Questões2017

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Opportunity Cost

This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.

This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin.

One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues.

SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

IS A VEGAN DIET HEALTHY?

By Mary Lynch

    As a registered nutritionist, the question “Is the vegan diet healthy?” is one I get all the time, especially at this time of year.

    Frustratingly, the answer is that it depends as much on what you eat as with any other diet. Someone living purely on ready salted crisps or chips, for example, would be technically following a vegan diet, but it would in no way be healthy.

    However, research shows that there are potential benefits to a vegan diet. A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing meat. In addition, statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (height-to-weight ratio) than meat eaters – in other words, they are skinnier.

    You see, a diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. We also know that fat contains more calories per gram than other foods, and so vegans may consume fewer calories as a result. Finally, a vegan diet is generally thought to contain more cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds than a non¬vegan diet.

    Sounds   great   right?   Not   quite.   In   terms   of   micronutrients,   a   vegan   diet   is   actually   more susceptible to being nutritionally poor. A vegan diet is naturally low in calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, if you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may even need to take additional supplements. We have many recipes suitable for vegans that can help, just check out our vegan section. In our features we also have this traditional hummus recipe, which contains tahini – a good source of calcium, zinc and iron, which are all micronutrients hard to get a hold of on a vegan diet.

    So there you have it: going vegan does not necessarily mean you are going to be healthier. In fact, I think that much of the improvement in diets among vegans is a result of education rather than going meat free. In other words, if someone chooses to go vegan they are more likely to care about what they are eating and therefore are more likely to educate themselves on the types of foods they should and should not be eating.

From: https://goo.gl/AwDYY7. Accessed on 03/22/2017.

IS A VEGAN DIET HEALTHY?

By Mary Lynch

    As a registered nutritionist, the question “Is the vegan diet healthy?” is one I get all the time, especially at this time of year.

    Frustratingly, the answer is that it depends as much on what you eat as with any other diet. Someone living purely on ready salted crisps or chips, for example, would be technically following a vegan diet, but it would in no way be healthy.

    However, research shows that there are potential benefits to a vegan diet. A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing meat. In addition, statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (height-to-weight ratio) than meat eaters – in other words, they are skinnier.

    You see, a diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. We also know that fat contains more calories per gram than other foods, and so vegans may consume fewer calories as a result. Finally, a vegan diet is generally thought to contain more cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds than a non¬vegan diet.

    Sounds   great   right?   Not   quite.   In   terms   of   micronutrients,   a   vegan   diet   is   actually   more susceptible to being nutritionally poor. A vegan diet is naturally low in calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, if you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may even need to take additional supplements. We have many recipes suitable for vegans that can help, just check out our vegan section. In our features we also have this traditional hummus recipe, which contains tahini – a good source of calcium, zinc and iron, which are all micronutrients hard to get a hold of on a vegan diet.

    So there you have it: going vegan does not necessarily mean you are going to be healthier. In fact, I think that much of the improvement in diets among vegans is a result of education rather than going meat free. In other words, if someone chooses to go vegan they are more likely to care about what they are eating and therefore are more likely to educate themselves on the types of foods they should and should not be eating.

From: https://goo.gl/AwDYY7. Accessed on 03/22/2017.

IS A VEGAN DIET HEALTHY?

By Mary Lynch

    As a registered nutritionist, the question “Is the vegan diet healthy?” is one I get all the time, especially at this time of year.

    Frustratingly, the answer is that it depends as much on what you eat as with any other diet. Someone living purely on ready salted crisps or chips, for example, would be technically following a vegan diet, but it would in no way be healthy.

    However, research shows that there are potential benefits to a vegan diet. A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing meat. In addition, statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (height-to-weight ratio) than meat eaters – in other words, they are skinnier.

    You see, a diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. We also know that fat contains more calories per gram than other foods, and so vegans may consume fewer calories as a result. Finally, a vegan diet is generally thought to contain more cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds than a non¬vegan diet.

    Sounds   great   right?   Not   quite.   In   terms   of   micronutrients,   a   vegan   diet   is   actually   more susceptible to being nutritionally poor. A vegan diet is naturally low in calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, if you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may even need to take additional supplements. We have many recipes suitable for vegans that can help, just check out our vegan section. In our features we also have this traditional hummus recipe, which contains tahini – a good source of calcium, zinc and iron, which are all micronutrients hard to get a hold of on a vegan diet.

    So there you have it: going vegan does not necessarily mean you are going to be healthier. In fact, I think that much of the improvement in diets among vegans is a result of education rather than going meat free. In other words, if someone chooses to go vegan they are more likely to care about what they are eating and therefore are more likely to educate themselves on the types of foods they should and should not be eating.

From: https://goo.gl/AwDYY7. Accessed on 03/22/2017.

IS A VEGAN DIET HEALTHY?

By Mary Lynch

    As a registered nutritionist, the question “Is the vegan diet healthy?” is one I get all the time, especially at this time of year.

    Frustratingly, the answer is that it depends as much on what you eat as with any other diet. Someone living purely on ready salted crisps or chips, for example, would be technically following a vegan diet, but it would in no way be healthy.

    However, research shows that there are potential benefits to a vegan diet. A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing meat. In addition, statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (height-to-weight ratio) than meat eaters – in other words, they are skinnier.

    You see, a diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. We also know that fat contains more calories per gram than other foods, and so vegans may consume fewer calories as a result. Finally, a vegan diet is generally thought to contain more cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds than a non¬vegan diet.

    Sounds   great   right?   Not   quite.   In   terms   of   micronutrients,   a   vegan   diet   is   actually   more susceptible to being nutritionally poor. A vegan diet is naturally low in calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, if you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may even need to take additional supplements. We have many recipes suitable for vegans that can help, just check out our vegan section. In our features we also have this traditional hummus recipe, which contains tahini – a good source of calcium, zinc and iron, which are all micronutrients hard to get a hold of on a vegan diet.

    So there you have it: going vegan does not necessarily mean you are going to be healthier. In fact, I think that much of the improvement in diets among vegans is a result of education rather than going meat free. In other words, if someone chooses to go vegan they are more likely to care about what they are eating and therefore are more likely to educate themselves on the types of foods they should and should not be eating.

From: https://goo.gl/AwDYY7. Accessed on 03/22/2017.

ESPINHOS E FLORES

Os subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro são a mais curiosa cousa em matéria de edificação de cidade. A topografia do local, caprichosamente montuosa, influiu decerto para tal aspecto, mais influíram, porém, os azares das construções. Nada mais irregular, mais caprichoso, mais sem plano qualquer, pode ser imaginado. As casas surgiam como se fossem semeadas ao vento e, conforme as casas, as ruas se fizeram. Há algumas delas que começam largas como boulevards e acabam estreitas que nem vielas; dão voltas, circuitos inúteis e parecem fugir ao alinhamento reto com um ódio tenaz e sagrado. Às vezes se sucedem na mesma direção com uma frequência irritante, outras se afastam, e deixam de permeio um longo intervalo coeso e fechado de casas. Num trecho, há casas amontoadas umas sobre outras numa angústia de espaço desoladora, logo adiante um vasto campo abre ao nosso olhar uma ampla perspectiva.

Marcham assim ao acaso as edificações e conseguintemente o arruamento. Há casas de todos os gostos e construídas de todas as formas. Vai-se por uma rua a ver um correr de chalets, de porta e janela, parede de frontal, humildes e acanhados, de repente se nos depara uma casa burguesa, dessas de compoteiras na cimalha rendilhada, a se erguer sobre um porão alto com mezaninos gradeados. Passada essa surpresa, olha-se acolá e dá-se com uma choupana de pau-a-pique, coberta de zinco ou mesmo palha, em torno da qual formiga uma população; adiante, é uma velha casa de roça, com varanda e colunas de estilo pouco classificável, que parece vexada a querer ocultar-se, diante daquela onda de edifícios disparatados e novos. Não há nos nossos subúrbios cousa alguma que nos lembre os famosos das grandes cidades européias, com as suas vilas de ar repousado e satisfeito, as suas estradas e ruas macadamizadas e cuidadas, nem mesmo se encontram aqueles jardins, cuidadinhos, aparadinhos, penteados, porque os nossos, se os há, são em geral pobres, feios e desleixados.

Os cuidados municipais também são variáveis e caprichosos. Às vezes, nas ruas, há passeios em certas partes e outras não; algumas vias de comunicação são calçadas e outras da mesma importância estão ainda em estado de natureza. Encontra-se aqui um pontilhão bem cuidado sobre um rio seco e passos além temos que atravessar um ribeirão sobre uma pinguela de trilhos mal juntos. Há pelas ruas damas elegantes, com sedas e brocados, evitando a custo que a lama ou o pó lhes empane o brilho do vestido; há operário de tamancos; há peralvilhos à última moda; há mulheres de chita; e assim pela tarde, quando essa gente volta do trabalho ou do passeio, a mescla se faz numa mesma rua, num quarteirão, e quase sempre o mais bem posto não é que entra na melhor casa. Além disto, os subúrbios têm mais aspectos interessantes, sem falar no namoro epidêmico e no espiritismo endêmico; as casas de cômodos (quem as suporia lá!) constituem um deles bem inédito. Casas que mal dariam para uma pequena família, são divididas, subdivididas, e os minúsculos aposentos assim obtidos, alugados à população miserável da cidade. Aí, nesses caixotins humanos, é que se encontra a fauna menos observada da nossa vida, sobre a qual a miséria paira com um rigor londrino. Não se podem imaginar profissões mais tristes e mais inopinadas da gente que habita tais caixinhas. Além dos serventes de repartições, contínuos de escritórios, podemos deparar velhas fabricantes de rendas de bilros, compradores de garrafas vazias, castradores de gatos, cães e galos, mandingueiros, catadores de ervas medicinais, enfim, uma variedade de profissões miseráveis que as nossas pequena e grande burguesias não podem adivinhar. Às vezes, num cubículo desses se amontoa uma família, e há ocasiões em que os seus chefes vão a pé para a cidade por falta do níquel do trem. Ricardo Coração dos Outros morava em uma pobre casa de cômodos de um dos subúrbios. Não era das sórdidas, mas era uma casa de cômodos dos subúrbios. Desde anos que ele a habitava e gostava da casa que ficava trepada sobre uma colina, olhando da janela do seu quarto para uma ampla extensão edificada que ia da Piedade a Todos os Santos.

Vistos assim do alto, os subúrbios têm a sua graça. As casas pequeninas, pintadas de azul, de branco, de oca, engastadas nas comas verde-negras das mangueiras, tendo de permeio, aqui e ali, um coqueiro ou uma palmeira, alta e soberba, fazem a vista boa e a falta de percepção do desenho das ruas põe no programa um sabor de confusão democrática, de solidariedade perfeita entre as gentes que as habitavam; e o trem minúsculo, rápido, atravessa tudo aquilo, dobrando à esquerda, inclinando-se para a direita, muito flexível nas suas grandes vértebras de carros, como uma cobra entre pedrouços. Era daquela janela que Ricardo espraiava as suas alegrias, as suas satisfações, os seus triunfos e também os seus sofrimentos e mágoas. Ainda agora estava ele lá, debruçado no peitoril, com a mão em concha no queixo, colhendo com a vista uma grande parte daquela bela, grande e original cidade, capital de um grande país, de que ele a modos que era e se sentia ser, a alma, consubstanciado os seus tênues sonhos e desejos em versos discutíveis, mas que a plangência do violão, se não lhes dava sentido, dava um quê de balbucio, de queixume dorido da pátria criança ainda, ainda na sua formação... Em que pensava ele? Não pensava só, sofria também. Aquele tal preto continuava na sua mania de querer fazer a modinha dizer alguma cousa, e tinha adeptos. Alguns já o citavam como rival dele, Ricardo; outros já afirmavam que o tal rapaz deixava longe o Coração dos Outros, e alguns mais – ingratos! – já esqueciam os trabalhos, o tenaz trabalhar de Ricardo Coração dos Outros em prol do levantamento da modinha e do violão, e nem nomeavam o abnegado obreiro.

(Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, pp.160­-165)

ESPINHOS E FLORES

Os subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro são a mais curiosa cousa em matéria de edificação de cidade. A topografia do local, caprichosamente montuosa, influiu decerto para tal aspecto, mais influíram, porém, os azares das construções. Nada mais irregular, mais caprichoso, mais sem plano qualquer, pode ser imaginado. As casas surgiam como se fossem semeadas ao vento e, conforme as casas, as ruas se fizeram. Há algumas delas que começam largas como boulevards e acabam estreitas que nem vielas; dão voltas, circuitos inúteis e parecem fugir ao alinhamento reto com um ódio tenaz e sagrado. Às vezes se sucedem na mesma direção com uma frequência irritante, outras se afastam, e deixam de permeio um longo intervalo coeso e fechado de casas. Num trecho, há casas amontoadas umas sobre outras numa angústia de espaço desoladora, logo adiante um vasto campo abre ao nosso olhar uma ampla perspectiva.

Marcham assim ao acaso as edificações e conseguintemente o arruamento. Há casas de todos os gostos e construídas de todas as formas. Vai-se por uma rua a ver um correr de chalets, de porta e janela, parede de frontal, humildes e acanhados, de repente se nos depara uma casa burguesa, dessas de compoteiras na cimalha rendilhada, a se erguer sobre um porão alto com mezaninos gradeados. Passada essa surpresa, olha-se acolá e dá-se com uma choupana de pau-a-pique, coberta de zinco ou mesmo palha, em torno da qual formiga uma população; adiante, é uma velha casa de roça, com varanda e colunas de estilo pouco classificável, que parece vexada a querer ocultar-se, diante daquela onda de edifícios disparatados e novos. Não há nos nossos subúrbios cousa alguma que nos lembre os famosos das grandes cidades européias, com as suas vilas de ar repousado e satisfeito, as suas estradas e ruas macadamizadas e cuidadas, nem mesmo se encontram aqueles jardins, cuidadinhos, aparadinhos, penteados, porque os nossos, se os há, são em geral pobres, feios e desleixados.

Os cuidados municipais também são variáveis e caprichosos. Às vezes, nas ruas, há passeios em certas partes e outras não; algumas vias de comunicação são calçadas e outras da mesma importância estão ainda em estado de natureza. Encontra-se aqui um pontilhão bem cuidado sobre um rio seco e passos além temos que atravessar um ribeirão sobre uma pinguela de trilhos mal juntos. Há pelas ruas damas elegantes, com sedas e brocados, evitando a custo que a lama ou o pó lhes empane o brilho do vestido; há operário de tamancos; há peralvilhos à última moda; há mulheres de chita; e assim pela tarde, quando essa gente volta do trabalho ou do passeio, a mescla se faz numa mesma rua, num quarteirão, e quase sempre o mais bem posto não é que entra na melhor casa. Além disto, os subúrbios têm mais aspectos interessantes, sem falar no namoro epidêmico e no espiritismo endêmico; as casas de cômodos (quem as suporia lá!) constituem um deles bem inédito. Casas que mal dariam para uma pequena família, são divididas, subdivididas, e os minúsculos aposentos assim obtidos, alugados à população miserável da cidade. Aí, nesses caixotins humanos, é que se encontra a fauna menos observada da nossa vida, sobre a qual a miséria paira com um rigor londrino. Não se podem imaginar profissões mais tristes e mais inopinadas da gente que habita tais caixinhas. Além dos serventes de repartições, contínuos de escritórios, podemos deparar velhas fabricantes de rendas de bilros, compradores de garrafas vazias, castradores de gatos, cães e galos, mandingueiros, catadores de ervas medicinais, enfim, uma variedade de profissões miseráveis que as nossas pequena e grande burguesias não podem adivinhar. Às vezes, num cubículo desses se amontoa uma família, e há ocasiões em que os seus chefes vão a pé para a cidade por falta do níquel do trem. Ricardo Coração dos Outros morava em uma pobre casa de cômodos de um dos subúrbios. Não era das sórdidas, mas era uma casa de cômodos dos subúrbios. Desde anos que ele a habitava e gostava da casa que ficava trepada sobre uma colina, olhando da janela do seu quarto para uma ampla extensão edificada que ia da Piedade a Todos os Santos.

Vistos assim do alto, os subúrbios têm a sua graça. As casas pequeninas, pintadas de azul, de branco, de oca, engastadas nas comas verde-negras das mangueiras, tendo de permeio, aqui e ali, um coqueiro ou uma palmeira, alta e soberba, fazem a vista boa e a falta de percepção do desenho das ruas põe no programa um sabor de confusão democrática, de solidariedade perfeita entre as gentes que as habitavam; e o trem minúsculo, rápido, atravessa tudo aquilo, dobrando à esquerda, inclinando-se para a direita, muito flexível nas suas grandes vértebras de carros, como uma cobra entre pedrouços. Era daquela janela que Ricardo espraiava as suas alegrias, as suas satisfações, os seus triunfos e também os seus sofrimentos e mágoas. Ainda agora estava ele lá, debruçado no peitoril, com a mão em concha no queixo, colhendo com a vista uma grande parte daquela bela, grande e original cidade, capital de um grande país, de que ele a modos que era e se sentia ser, a alma, consubstanciado os seus tênues sonhos e desejos em versos discutíveis, mas que a plangência do violão, se não lhes dava sentido, dava um quê de balbucio, de queixume dorido da pátria criança ainda, ainda na sua formação... Em que pensava ele? Não pensava só, sofria também. Aquele tal preto continuava na sua mania de querer fazer a modinha dizer alguma cousa, e tinha adeptos. Alguns já o citavam como rival dele, Ricardo; outros já afirmavam que o tal rapaz deixava longe o Coração dos Outros, e alguns mais – ingratos! – já esqueciam os trabalhos, o tenaz trabalhar de Ricardo Coração dos Outros em prol do levantamento da modinha e do violão, e nem nomeavam o abnegado obreiro.

(Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, pp.160­-165)