Questõesde CESMAC sobre Inglês

InícioTodas as questões
1
1
Foram encontradas 93 questões
033eff66-de
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the sentence “But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise.” handicap is a synonym of

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
impairment
B
relief
C
advantage
D
benefit
E
aid
03382659-de
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In recent years, it has been shown that the advantages of bilingualism

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
can be found exclusively in a globalized world
B
are basically those of being able to talk to many people.
C
go beyond the ability to talk to many different people.
D
are outdone by the possibility of dementia it creates
E
relate to how one profits physically but not psychologically.
033beb18-de
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the past, Bilingualism

    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


Why bilinguals are smarter 

SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.

This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.

They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Adaptado de: <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits-ofbilingualism.html?WT.mc_id=D-NYT-MKTG-MOD-31048-0502-HD&WT.mc_ev=click&WT.mc_c=> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2015
A
was seen as a condition to be longed for.
B
was regarded as a push for development.
C
had its best days ever as an individual’s ability.
D
was thought to stir a child’s cognitive skills.
E
was held to exert a noxious influence in the brain.
a647cb35-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

For enduring results, activists

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


Girls’ rights 

Can the movement achieve lasting change?

A movement to protect and expand girls' rights around the world is gaining support from governments, international donors and advocacy groups. Improving girls' lives is not only a moral issue — research shows it also speeds economic development. Activists are pushing to end child marriage, educate all girls, improve their reproductive health and reduce violence and discrimination against them. Although girls' mortality and school enrollment rates have been improving, obstacles remain. Nearly 120 million girls do not attend primary school, and 15 million girls under 18 marry each year, often under duress, ending their schooling and putting them at risk for domestic violence and health complications. In some countries girls' progress is threatened by religious extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Activists say that to have lasting effects, girls' rights campaigns must establish effective onthe-ground programs that change societal attitudes as well as local policies.

Disponível em: http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015041700> Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
A
envisage the need for efficient policies and social awareness.
B
regard religious extremists as a joining and concurring force.
C
overlook the eminent threat religious extremists represent.
D
say they can do without campaigns to strengthen girls’ rights.
E
rely on the money coming solely from international donors.
a644da1e-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Underage girls’ marriages

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


Girls’ rights 

Can the movement achieve lasting change?

A movement to protect and expand girls' rights around the world is gaining support from governments, international donors and advocacy groups. Improving girls' lives is not only a moral issue — research shows it also speeds economic development. Activists are pushing to end child marriage, educate all girls, improve their reproductive health and reduce violence and discrimination against them. Although girls' mortality and school enrollment rates have been improving, obstacles remain. Nearly 120 million girls do not attend primary school, and 15 million girls under 18 marry each year, often under duress, ending their schooling and putting them at risk for domestic violence and health complications. In some countries girls' progress is threatened by religious extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Activists say that to have lasting effects, girls' rights campaigns must establish effective onthe-ground programs that change societal attitudes as well as local policies.

Disponível em: http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015041700> Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
A
always bring them a lot of happiness.
B
keep them free from domestic violence.
C
ensure their health is well taken care of.
D
are hardly ever a result of fierce coercion.
E
often deprive them of formal education.
a641efa5-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Girls’ rights movement

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


Girls’ rights 

Can the movement achieve lasting change?

A movement to protect and expand girls' rights around the world is gaining support from governments, international donors and advocacy groups. Improving girls' lives is not only a moral issue — research shows it also speeds economic development. Activists are pushing to end child marriage, educate all girls, improve their reproductive health and reduce violence and discrimination against them. Although girls' mortality and school enrollment rates have been improving, obstacles remain. Nearly 120 million girls do not attend primary school, and 15 million girls under 18 marry each year, often under duress, ending their schooling and putting them at risk for domestic violence and health complications. In some countries girls' progress is threatened by religious extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Activists say that to have lasting effects, girls' rights campaigns must establish effective onthe-ground programs that change societal attitudes as well as local policies.

Disponível em: http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015041700> Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
A
has been fading away and losing interest.
B
has gained force and strong adherents.
C
is downplayed by governments worldwide.
D
supports young girls’ marriages.
E
is solely concerned with moral issues.
a63f1118-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is false to affirm that

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it. 



Emerging Infectious Diseases 

Is an unstoppable global pandemic possible? 

From the deadly Ebola outbreak in West Africa to a mysterious new illness that killed a Kansas farmer last summer, emerging infectious diseases — illnesses never seen before or that reappear in new places or with new severity — threaten people around the world. About five new infections emerge in humans each year, typically three crossing over from animals. Many new kinds of infections also strike wild and domestic animals. Fifty years ago many medical scientists believed widespread use of antibiotics and vaccines would all but eliminate infectious disease. But factors such as environmental change, population growth, poverty and globalization are spurring new, often deadly, infections. Disease scientists urge policymakers to pay much more attention to animal health and to boost funding for public-health agencies here and abroad, but many conservatives say more money is not the answer. Meanwhile, scientists are gaining new insights into the genetic makeup of disease-causing microbes, giving them hope of discovering more ways to prevent or fight infections. 

Disponível em:<http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre
2015021300>  Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015.
A
some types of infections in humans originate in animals.
B
half a century ago antibiotics and vaccines were in use.
C
scientists deny the need for more spending on health units.
D
a number of factors favor the emergence of new infections.
E
wild and domestic animals are also affected by infections.
a63c2cf5-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Emerging infectious diseases are

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it. 



Emerging Infectious Diseases 

Is an unstoppable global pandemic possible? 

From the deadly Ebola outbreak in West Africa to a mysterious new illness that killed a Kansas farmer last summer, emerging infectious diseases — illnesses never seen before or that reappear in new places or with new severity — threaten people around the world. About five new infections emerge in humans each year, typically three crossing over from animals. Many new kinds of infections also strike wild and domestic animals. Fifty years ago many medical scientists believed widespread use of antibiotics and vaccines would all but eliminate infectious disease. But factors such as environmental change, population growth, poverty and globalization are spurring new, often deadly, infections. Disease scientists urge policymakers to pay much more attention to animal health and to boost funding for public-health agencies here and abroad, but many conservatives say more money is not the answer. Meanwhile, scientists are gaining new insights into the genetic makeup of disease-causing microbes, giving them hope of discovering more ways to prevent or fight infections. 

Disponível em:<http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre
2015021300>  Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015.
A
controlled.
B
extinct.
C
disappearing.
D
ubiquitous.
E
uncommon.
a64b4b52-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The message above implies that

Read the comic strip below and answer the following question based on it.

Disponível em: http://laughtershub.blogspot.com.br/2013/02/comicstrips-with-doctor.html Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 

A
chemotherapy is harmless to the body.
B
chemotherapy expenses are outrageous.
C
the man won’t survive the therapy he’s on.
D
the nurse is giving the man a little hope.
E
chemotherapy is meant to kill a patient.
a636c27c-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is true to say that

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.

Prisoners and Mental Illness 

Are too many with psychiatric problems behind bars?

Thousands of people with schizophrenia, severe depression, delusional disorders or other mental problems are locked up, often in solitary confinement. While some committed violent crimes and remain a threat to themselves or other inmates and prison staff, many are incarcerated for minor offenses, simply because there is no place to send them for treatment. The number of mentally ill inmates has mushroomed in recent years as states have closed their psychiatric hospitals in favor of outpatient community mental health centers that typically are underfunded and overcrowded. In an attempt to reduce the influx of mentally ill inmates, some 300 specialized mental health courts have diverted them into court-monitored treatment instead of jail. Yet, many participants re-offend, and some experts say psychiatric treatment alone won't prevent criminal behavior. Meanwhile, courts in more than a half-dozen states have declared solitary confinement unconstitutional for those with mental illness. However, some corrections officials say solitary is necessary to separate dangerous prisoners.

Disponível em: <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015031300 >Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
A
all mentally ill people are kept far away from any solitary confinement.
B
all mentally impaired prisoners are a serious threat to those in prison.
C
some of the patients are locked up due to the lack of an adequate place.
D
psychiatric treatment will account for the needs of mentally ill inmates.
E
all the states in the US adopt solitary confinement the for mentally impaired.
a63975ea-d4
CESMAC 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The amount of prisoners with mental disorders has recently

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.

Prisoners and Mental Illness 

Are too many with psychiatric problems behind bars?

Thousands of people with schizophrenia, severe depression, delusional disorders or other mental problems are locked up, often in solitary confinement. While some committed violent crimes and remain a threat to themselves or other inmates and prison staff, many are incarcerated for minor offenses, simply because there is no place to send them for treatment. The number of mentally ill inmates has mushroomed in recent years as states have closed their psychiatric hospitals in favor of outpatient community mental health centers that typically are underfunded and overcrowded. In an attempt to reduce the influx of mentally ill inmates, some 300 specialized mental health courts have diverted them into court-monitored treatment instead of jail. Yet, many participants re-offend, and some experts say psychiatric treatment alone won't prevent criminal behavior. Meanwhile, courts in more than a half-dozen states have declared solitary confinement unconstitutional for those with mental illness. However, some corrections officials say solitary is necessary to separate dangerous prisoners.

Disponível em: <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015031300 >Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
A
skyrocketed.
B
collapsed.
C
dropped.
D
stabilized.
E
plunged.
98796040-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Read the demographics below and answer the following question based on it.



As regards the California nursing home residents demographics above it is true to state that

A
all the residents in the chart only feature one problem each.
B
more people had anxiety-related disorders in 2011 than in 2015.
C
the number of people with depression went down in four years.
D
bipolar disorder problems surpassed all the other ones put together.
E
the overall results in all areas have become more optimistic.
98713fa7-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the sentence “As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised,…” a possible contextual synonym for compromised is

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


The Healing Power of Music


What better “medicine” than a “treatment” that has only positive side effects and “therapy” that is actually enjoyable? Music is shown to have the ability to help organize the brain; especially vital to those who are afflicted with Alzheimer’s.

Studies have shown that the results of a musical therapy session last for several hours afterward. Positive results include elevated mood, increased socialization and appetite and reduction in agitation. These benefits are attributed to the stimulation the brain receives during a music therapy session, a sort of “cognitive workout”.

As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised, music provides an alternative means of maintaining a connection, thereby helping to normalize interaction between caregiver and patient. Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate. Music is central to maintaining human bonds when those with dementia have lost the ability to initiate communication or to respond verbally.

The powers of music when focused and used therapeutically are many. Critical to maintaining quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s is management of emotions and preserving the connection with others. Music is conducive to keeping those connections strong as long as possible while helping the participant to focus, increase awareness and orient to the environment. A number of research studies have looked at music therapy as an important adjunct to medical treatment and findings suggest a possible link between the use of music and slowing the progression of dementia.

Music is primal to life and expressed by each of us every day whether through dancing to a favorite tune, keeping rhythm with a pencil or remembering a special time when hearing a forgotten melody. It is central to our lives and is embedded in our culture, defining how we acknowledge milestones, rites of passage and celebrations as well as providing comfort, transformation and inspiration.


         Acessado em 14 de abril de 2017. Adaptado

A
used
B
emphisized
C
strengthened
D
jeopardized
E
considered
9875db30-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It is believed that

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


The Healing Power of Music


What better “medicine” than a “treatment” that has only positive side effects and “therapy” that is actually enjoyable? Music is shown to have the ability to help organize the brain; especially vital to those who are afflicted with Alzheimer’s.

Studies have shown that the results of a musical therapy session last for several hours afterward. Positive results include elevated mood, increased socialization and appetite and reduction in agitation. These benefits are attributed to the stimulation the brain receives during a music therapy session, a sort of “cognitive workout”.

As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised, music provides an alternative means of maintaining a connection, thereby helping to normalize interaction between caregiver and patient. Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate. Music is central to maintaining human bonds when those with dementia have lost the ability to initiate communication or to respond verbally.

The powers of music when focused and used therapeutically are many. Critical to maintaining quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s is management of emotions and preserving the connection with others. Music is conducive to keeping those connections strong as long as possible while helping the participant to focus, increase awareness and orient to the environment. A number of research studies have looked at music therapy as an important adjunct to medical treatment and findings suggest a possible link between the use of music and slowing the progression of dementia.

Music is primal to life and expressed by each of us every day whether through dancing to a favorite tune, keeping rhythm with a pencil or remembering a special time when hearing a forgotten melody. It is central to our lives and is embedded in our culture, defining how we acknowledge milestones, rites of passage and celebrations as well as providing comfort, transformation and inspiration.


         Acessado em 14 de abril de 2017. Adaptado

A
Alzheimer’s patients’ connection with others is immutable.
B
music can help change the pace for the progress of dementia.
C
music actually halts the progress of dementia at all levels.
D
music therapy can make up for any medical treatment.
E
the therapeutic power of music has been totally neglected.
986c3d92-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Music

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


The Healing Power of Music


What better “medicine” than a “treatment” that has only positive side effects and “therapy” that is actually enjoyable? Music is shown to have the ability to help organize the brain; especially vital to those who are afflicted with Alzheimer’s.

Studies have shown that the results of a musical therapy session last for several hours afterward. Positive results include elevated mood, increased socialization and appetite and reduction in agitation. These benefits are attributed to the stimulation the brain receives during a music therapy session, a sort of “cognitive workout”.

As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised, music provides an alternative means of maintaining a connection, thereby helping to normalize interaction between caregiver and patient. Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate. Music is central to maintaining human bonds when those with dementia have lost the ability to initiate communication or to respond verbally.

The powers of music when focused and used therapeutically are many. Critical to maintaining quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s is management of emotions and preserving the connection with others. Music is conducive to keeping those connections strong as long as possible while helping the participant to focus, increase awareness and orient to the environment. A number of research studies have looked at music therapy as an important adjunct to medical treatment and findings suggest a possible link between the use of music and slowing the progression of dementia.

Music is primal to life and expressed by each of us every day whether through dancing to a favorite tune, keeping rhythm with a pencil or remembering a special time when hearing a forgotten melody. It is central to our lives and is embedded in our culture, defining how we acknowledge milestones, rites of passage and celebrations as well as providing comfort, transformation and inspiration.


         Acessado em 14 de abril de 2017. Adaptado

A
has been shown to have the capacity to reverse the state of dementia in patients
B
can be used in order to help patients to get in good shape by exercising the body.
C
has but an extremely short term positive effect upon those who listen to it.
D
will diminish appetite and raise agitation and will raise one’s spirits as well.
E
is said to be able to act as a medicine and to have therapeutic effects upon patients.
986864da-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The findings of the research suggest that

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


Abstract


Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.


Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

A
as a rule, the intake of breakfast helps to fight off depressive mood.
B
for some groups, skipping breakfast on a regular basis has no impacts.
C
poor subjects’ depression due to lack of breakfast compares with the rich.
D
old age has a positive impact on depressive mood symptoms.
E
eating breakfast regularly means the subject is free from depression.
98642007-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

This abstract is related to a research project carried out

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


Abstract


Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.


Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

A
with the purpose of showing how elderly people seldom have breakfast.
B
in order to acknowledge the importance of breakfast over all other meals.
C
to investigate the connection between breakfast consumption and depression.
D
to show health-related habits as physical activity work better after breakfast.
E
to show that poor people get depressed because they cannot afford breakfast.
985f500b-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The outbreak of yellow fever and its urban spread is

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas


Over the past several weeks, a fifth arbovirus, yellow fever virus, has broken out in Brazil, with the majority of the infections occurring in rural areas of the country. These are referred to as sylvatic, or jungle, cases, since the typical transmission cycle occurs between forest mosquitoes and forest-dwelling nonhuman primates, with humans serving only as incidental hosts. In this ongoing outbreak, health authorities have reported 234 confirmed infections and 80 confirmed deaths as of February 2017. Confirmed infections have occurred in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo, and hundreds of additional cases remain under investigation. The high number of cases is out of proportion to the number reported in a typical year in these areas.


Although there is currently no evidence that human-tohuman transmission through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (urban transmission) has occurred, the outbreak is affecting areas in close proximity to major urban centers where yellow fever vaccine is not routinely administered. This proximity raises concern that, for the first time in decades, urban transmission of yellow fever will occur in Brazil.


Yellow fever is the most severe arbovirus ever to circulate in the Americas, and although vaccination campaigns and vector-control efforts have eliminated it from many areas, sylvatic transmission cycles continue to occur in endemic tropical regions. The most recent outbreak in Brazil highlights this phenomenon. If the current outbreak leads to urban spread through A. aegypti mosquitoes, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for yellow fever, particularly in travelers returning from affected regions. As with all potentially reemerging infectious diseases, public health awareness and preparedness are essential to prevent a resurgence of this historical threat.


        Adaptado de: Acessado em 15 de abril de 2017.

A
already real.
B
still a threat.
C
a desired dream.
D
an impossibility.
E
an unlikely peril.
985b0514-d5
CESMAC 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

As for the recent Yellow Fever outbreak in Brazil, it is true to assert that

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas


Over the past several weeks, a fifth arbovirus, yellow fever virus, has broken out in Brazil, with the majority of the infections occurring in rural areas of the country. These are referred to as sylvatic, or jungle, cases, since the typical transmission cycle occurs between forest mosquitoes and forest-dwelling nonhuman primates, with humans serving only as incidental hosts. In this ongoing outbreak, health authorities have reported 234 confirmed infections and 80 confirmed deaths as of February 2017. Confirmed infections have occurred in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo, and hundreds of additional cases remain under investigation. The high number of cases is out of proportion to the number reported in a typical year in these areas.


Although there is currently no evidence that human-tohuman transmission through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (urban transmission) has occurred, the outbreak is affecting areas in close proximity to major urban centers where yellow fever vaccine is not routinely administered. This proximity raises concern that, for the first time in decades, urban transmission of yellow fever will occur in Brazil.


Yellow fever is the most severe arbovirus ever to circulate in the Americas, and although vaccination campaigns and vector-control efforts have eliminated it from many areas, sylvatic transmission cycles continue to occur in endemic tropical regions. The most recent outbreak in Brazil highlights this phenomenon. If the current outbreak leads to urban spread through A. aegypti mosquitoes, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for yellow fever, particularly in travelers returning from affected regions. As with all potentially reemerging infectious diseases, public health awareness and preparedness are essential to prevent a resurgence of this historical threat.


        Adaptado de: Acessado em 15 de abril de 2017.

A
the focal spot of the outbreak are the urban areas of the country.
B
there have been no deaths as a result of the action of the arbovirus.
C
it is the very first time it has ever taken place in the Americas.
D
major urban centers have always administered yellow fever vaccines.
E
the transmission of the virus is occurring primarily among nonhumans.
97219a4f-d5
CESMAC 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The artifact that represents the kilogram

Read the text below and answer the following question.


Redefining the Kilogram


The kilogram is shrinking.

The official object that defines the mass of a kilogram is a tiny, 139-year-old cylinder of platinum and iridium that resides in a triple-locked vault near Paris. Because it is so important, scientists almost never take it out; instead they use copies called working standards. But the last time they did inspect the real kilogram, they found it is roughly five parts in 100 million heavier than all the working standards, which have been leaving behind a few atoms of metal every time they are put on scales. This is one of the reasons the kilogram may soon be redefined not by a physical object but through calculations based on fundamental constants.

“This [shrinking] is the kind of thing that happens when you have an object that needs to be conserved in order to have a standard,” says Peter Mohr, a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), who serves on the committee that oversees the International System of Units (SI). “Fundamental constants, on the other hand, are not going to change over time.”

The redefinition of the kilogram will be part of a planned larger overhaul to make SI units fully dependent on constants of nature. Representatives from 57 countries will vote on the proposed change this month at a conference in Versailles, France, and the new rules are expected to pass.

What will happen to the old kilogram artifacts after the redefinition? Rather than packing them off to museums, scientists plan to keep studying how they fare over time. “There is so much measurement history on these,” says physicist Stephan Schlamminger of NIST. “It would be irresponsible to not continue to measure them.”

Adaptado de: <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/redefining-thekilogram/>  Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2018.
A
will be kept for future investigation.
B
should be discarded immediately.
C
must be displayed in a museum.
D
should be sold to rarity collectors.
E
cannot be used scientifically anymore.