Questão bfd46d5d-e9
Prova:ULBRA 2011
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Orações Relativas e pronomes relativos | Relative clauses and relative pronouns, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions, Pronomes | Pronouns
All the statements below, with the exception of one, make use of "that" as a relative pronoun or a conjunction.
Select THE EXCEPTION.
All the statements below, with the exception of one, make use of "that" as a relative pronoun or a conjunction.
Select THE EXCEPTION.
As we all know, electricity is a fundamental need. On a daily basis, we consume electricity even without us
knowing it. Just a simple task such as listening to your music player consumes electricity. Today, most of our electric
generators and power plants are fed with fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. However, due to the exponential
increase of power demand, fossil fuel supplies are slowly being depleted. Not only that, but also burning fossil fuels
has given off greenhouse gases and other unwanted byproducts. Because of this, the search for alternative energy
sources is now a necessity. One of the most promising alternative energy sources today is Wind Powered Generators.
So, what is a wind-powered generator? Basically it is the use of wind as a mechanical force needed to power an electric
generator. Utilizing wind as an energy source is not exactly a new idea. The ancient Persians were the first to use wind
to pump water, cut wood, and grind food and others by building windmills. Even today you can find windmills still
being used on some farms. It was the use of wind as an electric source that came into existence much later. The first
practical wind powered generators were built in 1970, but yet we rarely see them in widespread use today, why? Let’s
look at the advantages and disadvantages of the wind powered generator.
The main advantage of wind powered generators is that they have, ideally, zero gas emissions – unlike fossil-fueled
power generators. Because of the alarming effects of greenhouse gases and global warming, we want our power
generators to be as clean and as environmentally friendly as possible. Since there is no burning process in a wind
powered generator that produces toxic gases, it is very safe to build one in residential areas. Also, with proper
engineering and enough wind, these generators can provide a high rate of wattage that can go as high as the Megawatt
range. Another advantage is that it can be implemented using several small turbines connected together. This is a good
thing when there is not enough space for huge structures.
The major disadvantage of wind powered generators is that wind power varies greatly from one place to another
and from day to day and season to season. Sometimes wind may be strong enough to supply energy, but that strength
cannot be maintained due to changes in weather patterns. Needing strong, constant wind to most effectively power
wind generators is one reason they are often built in coastal areas. Another disadvantage is that the structure of most
practical wind powered generators is huge and bulky. Commonly, its size is proportional to the wind power it can
collect.
Research in wind power has now intensified because of its innate advantages over other power generators. With
this increase in interest in wind energy and alternative energy sources as a whole, our future will become brighter and
more and more remote areas will eventually enjoy the benefits of clean electric energy. In an electricity-dependent
world, power supplies must provide the required electricity for communities and businesses. Wind powered generators
might just be the solution for power shortages.
Disponível em: http://mysolarcellhome.org/articles/pros-and-cons-of-wind-powered-generators.
As we all know, electricity is a fundamental need. On a daily basis, we consume electricity even without us
knowing it. Just a simple task such as listening to your music player consumes electricity. Today, most of our electric
generators and power plants are fed with fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. However, due to the exponential
increase of power demand, fossil fuel supplies are slowly being depleted. Not only that, but also burning fossil fuels
has given off greenhouse gases and other unwanted byproducts. Because of this, the search for alternative energy
sources is now a necessity. One of the most promising alternative energy sources today is Wind Powered Generators.
So, what is a wind-powered generator? Basically it is the use of wind as a mechanical force needed to power an electric
generator. Utilizing wind as an energy source is not exactly a new idea. The ancient Persians were the first to use wind
to pump water, cut wood, and grind food and others by building windmills. Even today you can find windmills still
being used on some farms. It was the use of wind as an electric source that came into existence much later. The first
practical wind powered generators were built in 1970, but yet we rarely see them in widespread use today, why? Let’s
look at the advantages and disadvantages of the wind powered generator.
The main advantage of wind powered generators is that they have, ideally, zero gas emissions – unlike fossil-fueled
power generators. Because of the alarming effects of greenhouse gases and global warming, we want our power
generators to be as clean and as environmentally friendly as possible. Since there is no burning process in a wind
powered generator that produces toxic gases, it is very safe to build one in residential areas. Also, with proper
engineering and enough wind, these generators can provide a high rate of wattage that can go as high as the Megawatt
range. Another advantage is that it can be implemented using several small turbines connected together. This is a good
thing when there is not enough space for huge structures.
The major disadvantage of wind powered generators is that wind power varies greatly from one place to another
and from day to day and season to season. Sometimes wind may be strong enough to supply energy, but that strength
cannot be maintained due to changes in weather patterns. Needing strong, constant wind to most effectively power
wind generators is one reason they are often built in coastal areas. Another disadvantage is that the structure of most
practical wind powered generators is huge and bulky. Commonly, its size is proportional to the wind power it can
collect.
Research in wind power has now intensified because of its innate advantages over other power generators. With
this increase in interest in wind energy and alternative energy sources as a whole, our future will become brighter and
more and more remote areas will eventually enjoy the benefits of clean electric energy. In an electricity-dependent
world, power supplies must provide the required electricity for communities and businesses. Wind powered generators
might just be the solution for power shortages.
Disponível em: http://mysolarcellhome.org/articles/pros-and-cons-of-wind-powered-generators.
A
The major disadvantage of wind powered generators is that wind power varies greatly from one place
to another and from day to day and season to season.
B
Another advantage is that it can be implemented using several small turbines connected together.
C
Sometimes wind may be strong enough to supply energy, but that strength cannot be maintained due
to changes in weather patterns.
D
Another disadvantage is that the structure of most practical wind powered generators is huge and
bulky.
E
Basically it is the use of wind as a mechanical force that is needed to power an electric generator.
Gabarito comentado
M
Marcela PascalMentora Qconcursos
Gabarito: C
Fundamento decisivo: O critério decisivo é sintático: se “that” integra um sintagma nominal como determinante/pronome demonstrativo, a alternativa é a exceção; se introduz uma oração completiva após verbo/cópula ou uma oração relativa com antecedente, não é exceção. Em “that strength cannot be maintained”, “that” modifica o substantivo “strength” e significa “essa/essa tal força”, portanto não introduz oração nem funciona como relative pronoun. Esse é o único caso fora do padrão pedido no comando.
Tema central: Usos gramaticais de that
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Em “is that wind power varies greatly...”, “that” introduz a oração completiva após “is”. Trata-se de uso conjuntivo/complementizer, dentro do padrão exigido pelo enunciado.
B
Errada
Em “is that it can be implemented...”, “that” também introduz uma oração subordinada completiva. Não acompanha substantivo nem retoma antecedente nominal, portanto não é a exceção.
C
Certa
Na alternativa C, o trecho obrigatório é “but that strength cannot be maintained”. Ali, “that” vem antes do substantivo “strength” e forma o sintagma nominal “that strength”, com valor demonstrativo. Portanto, não introduz oração subordinada e não atua como pronome relativo. Como o comando pede a exceção entre os usos de “that” como relative pronoun ou conjunction, C é a única alternativa que foge a esse padrão.
D
Errada
Em “is that the structure of most practical wind powered generators is huge and bulky”, “that” inicia a oração completiva dependente de “is”. Assim, seu uso é conjuntivo/complementizer, não demonstrativo.
E
Errada
Em “force that is needed...”, “that” retoma o antecedente nominal “force” e introduz uma oração relativa restritiva. Logo, funciona como pronome relativo, conforme o padrão cobrado.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explora a polissemia de “that”: nas alternativas A, B e D ele introduz oração completiva; em E, introduz oração relativa; só em C ele aparece como demonstrativo em “that strength”. A armadilha é tratar toda ocorrência de “that” como conjunction ou pronome relativo.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Se “that” vier antes de um substantivo, como em “that strength”, verifique primeiro o valor demonstrativo.
- Se aparecer na estrutura “is that...”, a tendência é de uso como conjunction/complementizer introduzindo oração completiva.
- Se houver um antecedente nominal imediatamente antes, como em “force that is needed”, verifique se “that” está introduzindo oração relativa restritiva.
- Classifique “that” pela função sintática no trecho, não pelo significado geral da frase.
