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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Gêneros Textuais

Examine a tira do cartunista argentino Quino (1932- ).


As frases citadas pela personagem Mafalda no início de sua fala foram extraídas de

A
um anúncio publicitário.
B
um livro sobre culinária.
C
uma peça de teatro.
D
uma cartilha escolar.
E
um guia turístico.
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Coesão e coerência, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

Em “A Espanha e Portugal são, com a Rússia e os países balcânicos (e em certo sentido também a Inglaterra), um dos territórios-ponte pelos quais a Europa se comunica com os outros mundos.” (3º parágrafo), o pronome destacado refere-se a

Leia o trecho inicial de Raízes do Brasil, do historiador brasileiro Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (1902-1982), para responder à questão.

     A tentativa de implantação da cultura europeia em extenso território, dotado de condições naturais, se não adversas, largamente estranhas à sua tradição milenar, é, nas origens da sociedade brasileira, o fato dominante e mais rico em consequências. Trazendo de países distantes nossas formas de convívio, nossas instituições, nossas ideias, e timbrando em manter tudo isso em ambiente muitas vezes desfavorável e hostil, somos ainda hoje uns desterrados em nossa terra. Podemos construir obras excelentes, enriquecer nossa humanidade de aspectos novos e imprevistos, elevar à perfeição o tipo de civilização que representamos: o certo é que todo o fruto de nosso trabalho ou de nossa preguiça parece participar de um sistema de evolução próprio de outro clima e de outra paisagem.
     Assim, antes de perguntar até que ponto poderá alcançar bom êxito a tentativa, caberia averiguar até onde temos podido representar aquelas formas de convívio, instituições e ideias de que somos herdeiros.
     É significativa, em primeiro lugar, a circunstância de termos recebido a herança através de uma nação ibérica. A Espanha e Portugal são, com a Rússia e os países balcânicos (e em certo sentido também a Inglaterra), um dos territórios- -ponte pelos quais a Europa se comunica com os outros mundos. Assim, eles constituem uma zona fronteiriça, de transição, menos carregada, em alguns casos, desse europeísmo que, não obstante, mantêm como um patrimônio necessário.
     Foi a partir da época dos grandes descobrimentos marítimos que os dois países entraram mais decididamente no coro europeu. Esse ingresso tardio deveria repercutir intensamente em seus destinos, determinando muitos aspectos peculiares de sua história e de sua formação espiritual. Surgiu, assim, um tipo de sociedade que se desenvolveria, em alguns sentidos, quase à margem das congêneres europeias, e sem delas receber qualquer incitamento que já não trouxesse em germe.
     Quais os fundamentos em que assentam de preferência as formas de vida social nessa região indecisa entre a Europa e a África, que se estende dos Pireneus a Gibraltar? Como explicar muitas daquelas formas, sem recorrer a indicações mais ou menos vagas e que jamais nos conduziriam a uma estrita objetividade?
     Precisamente a comparação entre elas e as da Europa de além-Pireneus faz ressaltar uma característica bem peculiar à gente da península Ibérica, uma característica que ela está longe de partilhar, pelo menos na mesma intensidade, com qualquer de seus vizinhos do continente. É que nenhum desses vizinhos soube desenvolver a tal extremo essa cultura da personalidade, que parece constituir o traço mais decisivo na evolução da gente hispânica, desde tempos imemoriais. Pode dizer-se, realmente, que pela importância particular que atribuem ao valor próprio da pessoa humana, à autonomia de cada um dos homens em relação aos semelhantes no tempo e no espaço, devem os espanhóis e portugueses muito de sua originalidade nacional. [...]
     É dela que resulta largamente a singular tibieza das formas de organização, de todas as associações que impliquem solidariedade e ordenação entre esses povos. Em terra onde todos são barões não é possível acordo coletivo durável, a não ser por uma força exterior respeitável e temida.

(Raízes do Brasil, 2000.)
A
“Europa”.
B
“Rússia e os países balcânicos”.
C
“Espanha e Portugal”.
D
“territórios-ponte”.
E
“mundos”.
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

Mais recorrente na poesia arcádica, verifica-se neste soneto barroco o recurso, sobretudo, ao seguinte lema latino:

Leia o soneto “A uma dama dormindo junto a uma fonte”, do poeta barroco Gregório de Matos (1636-1696), para responder à questão.

À margem de uma fonte, que corria,
Lira doce dos pássaros cantores
A bela ocasião das minhas dores
Dormindo estava ao despertar do dia.

Mas como dorme Sílvia, não vestia
O céu seus horizontes de mil cores;
Dominava o silêncio entre as flores,
Calava o mar, e rio não se ouvia.

Não dão o parabém à nova Aurora
Flores canoras, pássaros fragrantes,
Nem seu âmbar respira a rica Flora.

Porém abrindo Sílvia os dois diamantes,
Tudo a Sílvia festeja, tudo adora
Aves cheirosas, flores ressonantes.

(Poemas escolhidos, 2010.) 
A
“locus horrendus” (“lugar horrível”).
B
“locus amoenus” (“lugar aprazível”).
C
“memento mori” (“lembra-te da morte”).
D
“inutilia truncat” (“corta o inútil”).
E
“carpe diem” (“aproveite o dia”).
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information presented in the fourth paragraph, there is an indication to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
expand agriculture to tackle hunger.
B
revert industrial and agricultural development.
C
decrease food waste and redistribute food where necessary.
D
limit population growth.
E
control carbon dioxide emissions from all sources.
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O trecho final do quarto parágrafo “given that land to expand farming is limited” tem o mesmo sentido de

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
since there is no land to be given for farming.
B
because there is a land limitation to expand farming.
C
if farming land will be given to some people.
D
when land is given to certain people to expand farming.
E
while farming expansion restraint lasts.
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UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Tradução | Translation

No trecho inicial do quarto parágrafo “As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows”, o termo em destaque tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
aliás.
B
devido ao fato de.
C
mesmo que.
D
à medida que.
E
durante.
094f3a57-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
presents the findings of a study that analysed agriculture in China and India.
B
states that the more agriculture spreads, the less greenhouse gas will be emitted.
C
says that extreme weather can lead to crop losses and hunger
D
proposes that agriculture should be expanded in order to preserve the environment.
E
establishes a relationship between food waste and climate change.
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Tradução | Translation

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change”, os termos em destaque têm sentido equivalente, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
o maior operador.
B
um componente final.
C
o primeiro estímulo.
D
um propulsor importante.
E
um limitador substancia
094b8b1a-da
UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Na fala da espiga de milho à direita “I spent too much time in there, instead!”, o termo em destaque se refere

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.


A
à pilha de alimentos descartados.
B
aos alimentos desperdiçados pelos consumidores.
C
ao refrigerador.
D
à lata de lixo.
E
ao mercado que vende espigas de milho.
0940e593-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho “who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards”, os termos em destaque podem ser substituídos, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as “food loss”, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of “food waste”, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards.

                                                                                        (www.theguardian.com)

A
in order to.
B
due to.
C
so that.
D
in spite of.
E
such as.
09486dcb-da
UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Na fala da espiga de milho à esquerda “I couldn’t reach the fridge...”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.


A
cannot.
B
won’t.
C
was unable to.
D
shouldn’t.
E
might not.
094411a7-da
UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The corncob on the left

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.


A
wishes to be like the corncob on the right.
B
thinks it is in a better state than the corncob on the right
C
wants to go back to the fridge.
D
represents “food waste”, according to the concept presented in the previous text.
E
illustrates the concept of “food loss”, according to the previous text.
093aa6b2-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The text

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as “food loss”, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of “food waste”, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards.

                                                                                        (www.theguardian.com)

A
presents some solutions to both “food loss” and “food waste”.
B
blames developing countries for most of “food waste”.
C
contrasts concepts of “food loss” and “food waste”
D
infers that consumers should change their attitude towards “food loss”.
E
indicates that governments are responsible for consumer behaviour.
093dcc6d-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho “which involves food being thrown away by consumers”, o termo em destaque se refere a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as “food loss”, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of “food waste”, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards.

                                                                                        (www.theguardian.com)

A
food.
B
wealthy countries.
C
food loss.
D
consumers.
E
food waste.
09335902-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

Nesta obra, o observador é atraído por uma ideia poética: a de um objeto que assume a substância do material em que se sente à vontade.

                    (Marcel Paquet. René Magritte: o pensamento tornado visível,
2000. Adaptado.)

Tal comentário aplica-se à seguinte obra do pintor belga René Magritte (1898-1967):

A


B


C


D


E