Questõesde CESMAC sobre Inglês

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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Hormonal contraceptives

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Women taking pill more likely to be treated for depression, study finds
Millions of women worldwide use hormonal contraceptives, and there have long been reports that they can affect mood. A research project was launched in Denmark to look at the scale of the problem, involving the medical records of more than a million women and adolescent girls.

It found that those on the combined pill were 23% more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant by their doctor, most commonly in the first six months after starting on the pill. Women on the progestin-only pills, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, were 34% more likely to take antidepressants or get a first diagnosis of depression than those not on hormonal contraception.

The study found that not only women taking pills but also those with implants, patches and intrauterine devices were affected.

Adolescent girls appeared to be at highest risk. Those taking combined pills were 80% more likely and those on progestin-only pills more than twice as likely to be prescribed an antidepressant than their peers who were not on the pill.

The researchers, Øjvind Lidegaard of the University of Copenhagen and colleagues, point out that women are twice as likely to suffer from depression in their lifetime as men, though rates are equal before puberty. The fluctuating levels of the two female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, have been implicated. Studies have suggested raised progesterone levels in particular may lower mood.

The impact of low-dose hormonal contraception on mood and possibly depression has not been fully studied, the authors say. They used registry data in Denmark on more than a million women and adolescent girls aged between 15 and 34. They were followed up from 2000 until 2013 with an average follow-up of 6.4 years.

The authors call for more studies to investigate this possible side-effect of the pill.

Adaptado de: < https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/28/women-takingcontraceptive-pill-more-likely-to-be-treated-for-depression-studyfinds> Acessado em 29 de setembro de 2016.

  
A
have given women the harmless choice to not get pregnant.
B
in the form of patches or implants do not hurt as much as pills.
C
have been scrutinized for their antidepressant properties.
D
role in women’s depression is null since they are apt for it.
E
are claimed to be responsible for depression among women.
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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The hydrogel material which engineers have come up with at MIT

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Stretchable hydrogel can be used as a 'smart bandage' and delivery vehicle for medical devices.
Engineers at MIT have developed an elastic yet sturdy hydrogel material that can be used as flexible, biocompatible wound dressing and as a smart delivery method for drugs or medical devices.

The material was designed to be embedded with medicallyuseful electronics, such as conductive wires, semiconductor chips, LED lights, and temperature sensors, according to a study published online December 7, 2015 in the journal Advanced Materials.
Electronics coated in the hydrogel could be placed not only on the surface of the skin but also inside the body—such as implanted biocompatible glucose sensors or soft, compliant neural probes, the researchers wrote.

“Electronics are usually hard and dry, but the human body is soft and wet. These two systems have drastically different properties,” said lead investigator Xuanhe Zhao, Associate Professor in MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Dr. Zhao explained, “If you want to put electronics in close contact with the human body for applications such as health care monitoring and drug delivery, it is highly desirable to make the electronic devices soft and stretchable to fit the environment of the human body. That’s the motivation for stretchable hydrogel electronics.”

Current hydrogels are often brittle and made of degradable biomaterials that don’t last long, he explained. So, his team designed a hydrogel that is not only as flexible as human soft tissues, but can bond strongly to non-porous surfaces such as gold, titanium, aluminum, silicon, glass, and ceramic.

Adaptado de: <http://www.mdlinx.com/medicalstudent/article/395#> Acessado em 15 de setembro de 2016.
A
features the same traits as others.
B
serves but one purpose alone.
C
is used only for medicine storage.
D
is meant to weaken human skin.
E
can be put on the skin or within it.
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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is true to affirm that

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Stretchable hydrogel can be used as a 'smart bandage' and delivery vehicle for medical devices.
Engineers at MIT have developed an elastic yet sturdy hydrogel material that can be used as flexible, biocompatible wound dressing and as a smart delivery method for drugs or medical devices.

The material was designed to be embedded with medicallyuseful electronics, such as conductive wires, semiconductor chips, LED lights, and temperature sensors, according to a study published online December 7, 2015 in the journal Advanced Materials.
Electronics coated in the hydrogel could be placed not only on the surface of the skin but also inside the body—such as implanted biocompatible glucose sensors or soft, compliant neural probes, the researchers wrote.

“Electronics are usually hard and dry, but the human body is soft and wet. These two systems have drastically different properties,” said lead investigator Xuanhe Zhao, Associate Professor in MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Dr. Zhao explained, “If you want to put electronics in close contact with the human body for applications such as health care monitoring and drug delivery, it is highly desirable to make the electronic devices soft and stretchable to fit the environment of the human body. That’s the motivation for stretchable hydrogel electronics.”

Current hydrogels are often brittle and made of degradable biomaterials that don’t last long, he explained. So, his team designed a hydrogel that is not only as flexible as human soft tissues, but can bond strongly to non-porous surfaces such as gold, titanium, aluminum, silicon, glass, and ceramic.

Adaptado de: <http://www.mdlinx.com/medicalstudent/article/395#> Acessado em 15 de setembro de 2016.
A
the problem of a short lifespan found in hydrogels still remains unchallenged.
B
the novelty this new hydrogel features is its strong and stretching properties.
C
in spite of being as flexible as the human skin, the new invention is breakable.
D
what motivated this hydrogel electronics was its capacity to alter human skin.
E
although the hydrogel has desired properties, it won’t glue to nonporous surfaces.
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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

As for the dangers of contraceptives, teenagers

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Women taking pill more likely to be treated for depression, study finds
Millions of women worldwide use hormonal contraceptives, and there have long been reports that they can affect mood. A research project was launched in Denmark to look at the scale of the problem, involving the medical records of more than a million women and adolescent girls.

It found that those on the combined pill were 23% more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant by their doctor, most commonly in the first six months after starting on the pill. Women on the progestin-only pills, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, were 34% more likely to take antidepressants or get a first diagnosis of depression than those not on hormonal contraception.

The study found that not only women taking pills but also those with implants, patches and intrauterine devices were affected.

Adolescent girls appeared to be at highest risk. Those taking combined pills were 80% more likely and those on progestin-only pills more than twice as likely to be prescribed an antidepressant than their peers who were not on the pill.

The researchers, Øjvind Lidegaard of the University of Copenhagen and colleagues, point out that women are twice as likely to suffer from depression in their lifetime as men, though rates are equal before puberty. The fluctuating levels of the two female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, have been implicated. Studies have suggested raised progesterone levels in particular may lower mood.

The impact of low-dose hormonal contraception on mood and possibly depression has not been fully studied, the authors say. They used registry data in Denmark on more than a million women and adolescent girls aged between 15 and 34. They were followed up from 2000 until 2013 with an average follow-up of 6.4 years.

The authors call for more studies to investigate this possible side-effect of the pill.

Adaptado de: < https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/28/women-takingcontraceptive-pill-more-likely-to-be-treated-for-depression-studyfinds> Acessado em 29 de setembro de 2016.

  
A
have experienced the least problems regarding depression.
B
outnumber both older women and young adults, for that matter.
C
are free from them as long as they’re on progestin-only pills.
D
proved to be the ones most likely to endure its wicked effects.
E
have not been inflicted their devastating effects in any way.
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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Chronic loneliness

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Treating the UK’s loneliness epidemic
Over a million people in the UK aged over 65 now experience chronic loneliness. This figure will only rise as our population ages. And research shows that severe loneliness affects people across their life course, including children and young people.

Chronic loneliness is as bad for our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day and as damaging as obesity and physical inactivity. It is linked with depression, dementia and high blood pressure alongside a number of other conditions. Loneliness impacts on our struggling health and social care system, with evidence showing that those living with loneliness are far more likely to visit their local doctor or A&E. New research shows the health cost alone of loneliness is equivalent to some £12,000 per person over 15 years.

National and local policymakers are now waking up. Health and wellbeing boards across England are making loneliness a priority and the Welsh and Scottish governments have recently announced commitments to develop national cross-governmental strategies to address loneliness and social isolation.

We are calling on the UK government to follow suit and commit to the development of a UK-wide strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation to help end this growing crisis. 

Adaptado de: <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/04/treating-ukloneliness-epidemic> Acessado em 4 de outubro de 2016.
A
becomes even worse as a person gets more sedentary.
B
affects people from all ages and genders in all the UK.
C
is as damaging for health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
D
is even worse than obesity and physical inactivity.
E
is fortunately far from any relation with other illnesses.
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CESMAC 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The UK authorities

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Treating the UK’s loneliness epidemic
Over a million people in the UK aged over 65 now experience chronic loneliness. This figure will only rise as our population ages. And research shows that severe loneliness affects people across their life course, including children and young people.

Chronic loneliness is as bad for our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day and as damaging as obesity and physical inactivity. It is linked with depression, dementia and high blood pressure alongside a number of other conditions. Loneliness impacts on our struggling health and social care system, with evidence showing that those living with loneliness are far more likely to visit their local doctor or A&E. New research shows the health cost alone of loneliness is equivalent to some £12,000 per person over 15 years.

National and local policymakers are now waking up. Health and wellbeing boards across England are making loneliness a priority and the Welsh and Scottish governments have recently announced commitments to develop national cross-governmental strategies to address loneliness and social isolation.

We are calling on the UK government to follow suit and commit to the development of a UK-wide strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation to help end this growing crisis. 

Adaptado de: <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/04/treating-ukloneliness-epidemic> Acessado em 4 de outubro de 2016.
A
have finally started to pay attention to the problem and done something.
B
have overlooked the problem despite the obvious need for action.
C
have long ignored the problem and seem to want to keep it that way.
D
regard loneliness and social isolation as an unsolvable problem.
E
intend to take action as long as the health system isn’t struggling.
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CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

For the reformed Christian faith, the famous Heidelberg Cathecism

A
bears an infinitesimal importance altogether.
B
is but an old and worthless confessional document.
C
should have never been formulated in the first place.
D
ratified and invigorated the traditions of the church.
E
is a confessional document of utmost importance.
02d1da4c-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

From the dialogue in the strip, one can presume that

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Disponível em:< https://www.whistleblowersecurity.com/globalcorruption-money-power-and-ethics/>. Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2017. 

A
corruption is a pervasive phenomenon.
B
only governments are corrupt.
C
the private sector is corruption-free.
D
corruption affects only adults.
E
has a limited spectrum of occurrence.
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CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is right to assert that

Read the chart below and answer the following question according to it.


Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/theseare-the-world-s-least-corrupt-nations-but-are-they-exporting-theircorruption/ Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2017 

A
Norway is more corrupt than Germany and Canada.
B
Corruption in Denmark tops off all other listed nations.
C
the Scandinavian countries are the most corrupt ones.
D
Finland is less corrupt than Norway and Sweden.
E
Germany is the least corrupt nation in the top 10 list.
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CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Funeral service businesses

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Death of The Death Care Industry


Death is a dying industry with an economic phenomenon. As Americans perceived value of “traditional” funerals diminish, the cost of funerals have increased nearly 1,328% in just four decades. In 1960 the average cost of a funeral was $706 when only 3.56% of bodies were cremated. Today the average traditional funeral costs between $8,000 and $10,000, and about 42% of people are cremated. The US funeral industry accounts for about $20 billion in annual economic activity, with around 130,000 employees that make a living on the 1.5 million people that go to rest each year. 

Many communities have turned a blind eye to what goes on inside funeral homes, as many people prefer not to know the ins and out of the business. In addition, grieving customers in need of funeral goods and services may not be in a healthy state of mind to make financial decisions. Grief has similar side effects of alcohol consumption, such as numbness, guilt, and depression, resulting in less alert and price sensitive customers. In addition, the funeral industry is somewhat taboo in the sense that communities in general don’t communicate with one another about what are acceptable practices in this industry. 

Some funeral service providers have taken advantage of this by encouraging the lack of transparency in the industry, charging exorbitant prices for funeral goods and services and charging people who appear to be wealthy higher prices. After Jessica Mitford published The American Way of Death in 1963, to expose the abuses in the funeral industry, a groundswell of support for government  intervention followed. Under President Ronald Reagan The Funeral Rule was first enacted to protect consumers from deceptive practices, but the rule has yet to put the nail in the coffin.


Adaptado de: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/perianneboring/2014/04/25/the-death-of-the-death-care-industry-and-eternal-life-online/#389398011c1a>Acessado em 13 de outubro de 2017

A
will charge clients the same regardless of their apparent high income.
B
might deceive their clients on the basis of their emotional conditions.
C
more often than not have to deal with very price sensitive customers.
D
try to hide from their clients what really goes on
inside their firms.
E
make sure that their clients know all about their financial profits.
02c7ed5e-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms

In “The then capital of the Kurpfalz (the Electoral Palatinate) played an important role in the spreading of the new doctrine.”, the word spreading is a synonym of

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


In 2017 the protestant church is celebrating an important event: the 500th anniversary of the Reformation

On October 31, 2017 protestants will celebrate that historic day when Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, an act which shook the religious world of the time. 
The 500th Reformation anniversary also means a great deal to Heidelberg. The then capital of the Kurpfalz (the Electoral Palatinate) played an important role in the spreading of the new doctrine. On April 26, 1518, Martin Luther visited Heidelberg, residence of the Elector Princes. As in Wittenberg, he proclaimed his 95 theses and defended himself before the General Chapter of the Augustine monks at the famous Heidelberg Defense. The commemorative Luther plaque marks where the Augustine abbey once stood. In 1563 the famous Heidelberg Catechism was formulated, the most significant confessional document in the reformed Christian faith the world over.

Disponível em:<http://www.heidelberg-marketing.de/en/culture/500-years-reformation.html>Acessado em 13 de outubro de 2017 
A
dissemination.
B
abridgement.
C
concealment.
D
suppression.
E
stagnation.
02c41596-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Martin Luther’s act

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


In 2017 the protestant church is celebrating an important event: the 500th anniversary of the Reformation

On October 31, 2017 protestants will celebrate that historic day when Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, an act which shook the religious world of the time. 
The 500th Reformation anniversary also means a great deal to Heidelberg. The then capital of the Kurpfalz (the Electoral Palatinate) played an important role in the spreading of the new doctrine. On April 26, 1518, Martin Luther visited Heidelberg, residence of the Elector Princes. As in Wittenberg, he proclaimed his 95 theses and defended himself before the General Chapter of the Augustine monks at the famous Heidelberg Defense. The commemorative Luther plaque marks where the Augustine abbey once stood. In 1563 the famous Heidelberg Catechism was formulated, the most significant confessional document in the reformed Christian faith the world over.

Disponível em:<http://www.heidelberg-marketing.de/en/culture/500-years-reformation.html>Acessado em 13 de outubro de 2017 
A
helped to strengthen the status quo of the church then.
B
had negligible influence on the Christian world of the time.
C
had a huge impact on the religious world of that time.
D
stirred up reflections but with minor consequences.
E
lacked importance and failed to exert influence on religion.
02be7425-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is true to affirm that, in America:

1) costs of funerals have gone up a lot over the last 40 years.
2) traditional funeral costs cannot be any higher than $10,000.
3) more people were cremated in the past than they are now.
4) 1.5 million dead people make it possible for many to make a living.
5) more than a hundred thousand people work in the funeral industry.

The correct alternatives are only:

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Death of The Death Care Industry


Death is a dying industry with an economic phenomenon. As Americans perceived value of “traditional” funerals diminish, the cost of funerals have increased nearly 1,328% in just four decades. In 1960 the average cost of a funeral was $706 when only 3.56% of bodies were cremated. Today the average traditional funeral costs between $8,000 and $10,000, and about 42% of people are cremated. The US funeral industry accounts for about $20 billion in annual economic activity, with around 130,000 employees that make a living on the 1.5 million people that go to rest each year. 

Many communities have turned a blind eye to what goes on inside funeral homes, as many people prefer not to know the ins and out of the business. In addition, grieving customers in need of funeral goods and services may not be in a healthy state of mind to make financial decisions. Grief has similar side effects of alcohol consumption, such as numbness, guilt, and depression, resulting in less alert and price sensitive customers. In addition, the funeral industry is somewhat taboo in the sense that communities in general don’t communicate with one another about what are acceptable practices in this industry. 

Some funeral service providers have taken advantage of this by encouraging the lack of transparency in the industry, charging exorbitant prices for funeral goods and services and charging people who appear to be wealthy higher prices. After Jessica Mitford published The American Way of Death in 1963, to expose the abuses in the funeral industry, a groundswell of support for government  intervention followed. Under President Ronald Reagan The Funeral Rule was first enacted to protect consumers from deceptive practices, but the rule has yet to put the nail in the coffin.


Adaptado de: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/perianneboring/2014/04/25/the-death-of-the-death-care-industry-and-eternal-life-online/#389398011c1a>Acessado em 13 de outubro de 2017

A
1, 4 and 5
B
2 and 3
C
1, 3 and 5
D
1, 2, 3 and 4
E
2, 3 and 5