well. These technological advancements are costeffective and improve the ability of medical professionals to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds. Two of the main changes that are revolutionizing the future of healthcare are electronic medical records and health information exchange. Future won´t be the same for medical field. Are you ready for what is coming?


Disponível em:<https://online.king.edu/news/digitizing-healthcare-how-technology-is-improving-medical-care/> . Acesso em: 09 maio 2018. (Adaptado).



A
won´t be the same as it was on years before because physicians are going to be more linked and will face a constant updating need with technologies to pace up with leading medical upcoming.
B
is going to be, on surgery simulation, broadcasted through internet from the most modern hospitals and surgery practice classes are going to take advantage of this to train aspiring surgeons.
C
will have drastic changes in hospital which will certainly find ways to offer the newest and the best treatments combined to more comfortable and technological rooms to their patients.
D
is going to be changed because American adults are going to exchange personal medical data with their physicians and through that technology they are going to get individual attendance.
E
will be improved by the innovations in technology or by the Digital Age, making possible that physicians and patients definitely solve health problems which they couldn’t treat on the past.
3e0b6ffe-c4
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Tradução | Translation

Em termos de sentido, verifica se que

Observe o infográfico a seguir e responda a questão.


Disponível em: <http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/see-boschs-contribution-to-industry-4-0-42895.html>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado)
A
self organizing, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “organização uniforme”.
B
world-wide pode ser compreendida, em língua portuguesa, como “ao redor do mundo”.
C
assembly line, em língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “linha de assembleia”.
D
em how it should organize, o termo “should” pode ser traduzido como “supostamente”.
E
em first mechanical loom, o termo “loom”, em português, é compreendido como “tear”.
3e087069-c4
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information expressed in the image and data, the industrial revolution

Observe o infográfico a seguir e responda a questão.


Disponível em: <http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/see-boschs-contribution-to-industry-4-0-42895.html>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado)
A
is changing our way of life. Since 1969 assembly lines are uniquely compounded by computers which automate the whole process and it has increased unemployment around the world.
B
on 18th century used animal traction on their first mechanized manufacturing process to power the textile manufacturing companies and their equipment in England.
C
has achieved an important stage in which the received information by the machinery is the main component to the line production because computers need it in order to manufacture.
D
on 20th century, on the slaughtering industry, used the electric power which was responsible in order to achieve the high efficiency of the emerging meat industry.
E
has influenced the development of workstations which were customized by the new technologies according to the needs and abilities of their operators.
3e05bc95-c4
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

Analisando-se aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Who's driving? Autonomous cars may be entering the most dangerous phase

    Autopilot controls are not yet fully capable of functioning without human intervention – but they’re good enough to lull us into a false sense of security.
    When California police officers approached a Tesla stopped in the centre of a five-lane highway outside San Francisco last week, they found a man asleep at the wheel. The driver, who was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving, told them his car was in “autopilot”, Tesla’s semi-autonomous driver assist system.
    In a separate incident, firefighters in Culver City reported that a Tesla vehicle parked at the rear of their fire truck as it attended an accident on the freeway. Again, the driver said the vehicle was in autopilot.
    The oft-repeated promise of driverless technology is that it will make the roads safer by reducing human error, the primary cause of accidents. However, those vehicles have a long way to go before they can eliminate the drivers. 
    However, research has shown that drivers get lulled into a false sense of security to the point where their minds and gazes start to wander away from the road. People become distracted or preoccupied with their smartphones. So when the car encounters a situation where the human needs to intervene, the driver can be slow to react.
    During tests the IIHS recorded a Mercedes having problems when the lane on the highway forked in two. The radar system locked onto the right-hand exit lane when the driver was trying to go straight.
    Concern over this new type of distracted driving is forcing engineers to introduce additional safety features to compensate. For example, GM has introduced eye-tracking technology to check the driver’s eyes are on the road while Tesla drivers can be locked out of autopilot if they ignore warnings to keep their hands on the steering wheel.
     In spite of these problems, Tesla’s CEO, Elon Musk, remains bullish about his company’s autonomous technology, even suggesting that by 2019 drivers would be able to sleep in their cars – presumably without being arrested by highway patrol officers.

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/24/self-driving-cars-dangerous-period-false-security>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado).
A
o vocábulo who, na sentença The driver, who was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving, pode ser substituido por “which”.
B
na sentença they found a man asleep at the wheel, o vocábulo found exerce a função de verbo, sendo passado simples do verbo “to find”.
C
os vocábulos distracted e preoccupied, na sentença People become distracted or preoccupied with their smartphones, exercem funções de verbos.
D
a sentença the driver said the vehicle was in autopilot, na forma negativa, apresenta-se como “the driver doesn’t say the vehicle was in autopilot”.
E
a sentença research has shown that drivers get lulled, na forma interrogativa, seria “does it have shown that drivers get lulled?” .
3e027536-c4
UEG 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering to the information expressed in the text, autonomous cars

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Who's driving? Autonomous cars may be entering the most dangerous phase

    Autopilot controls are not yet fully capable of functioning without human intervention – but they’re good enough to lull us into a false sense of security.
    When California police officers approached a Tesla stopped in the centre of a five-lane highway outside San Francisco last week, they found a man asleep at the wheel. The driver, who was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving, told them his car was in “autopilot”, Tesla’s semi-autonomous driver assist system.
    In a separate incident, firefighters in Culver City reported that a Tesla vehicle parked at the rear of their fire truck as it attended an accident on the freeway. Again, the driver said the vehicle was in autopilot.
    The oft-repeated promise of driverless technology is that it will make the roads safer by reducing human error, the primary cause of accidents. However, those vehicles have a long way to go before they can eliminate the drivers. 
    However, research has shown that drivers get lulled into a false sense of security to the point where their minds and gazes start to wander away from the road. People become distracted or preoccupied with their smartphones. So when the car encounters a situation where the human needs to intervene, the driver can be slow to react.
    During tests the IIHS recorded a Mercedes having problems when the lane on the highway forked in two. The radar system locked onto the right-hand exit lane when the driver was trying to go straight.
    Concern over this new type of distracted driving is forcing engineers to introduce additional safety features to compensate. For example, GM has introduced eye-tracking technology to check the driver’s eyes are on the road while Tesla drivers can be locked out of autopilot if they ignore warnings to keep their hands on the steering wheel.
     In spite of these problems, Tesla’s CEO, Elon Musk, remains bullish about his company’s autonomous technology, even suggesting that by 2019 drivers would be able to sleep in their cars – presumably without being arrested by highway patrol officers.

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/24/self-driving-cars-dangerous-period-false-security>. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2018. (Adaptado).
A
are attending to the human necessity for driverless technology because people are too busy or preoccupied with their smartphones than driving the cars.
B
are already using eye-tracking technology on Tesla´s cars to alert the driver if they fall on sleep or can´t see clearly if there is any accident or problems on the road ahead.
C
are patented and approved technology by Tesla and their car engineer´s team to provide fully capable of functioning without human intervention.
D
are not fully able to make decisions without the intervention of human because it is not yet a safe technology when driving on the road.
E
have been developed to avoid the accidents which are caused by the distraction by the use of smartphones when driving on road.