Questõesde UNICAMP 2018
Genetic Fortune-Telling
One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These
reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering
a heart attack or cancer, of
getting hooked on tobacco,
and of being smarter than
average.
Though the new DNA tests
offer probabilities, not
diagnoses, they could greatly
benefit medicine. For
example, if women at high risk for breast cancer got more
mammograms and those at low risk got fewer, those exams
might catch more real cancers and set off fewer false
alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect.
What if someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off
being screened, and then develops cancer anyway?
Polygenic scores are also controversial because they can
predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can
now forecast about 10 percent of a person’s performance
on IQ tests. But how will parents and educators use that
information?
(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology Review,
Março/Abril 2018)
De acordo com o texto, um dos riscos do prognóstico
genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de
Genetic Fortune-Telling
One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These
reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering
a heart attack or cancer, of
getting hooked on tobacco,
and of being smarter than
average.
Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not diagnoses, they could greatly benefit medicine. For example, if women at high risk for breast cancer got more mammograms and those at low risk got fewer, those exams might catch more real cancers and set off fewer false alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. What if someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off being screened, and then develops cancer anyway? Polygenic scores are also controversial because they can predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can now forecast about 10 percent of a person’s performance on IQ tests. But how will parents and educators use that information?
(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology Review, Março/Abril 2018)
De acordo com o texto, um dos riscos do prognóstico
genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de
‘Yes, I’m Italian – but I’m not loud, I don’t
gesticulate and I’m not good with pizza’
Elena Ferrante
I love my country, but I have no patriotic spirit and no
national pride. What’s more, I digest pizza poorly, I eat very
little spaghetti, I don’t speak in a loud voice, I don’t
gesticulate, I hate all mafias, I don’t exclaim “Mamma mia!”
National characteristics are simplifications that should be
contested. Being Italian, for me, begins and ends with the
fact that I speak and write in the Italian language.
Put that way it doesn’t seem like much, but really it’s a lot.
A language is a compendium of the history, geography,
material and spiritual life, the vices and virtues, not only of
those who speak it, but also of those who have spoken it
through the centuries. When I say that I’m Italian because I
write in Italian, I mean that I’m fully Italian in the only way
that I’m willing to attribute to myself a nationality. I don’t like
the other ways, especially when they become nationalism,
chauvinism, and imperialism.
(Adaptado de Elena Ferrante, ‘Yes, I´m Italian – but I´m not loud, I don´t
gesticulate and I´m not good with pizza’, The Guardian, 24/02/2018.)
Transcrevem-se, a seguir, versos de canções brasileiras e
de um poema de Vinícius de Moraes. Assinale a alternativa
que melhor exemplifica as afirmações de Elena Ferrante.
(Adaptado de https://www.teachersloungeshop.com. Acessado em 30/04/2018.)
Os dizeres da camiseta
We raise girls to cater to the fragile
egos of men. We teach girls do shrink
themselves, to make themselves
smaller. We tell girls ‘You can have
ambition, but not too much’. ‘You
should aim to be successful, but not too successful,
otherwise you will threaten the man’. (…) We teach girls
shame – ‘Close your legs, cover yourself!’. We make them
feel as though by being born female, they’re already guilty
of something. And so, girls grow up to be women who
cannot see they have desire. They grow up to be women
who silence themselves. They grow up to be women who
cannot say what they truly think. And they grow up – and
this is the worst thing we do to girls – to be women who
turn pretense into an art form.
(Adaptado da palestra “We should all be feminists”, 15/07/2009. Disponível em
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg3umXU_qWc&t=797s. Acessado em
14/05/2018.)
O texto anterior reproduz trechos de uma palestra
proferida pela escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie em
2009. Segundo a autora, o fato de serem criadas para
agradar aos homens faz com que as mulheres
We raise girls to cater to the fragile egos of men. We teach girls do shrink themselves, to make themselves smaller. We tell girls ‘You can have ambition, but not too much’. ‘You should aim to be successful, but not too successful, otherwise you will threaten the man’. (…) We teach girls shame – ‘Close your legs, cover yourself!’. We make them feel as though by being born female, they’re already guilty of something. And so, girls grow up to be women who cannot see they have desire. They grow up to be women who silence themselves. They grow up to be women who cannot say what they truly think. And they grow up – and this is the worst thing we do to girls – to be women who turn pretense into an art form.
(Adaptado da palestra “We should all be feminists”, 15/07/2009. Disponível em https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg3umXU_qWc&t=797s. Acessado em 14/05/2018.)
O texto anterior reproduz trechos de uma palestra
proferida pela escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie em
2009. Segundo a autora, o fato de serem criadas para
agradar aos homens faz com que as mulheres
(Disponível em https://www.creators.com/read/bruce-beattie/01/11/70433.
Acessado em 18/03/2018.)
Este cartum foi criado pelo norte-americano Bruce Beattie,
em 2011. Nele, o cartunista faz uso da ironia para
Antes de Copérnico, Kepler e Galileu, os cosmólogos
elaboravam sistemas que representavam os corpos
celestes por meio de esferas encaixadas umas nas outras,
propostas e desenvolvidas por Eudoxo e Aristóteles, de
modo a distinguir os mundos celeste e terrestre. É nesse
contexto, caracterizado pela tese de que o cosmo é
composto de dois mundos distintos (céu e Terra), e pelo
axioma platônico, que deve ser entendido o conteúdo da
carta de Kepler (1604). Ele apresenta uma etapa do
processo de rompimento com essa distinção e com o
axioma platônico. Na carta, Kepler apresenta os
procedimentos para obter as duas primeiras leis dos
movimentos planetários. A importância disso é tão grande
que a segunda lei aparece antes da primeira, e a lei das
áreas só se torna operante numa órbita elíptica, não
podendo ser aplicada às órbitas circulares sem produzir
discrepâncias com relação aos dados observacionais de
Tycho Brahe.
(Adaptado de Claudemir Roque Tossato, Os primórdios da primeira lei dos
movimentos planetários na carta de 14 de dezembro de 1604 de Kepler a
Mästlin. Scientiae Studia, São Paulo, v. 1, n. 2, p. 199-201, jun. 2003.)
Considerando o contexto histórico descrito e as leis físicas
apresentadas por Kepler, assinale a alternativa correta.
Largest prime number discovered: with more than 23m
digits
Known simply as M77232917, the figure is arrived at by
calculating two to the power of 77,232,917 and subtracting
one, leaving a gargantuan string of 23,249,425 digits. The
result is nearly one million digits longer than the previous
record holder discovered in January 2016. The number
belongs to a rare group of so-called Mersenne prime
numbers, named after the 17th century French monk Marin
Mersenne. Like any prime number, a Mersenne prime is
divisible only by itself and one, but is derived by multiplying
twos together over and over before taking away one. The
previous record-holding number was the 49th Mersenne
prime ever found, making the new one the 50th.
(Adaptado de Ian Sample, “Largest prime number discovered: with more than
23m digits”. The Guardian, 04/ 01/2018.)
Considerando as informações contidas no excerto anterior,
qual dos números a seguir é um primo de Mersenne?
Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend
BPA retention in the body
When people handle
receipts printed on
thermal paper
containing the
endocrine disruptor
bisphenol A (BPA), the
toxic chemical could
linger in the body for a
week or more. Jonathan
W. Martin of Stockholm University and Jiaying Liu of the
University of Alberta asked six male volunteers to handle
paper containing isotopically labeled BPA for five minutes.
The volunteers then put on nitrile gloves, wore them for two
hours, removed them, and washed their hands with soap.
Afterward, the researchers measured the labeled BPA and
its metabolites in the volunteers’ urine regularly for two
days and then once again a week later. The study only
traced the isotopically labeled (deuterated) BPA and its
metabolites, so any additional BPA exposure from other
sources was not monitored.
(Deirdre Lockwood, Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention
in the body. Chemical & Engineering News, 04/09/2017.)
O texto discorre sobre uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi
Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention in the body
(Adaptado de https://br.pinterest.com. Acessado em 10/06/2018.)
O post anterior aponta
(Adaptado de https://br.pinterest.com. Acessado em 10/06/2018.)
O post anterior aponta
A crise levaria o último governo da ditadura, chefiado pelo
general João Figueiredo (1979-85), a tomar medidas
drásticas. O objetivo inicial era deter a depreciação da
moeda nacional, incentivar as exportações e fazer frente
ao aumento do deficit em conta corrente. Assim, a moeda
foi desvalorizada em 30% no final de 1979. A medida
acentuou a desaceleração econômica, o descontrole
inflacionário e o desarranjo nas contas públicas. Em 1980,
a inflação batia a simbólica marca de 100% ao ano e em
1981 o país entrava em uma recessão.
(Adaptado de Gilberto Marangoni, Anos 1980, década perdida ou ganha?
Revista Desafios do Desenvolvimento, São Paulo, Ano 9, Edição 72, 2012.)
A partir do texto acima e de seus conhecimentos sobre a
Nova República no Brasil, assinale a alternativa correta.
A propaganda através de inscrições e desenhos em muros
e paredes é uma parte integrante da Paris revolucionária
de Maio de 1968. Ela se tornou uma atividade de massa,
parte e parcela do método de autoexpressão da
Revolução.
(Adaptado de SOLIDARITY, Paris: maio de 68. São Paulo: Conrad, 2008, p. 15.)
Considerando o texto e a imagem anteriores, assinale a
alternativa correta sobre o movimento de Maio de 1968.
Considerando o texto e a imagem anteriores, assinale a alternativa correta sobre o movimento de Maio de 1968.