No trecho do segundo parágrafo – Meanwhile, data released by
the US Department of Commerce –, a palavra em destaque tem,
em português, sentido equivalente a
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) manufacturing
index rose to 53.2 from 51.3 in January. A reading above 50
indicates expansion. Separate data showed construction spending
rose slightly in January, helped by residential construction.
Manufacturing and construction are key to the US economy
and there were fears that severe weather across many parts of
the US may have hurt the sectors. Bradley Holcomb, chair of
ISM’s survey committee, said that while several manufacturers
said severe weather was impacting their business, “other
comments reflect optimism in terms of demand and growth in
the near term”. Meanwhile, data released by the US Department
of Commerce, showed that construction spending rose 0.1% in
January, from December. Compared to the same month last year,
construction spending was up 9.3%.
However, the bad weather conditions impacted car sales
in February with General Motors, Toyota and Ford all posting
declines in their deliveries. But the drop in sales was less than
expected and manufacturers were upbeat about the prospects in
the coming months. “February auto sales emerged from a chill
in the second half of the month, positioning the industry for a
strong March,” said Bill Fay, general manager at Toyota, which
saw a fall in deliveries of 4% during the month. General Motors’
sales fell 1%, compared to analysts’ forecast of a 6% drop.
Chrysler and Nissan Motors beat the trend with sales increases
of 11% and 16% respectively.
Analysts said that overall car sales during the month had
been helped by incentives and discounts offered by dealers to
lure customers to showrooms in an attempt to cushion the impact
of the severe weather conditions. However, as weather conditions
improve, the discounts will reduce.
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) manufacturing index rose to 53.2 from 51.3 in January. A reading above 50 indicates expansion. Separate data showed construction spending rose slightly in January, helped by residential construction.
Manufacturing and construction are key to the US economy and there were fears that severe weather across many parts of the US may have hurt the sectors. Bradley Holcomb, chair of ISM’s survey committee, said that while several manufacturers said severe weather was impacting their business, “other comments reflect optimism in terms of demand and growth in the near term”. Meanwhile, data released by the US Department of Commerce, showed that construction spending rose 0.1% in January, from December. Compared to the same month last year, construction spending was up 9.3%.
However, the bad weather conditions impacted car sales in February with General Motors, Toyota and Ford all posting declines in their deliveries. But the drop in sales was less than expected and manufacturers were upbeat about the prospects in the coming months. “February auto sales emerged from a chill in the second half of the month, positioning the industry for a strong March,” said Bill Fay, general manager at Toyota, which saw a fall in deliveries of 4% during the month. General Motors’ sales fell 1%, compared to analysts’ forecast of a 6% drop. Chrysler and Nissan Motors beat the trend with sales increases of 11% and 16% respectively.
Analysts said that overall car sales during the month had been helped by incentives and discounts offered by dealers to lure customers to showrooms in an attempt to cushion the impact of the severe weather conditions. However, as weather conditions improve, the discounts will reduce.
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão: Interpretação vocabular – tradução contextual do advérbio “meanwhile” em um texto informativo com foco na simultaneidade de acontecimentos.
Conceito-chave: O advérbio “meanwhile” é comumente usado em inglês para indicar que algo acontece ao mesmo tempo que outra ação ou situação, ou “enquanto isso”, em português.
Aplicação no texto: O fragmento analisa vários setores da economia norte-americana e apresenta o uso de “meanwhile” para introduzir uma nova informação (dados do Departamento de Comércio) que ocorre simultaneamente às situações já descritas no parágrafo anterior. Assim, a tradução adequada, conforme a prática de provas de Vestibular e manuais de inglês instrumental, é “enquanto isso”.
Análise das alternativas:
A) no entanto: Indica oposição, função própria de “however”, mas não de “meanwhile”. Não está adequada.
B) apesar disso: Expressa concessão ou contraste (“despite this”, “nevertheless”), também não corresponde ao sentido de simultaneidade trazido por “meanwhile”.
C) por causa disso: Trata-se de ligação causal (“because of this”). “Meanwhile” não expressa causa, mas tempo simultâneo.
D) enquanto isso: Correta. Expressa precisamente o sentido temporal de ações ocorrendo ao mesmo tempo, de acordo com os melhores dicionários e gramáticas (ex: Gramática Escolar da Língua Inglesa – Celso Ferreira).
E) na medida que: Aponta proporção/condição (“as” ou “inasmuch as”, em inglês), não corresponde ao uso contextual de “meanwhile”.
Estratégias de prova: Ao deparar-se com advérbios que iniciam frases, busque identificar o sentido principal: tempo, oposição, causa, condição ou proporção. Palavras como “meanwhile”, normalmente, vinculam-se ao tempo e não à causalidade ou contraste, ao contrário do que ocorre com “however” ou “therefore”.
Resumo: “Meanwhile” = “enquanto isso” (alternativa D), pois expressa simultaneidade entre fatos. As demais opções fogem deste sentido temporal.
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