Questão 304b6f24-3b
Prova:PUC - RJ 2013
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’


The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:


1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.


2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.


3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.


4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.



In the definition transcribed in number 1 , the fragment “Despite their relative decline (…) they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.” means that


A
due to the fact that the Great Powers have been facing political and economic deterioration, they have been imposing the entrance of new international powers to their private club.
B
even though the Great Powers have been experiencing adversity, they are still capable of deciding those which will gain access to the select group of international governments.
C
given that the Great Powers have been dealing with recession, their power as decision-makers in the international community has been challenged.
D
in spite of the Great Powers’ adverse political situation, international powers still consider them mighty and inspiring models.
E
because the Great Powers cannot detain the access of new regimes to their once highly exclusive group, they have been enduring relative economic recession.

Estatísticas

Aulas sobre o assunto

Questões para exercitar

Artigos relacionados

Dicas de estudo