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WHAT MAKES US HELP OTHERS? WHAT MAKES US SELFISH?
Kitty (Catherine) Genovese was a 28-year-old New York City woman stabbed to death near her home in the Kew Gardens section of Queens, New York, in 1964. It took her about a half-hour to die, as she crawled on the streets shouting for help. At the time, newspapers reported that over three dozen people saw or heard her crying for help after she was stabbed, but they did nothing. Instead of calling the police, they closed their windows. They did not want to get involved. No one called until the final assault, each of them perhaps thinking that someone else would do it. Eventually, someone did call, but it was too late. Later reports cast doubt on the complete accuracy of the original New York Times story about the incident. That story was based on the initial police report. The number of witnesses who heard the screams may have been closer to a dozen, and the number who actually saw something may be a half-dozen. Still, a half-dozen did not respond, and the incident became a symbol of the alienation of the big city. Sadly, news reports are filled with stories about ordinary humans acting inhumanely as apathetic bystanders. Search for “people ignore man dying on street” in Google, and you will get thousands of results.
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CAN ADDICTION TO SMARTPHONES TRIGGER ADHD?
We measured inattentiveness and hyperactivity by asking participants to identify how frequently they had experienced 18 symptoms of ADHD over each of the two weeks. These items were based on the criteria for diagnosing ADHD in adults as specified by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The results were clear: More frequent phone interruptions made people less attentive and more hyperactive. These findings should concern us. Smartphones are the fastest-selling electronic gadget in history—in the 22 seconds it took to type this sentence, 1,000 smartphones were shipped to their new owners. Even if one of those 1,000 users became more likely to make a careless mistake, ignore a friend in the middle of a conversation or space out during a meeting, smartphones could be harming the productivity, relationships and well-being of millions.
As with all disorders, symptoms of ADHD form a continuum, from the normal to the pathological. Our findings suggest that our incessant digital stimulation is contributing to an increasingly problematic deficit of attention in modern society.
So consider silencing your phone, even when you are not in the movie theater. Your brain will thank you.
www.newswekk.com/can-459362
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Amazon keeps expanding its empire
Elizabeth Weise
Amazon has doubled the number of air freight cargo planes it is leasing, a further build out of its internal delivery system.
Atlas Air Worldwide on Thursday said it had signed an agreement with the Seattle internet retailer to operate 20 Boeing 767 for the company for ten years.
Operations under the agreements are expected to begin in the second half of 2016 and ramp up to full service through 2018, Atlas said.
In addition, Amazon will acquire as much as 20% of Atlas.
The planes will be used to move packages between Amazon’s fulfillment centers, which package goods, to its sortation centers, which sort them into local delivery pallets that can be taken to the Post Office for bulk delivery, the company said.
The planes will also be used by Amazon to move goods between its fulfillment centers across the country to other centers where they are needed for one- and two-day delivery, as no one Amazon center can stock the 20 million items Amazon typically has available for two-day delivery.
The deal isn't surprising, said John Haber, CEO of Spend Management Experts, a supply chain management consulting firm.
“This is just the most recent step in Amazon building out a massive logistics network designed to move more of their transportation and distribution under their direct control," he said.
Available in:<http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2016/05/06/amazon-further-builds-out-air-freight-network/84035574/>
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What does the title of the text mean?
Dreaming brain rhythms lock in memories
It is the clearest evidence to date that REM sleep is critical for memory. By switching off certain brain cells, the researchers silenced a particular, rhythmic type of brain function - without waking the mice. If they did this during REM sleep, the mice failed subsequent memory tests. The research is reported in the journal Science.
According to the strip the expression ‘I stand corrected’ means:
What does this text aim to?
Zika virus makes Rio Olympics a threat in Brazil and abroad, health expert says
Amir Attaran calls for postponement or moving of Games and says biggest risk is spreading the virus to countries without adequate healthcare infrastructure.
As Brazil reels from a spiraling political crisis and its deepest recession in decades, a public health specialist in Canada has added to the country’s woes with a high-profile call for the 2016 summer Olympics – slated to kick off in Rio de Janeiro in early August – to be postponed or moved due to the Zika outbreak. Speaking to the Guardian on Thursday, Attaran described the idea of going ahead with the games as both “indescribably foolish” and “monstrously unethical”. The potential risks to visitors range from braindamaged children to death in rare instances, he added. “Is this what the Olympics stand for?”
Adapted from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/12/rio-olympics-zika-amir-attaran-public-health-threat
I. Old people walk slowly, so they prefer driving.
II. The adaptions mentioned refer not only to elderly but also to obese people.
III. Population is helping to make improvements.
IV. US Policy makers think elderly people should move to smaller cities.
V. There will be more adults than children by 2050.
According to the text, it is CORRECT to state that
Improving with age? How city design is adapting to older populations
There is no denying it: like it or not we are all getting older. According to the UN World Population Prospects
report, the global population of older people is growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2050, for the
first time in human history, there will be more over-65s than children under 15. The number of people over
100 will increase by 1,000%. And as by then 70% of the world’s population will likely live in cites, this will
present huge challenges, and cities will need to adapt. “Small innovations can make a difference,” Recalcati
adds. “Older people are less likely to drive, favouring public transport and walking. The average person
over 65 manages a walking speed of 3km/hour. At 80 that goes down to 2km/hour, compared with the
average for a working age person of 4.8km/hour. Reducing the distance between transport stops, shops,
benches, trees for shade, public toilets and improving pavements and allowing more time to cross the
road all encourage older people to go out.” In the UK, the government has just announced the building
of 10 new towns designed to address ageing and health issues such as obesity. As well as encouraging
more active lifestyles, the designs could include wider pavements, few trip hazards and moving LCD
signs, making the streets easier to navigate for people with dementia and other age-related conditions.
London-based charity Living Streets has also been working alongside communities carrying out street
audits with older residents to see what improvements could be made, as well as campaigning at a strategic
level to influence positive legislative and infrastructure changes. Their project Time to Cross campaigned
to increase pedestrian crossing times which resulted in Transport for London (TfL) agreeing to a
review.
www.thegardian.com/cities/2016/ap/25/improving-with-age-how-city-design-is-adapting-to-older-populations.
I. New smartphones will have power to spare.
II. PowerShake wireless-charging system will help you to charge your out of power smartphone.
III. You have to plug in both phones for 12 seconds.
IV. This new feature will allow you to make a short phone call.
V. The researchers will present this new idea at their university, in San Jose, California.
Read the text and choose the CORRECT option.
Portable devices
Buddy, can you spare a watt?
Trading power could free users from dead-battery tyranny
ONE of the most annoying features of smartphones is that they run out of power just when you need it most. After a day of e-mailing, streaming music, downloading podcasts, watching cat videos and snapping selfies, a device can easily be left without enough charge to make an emergency call. What would help, reckons Paul Worgan of the University of Bristol, in England, is to give portable devices the ability to share some of their power.
Mr Worgan and his colleagues have come up with a wireless-charging system which they call PowerShake. To use it someone holds a phone with an expiring battery against another device—a phone, or even a smartwatch or a fitness band—and this initiates a power transfer from one to the other. Some 12 seconds of contact provides enough juice to make a one-minute telephone call. One minute of contact would allow, say, a four minute music video to be watched. The researchers will present their idea to CHI2016, a conference on computer-human interaction, in San Jose, California, in May.
Available in:<http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21697800-trading-power-could-free-users-dead-batterytyranny-buddy-can-you-spare>
Read the comic strip and answer question:
Based on the comic strip, select the alternatives that are TRUE:
I. In the sentence “I heard you´re gonna be an artist...” “gonna” is the same as “going to”.
II. In the sentence “I heard you´re gonna be an artist...” “gonna” is the same as “want to”.
III. In the sentence “I wanna be an artist” “wanna” is the same as “going to”.
IV. In the sentence “I wanna be an artist” “wanna”
is the same as “want to”.
Will we ever grow replacement hands?
"Over the past few weeks on the BBC News websitewe have looked at the potential for bionic body partsand artificial organs to repair the human body. Now wetake a look at "growing-your-own".There is a pressing need. A shortage of availableorgans means many die on waiting lists and those thatget an organ must spend a lifetime onimmunosuppressant drugs to avoid rejection.
The idea is that using a patient's own stem cells togrow new body parts avoids the whole issue ofrejection as well as waiting for a donor.
Dr Anthony Atala, director of the Institute forRegenerative Medicine at the Wake Forest BaptistMedical Center in North Carolina, US, has madebreakthroughs in building bladders and urethras.
He breaks tissue-building into four levels ofcomplexity.
• Flat structures, such as the skin, are the simplest to engineer as they are generally made up of just the one type of cell.
• Tubes, such as blood vessels and urethras, which have two types of cells and act as a conduit. • Hollow non-tubular organs like the bladder and the stomach, which have more complex structures and functions.
• Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are exponentially more complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.
"We've been able to implant the first three in humans. We don't have any examples yet of solid organs in humans because its much more complex," Dr Atala told the BBC.
Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-16679010 June 2012.
Based on the reading, select the alternatives that are CORRECT.
I. BBC news website is still showing programs on the potential for bionic body parts and artificial organs to repair the human body.
II. According to the BBC News article, there is a strong necessity for "growing-your-own" organs.
III. Many patients die on waiting lists due to disorganization and lack of donors.
IV. Dr. Atala has made important contributions in
building bladders and urethras.
Will we ever grow replacement hands?
"Over the past few weeks on the BBC News websitewe have looked at the potential for bionic body partsand artificial organs to repair the human body. Now wetake a look at "growing-your-own".There is a pressing need. A shortage of availableorgans means many die on waiting lists and those thatget an organ must spend a lifetime onimmunosuppressant drugs to avoid rejection.
The idea is that using a patient's own stem cells togrow new body parts avoids the whole issue ofrejection as well as waiting for a donor.
Dr Anthony Atala, director of the Institute forRegenerative Medicine at the Wake Forest BaptistMedical Center in North Carolina, US, has madebreakthroughs in building bladders and urethras.
He breaks tissue-building into four levels ofcomplexity.
• Flat structures, such as the skin, are the simplest to engineer as they are generally made up of just the one type of cell.
• Tubes, such as blood vessels and urethras, which have two types of cells and act as a conduit. • Hollow non-tubular organs like the bladder and the stomach, which have more complex structures and functions.
• Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are exponentially more complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.
"We've been able to implant the first three in humans. We don't have any examples yet of solid organs in humans because its much more complex," Dr Atala told the BBC.
Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-16679010 June 2012.
Analyze the following setence from the text:
“Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are exponentially more complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.”
The expressions in bold print “the most complex” and “more complex” are examples of superlative and comparative structures. Select the alternatives that provide other examples of superlative and comparative sentences:
I. It has been selected as the best hospital in the state.
II. The treatment was highly expensive and extra medication was necessary.
III. The treatment is more effective on younger patients.
IV. Most of the time the effects of the medication are
hard to notice.
Will we ever grow replacement hands?
"Over the past few weeks on the BBC News websitewe have looked at the potential for bionic body partsand artificial organs to repair the human body. Now wetake a look at "growing-your-own".There is a pressing need. A shortage of availableorgans means many die on waiting lists and those thatget an organ must spend a lifetime onimmunosuppressant drugs to avoid rejection.
The idea is that using a patient's own stem cells togrow new body parts avoids the whole issue ofrejection as well as waiting for a donor.
Dr Anthony Atala, director of the Institute forRegenerative Medicine at the Wake Forest BaptistMedical Center in North Carolina, US, has madebreakthroughs in building bladders and urethras.
He breaks tissue-building into four levels ofcomplexity.
• Flat structures, such as the skin, are the simplest to engineer as they are generally made up of just the one type of cell.
• Tubes, such as blood vessels and urethras, which have two types of cells and act as a conduit. • Hollow non-tubular organs like the bladder and the stomach, which have more complex structures and functions.
• Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are exponentially more complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.
"We've been able to implant the first three in humans. We don't have any examples yet of solid organs in humans because its much more complex," Dr Atala told the BBC.
Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-16679010 June 2012.
