Questõesde PUC - RJ 2013 sobre Inglês

1
1
1
Foram encontradas 50 questões
305011f1-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’


The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:


1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.


2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.


3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.


4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.



In the definition transcribed in number 2, the characterization “...countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight.” contains


A
a metaphor to convey that such countries, mostly in Africa, are known for the wild elephants that wander over their territory.
B
an image to reveal that the countries are similar to strong plants that withstand the weight of strong wild animals.
C
an analogy to convey the idea that elephants destroy countries that are covered by forest and grass plains.
D
a connotative expression that conveys the idea that smaller and less powerful countries are like elephants in that they take time and resist moving away from their original role in international affairs.
E
a reference to a proverb used to convey that the big nations have long dominated other countries that are now struggling to find power in the international arena.
304b6f24-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’


The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:


1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.


2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.


3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.


4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.



In the definition transcribed in number 1 , the fragment “Despite their relative decline (…) they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.” means that


A
due to the fact that the Great Powers have been facing political and economic deterioration, they have been imposing the entrance of new international powers to their private club.
B
even though the Great Powers have been experiencing adversity, they are still capable of deciding those which will gain access to the select group of international governments.
C
given that the Great Powers have been dealing with recession, their power as decision-makers in the international community has been challenged.
D
in spite of the Great Powers’ adverse political situation, international powers still consider them mighty and inspiring models.
E
because the Great Powers cannot detain the access of new regimes to their once highly exclusive group, they have been enduring relative economic recession.
3040f2f9-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last section of the article, lines 151-171, the author states that


A
Brazil’s diplomatic attitude is a huge menace to the international policies adopted by the powerful nations of the globe.
B
Brazil’s perspective on international issues at present is quite aligned with that undertaken by all of the traditional powerful nations of the northern hemisphere.
C
the Brazilian foreign affairs ministry is very good at negotiating and leading different nations into a consensual position, as long as this perspective is aligned with its own.
D
nations in the North which have held powerful positions internationally have employed very impressive and efficient approaches to reach global consensus on relevant issues.
E
Brazil will only be a beneficial player in international issues if nations from the North maintain their own stand in issues that involve economic and financial negotiations.
304747e6-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’


The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:


1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.


2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.


3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.


4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.


The sequence that matches the category with its definition is:


A

1. The established powers

2. Small and marginalized actors

3. Private actors

4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance

B

1. Small and marginalized actors

2. The established powers

3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance

4. Private actors

C

1. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance

2. Small and marginalized actors

3. The established powers

4. Private actors

D

1. The established powers

2. Private actors

3. Small and marginalized actors

4. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance

E

1. Small and marginalized actors

2. Private actors

3. International organizations and other mechanisms of global Governance

4. The established powers

303af054-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

In “The interesting point is that this may present more of an opportunity than a threat…” (lines 160-161), ‘may present’ is replaced without change in meaning by


A
can present.
B
will present.
C
should present.
D
has to present.
E
needs to present.
30357a07-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The fragment “Brazilian musician Tom Jobim’s line that ‘Brazil is not for beginners’” (lines 143-144) is used by the author to


A
contest Tom Jobim’s statement with the counterarguments that Brazilian foreign policy is totally transparent.
B
justify that Itamaraty is eager to communicate new ideas of which the dissemination of Brazilian culture and music is essential.
C
reinforce the idea that Brazil is not always easy to understand since the essence of its foreign policy issues lies beyond superficial impressions.
D
make an appealing literary reference for international readers to understand how Brazilian musicians in general view their own society.
E
reveal that Brazilian policy makers strictly endorse northern Atlantic viewpoints in addressing international affairs that are discussed in the Itamaraty rounds.
30306f55-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

An appropriate explanation of the expression taken from the text is found in


A
“value-creating negotiator” (line 49) refers to Brazil as a mediator that values international creations.
B
“decision-making tables” (line 83) refers to decisions that are made under the table.
C
“decision-influencing power” (lines 84-85) conveys the idea of an authority that dominates the nations that decide.
D
“long-standing ambition” (line 87) conveys the idea of an ambition that is enduring.
E
“wider pan-southern interaction” (line 106) conveys the idea of pan-southern countries that are unwilling to relate to each other.
302a935f-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Presente perfeito progressivo | Present perfect continuous

In the fragment “For the last 20 years Itamaraty has been working to position Brazil as a leader of first South America and then the global South.” (lines 100-102), ‘has been working’ expresses


A
a finished action in the past.
B
an action that finished very recently.
C
an action in progress at a moment in the past.
D
a past action which has a result in the present.
E
an action which started in the past and continues in the present.
e8279362-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The word “Although” (. l 93) introduces


A
an additional idea.
B
an opposing idea.
C
a conclusion.
D
an example.
E
a chronological order.
3023b60d-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In “…invitations to participate or approaches to consult on policy issues need to be rethought.” (lines 149-151), the writer expresses a(an)


A
logical necessity.
B
improbable guess.
C
slight probability.
D
concrete possibility.
E
unquestionable truth.
301a69bb-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

In terms of pronominal reference,


A
‘This’ in “This translates on a formal level into a highly juridical culture with strong contending regional and political factions…” (lines 17-19) refers to “avenue” (line 16)
B
‘They’ in “Brazil’s preference is that they cause little alteration in the core rules and regimes” (lines 139-140) refers to “power and influence” (lines 138-139)
C
‘Which’ in “which have a reputation for often using a blunt stick and a very small carrot to gain consent.” (lines 158-160) refers to “issues” (line 157)
D
‘Those’ in “...align remarkably well with those of other major powers” (lines 163-164) refers to “interests and ambitions” (line 163)
E
‘Their’ in “learn a new variation on their existing themes of global governance.” (lines 170-171) refers to “issues” (line 168)
e82245a3-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to a safety engineer working on the project, for autonomous parking to work, most of the technology involved has to be in the car itself. One device which is NOT present in the Swedish test car is


A
a radar.
B
a camera.
C
a lidar system.
D
a GPS mapping.
E
a smartphone application.
301464f6-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

The word in bold is substituted by the word in parentheses, without change in meaning, in


A
“…because the competing interests found in global talks have been reconciled during the formulation of their own national position.” – lines 24-26 (meanwhile)
B
“It would thus seem that Brazil is ideally positioned to be the prototypical bridge-builder,” – lines 35-37 (furthermore)
C
“…working diligently to ensure stability and predictability in the face of rising tensions between major powers as well as the North and the global South.” – lines 37-40 (at the expense of)
D
“but rather to gain an important seat with decisioninfluencing power that will allow the advancement of its own interests while retarding initiatives it sees as inimical.” – lines 83-86 (whenever)
E
“Brazil’s core interests and ambitions align remarkably well with those of other major powers; and, moreover, pursuit of these interests has been undertaken…” – lines 162-165 (besides)
e81d5e69-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Pronome demonstrativo | Demonstrative pronoun, Pronomes | Pronouns

In the fragment, “The ordinary-looking models (…) likely to be encountered on roads” (. 74-78), the demonstrative “These” refers to


A
cameras.
B
models.
C
signs.
D
obstacles.
E
systems.
e818202b-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

In “They have put a fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads” (. l 65-66), “a fleet” could be replaced by


A
a task.
B
a project.
C
a test.
D
a group.
E
an assignment.
300fc4d6-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “But when examined on a deeper level, the country bears more resemblance to a distributive, value-claiming actor.” (lines 50-52) the expression ‘to bear resemblance to’ means


A
to contrast with.
B
to be similar to.
C
to be different from.
D
to be incompatible with.
E
to show unlikeness with.
e8125ab4-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The statement “A number of carmakers are developing wireless networking systems (…) if an accident looks likely” (. l 50-54) shows that the manufacturers’ objective is


A
to simplify car parking.
B
to make cheaper cars.
C
to beautify cars.
D
to assure safety.
E
to allow drivers to sleep.
300997ea-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The argumentation presented in the fragment “The sort of institutional machinations seen in the inter-American system and the UN form an important part of the foreign policy strategy of making Brazil the conduit for regional coordination and wider pan-southern interaction.” (lines 102-106) reveals


A
a hypothesis to be refuted.
B
an attitude to achieve a specific result.
C
an emphatic support of an illegal tactic.
D
a comparison between different methods.
E
the solution to an insurmountable problem.
e80baaac-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The phrase “a chicken-and-egg problem” (.l 30) expresses the idea of


A
precedence of investments in infrastructure or in the number of equipped cars.
B
investments on infrastructure only.
C
investments on a biodegradable fuel development.
D
one decisive matter for the project to succeed.
E
the failure that the project will definitely be.
30029021-3b
PUC - RJ 2013 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the fragments “the country exports advanced passenger aircraft and high fashion design while simultaneously grappling with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty” (lines 10-13) and “The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.” (lines 52-55), ‘grappling with’ and carry off’ mean, respectively:


A
dealing with – assume
B
suppressing – get through
C
drawing away – achieve
D
withstanding – give up
E
coping with – neglect