Questõesde PUC - RJ 2014 sobre Inglês

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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The communicative intention of the text is to.

 

 


A
discuss the new roles labor and capital may be adopting in the globalized economy in the near future.
B
blame automation for jeopardizing unskilled workers in most developing countries in the world.
C
justify why cheap, abundant labor will continue to be the only way towards economic progress.
D
argue against the role of technology in the integration of existing sources of labor and capital.
E
reveal that globalization has played a major role in lowering communication and transaction costs.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

This paragraph would fit in immediately after the paragraph that ends in.

The authors, in the original publication of this text, added the following paragraph to support one of their arguments. “Visit a factory in China’s Guangdong Province, for example, and you will see thousands of young people working day in and day out on routine, repetitive tasks, such as connecting two parts of a keyboard. Such jobs are rarely, if ever, seen anymore in the United States or the rest of the rich world. But they may not exist for long in China and the rest of the developing world either, for they involve exactly the type of tasks that are easy for robots to do. As intelligent machines become cheaper and more capable, they will increasingly replace human labor, especially in relatively structured environments such as factories and especially for the most routine and repetitive tasks. To put it another way, offshoring is often only a way station on the road to automation.”
A
“Fortune will instead favor a third group: those who can innovate and create new products, services, and business models.” (lines 20-22).
B
“And the effect of global competition spills over to the nontradable part of the economy, in both advanced and developing economies.” (lines 40-43).
C
“And this second story is surpassing the first, with some of its greatest effects destined to hit relatively unskilled workers in developing nations.” (lines 64-67).
D
“As work stops chasing cheap labor, moreover, it will gravitate toward wherever the final market is, since that will add value by shortening delivery times, reducing inventory costs, and the like.” (lines 81-84).
E
“In more and more domains, the most cost-effective source of “labor” is becoming intelligent and flexible machines as opposed to low-wage humans in other countries.” (lines 95-98).
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 8 (lines 82-87), the author presents her main argument about what she calls “a rethink of reading".
According to her,

 

  

A
online and offline texts should be formatted the same.
B
the presentation of a text is of no importance for the reader's engagement in it.
C
the presentation of a text is of vital importance for the reader's engagement in it.
D
the packaging of a text should take into account only the aesthetical aspects of a book.
E
we find instructions for what we do with a text in online editions, only.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, digital capital.

 

 


A
has been growing fast only in the developing world.
B
may be blamed for the advances in information technology.
C
does not risk to overthrow the capital's share of national income.
D
will be responsible for the revival of the labor share around the world.
E
an emerging new factor that may pose an imminent threat to capital.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In terms of numerical reference.

 

 


A
‘one-third’ (lines 38-39) refers to the (total) amount of goods and services in advanced economies that cannot be purchased.
B
‘30 million’ (line 77) refers to the amount of manufacturing jobs that have been created in the last 18 years in China.
C
‘25 percent’ (line 78) refers to the percentage of manufacturing jobs that have been extinguished in China since 1996.
D
‘over 70 percent’ (line 79) refers to the decrease in the Chinese manufacturing output.
E
‘42’ (line 123) refers to the total number of countries researched by Karabarbounis and Neiman.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Palavras conectivas | Connective words, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions

The expression in bold and the item in italics convey equivalent ideas in.

 

 


A
“As they replicate themselves, they are also creating more capital.” (lines 15-16) – Although.
B
“Fortune will instead favor a third group: those who can innovate and create new products, services, and business models.” (lines 20-22) – thus.
C
“Even though labor is not fully mobile, the other factors increasingly are.” (lines 35-36) – Given that.
D
“As a result, the various components of global supply chains can move to labor’s location with little friction or cost.” (lines 36-38) – Yet.
E
“So after many manufacturing jobs moved from the United States to China, they appear to be vanishing from China as well.” (lines 73-75) – Therefore.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Based on the meanings the words in bold convey in the text,

 

 


A
slighted (line 11) and ignored are not synonymous.
B
reap (line 29) and gain are antonymous.
C
surpassing (line 65) and exceeding are not equivalent in meaning.
D
threaten (line 85) and menace express opposite ideas.
E
jeopardy (line 136) and peril are interchangeable in terms of meaning.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Prefixos e sufixos | Prefixes and suffixes

The alternative in which all the words contain prefixes that express the idea in brackets is.

 

 


A
unified (line 2) – intangible (line 103) [negation].
B
replicate (line 15) – decline (line 133) [repetition].
C
distribution (line 23) – increasingly (line 93) [size].
D
transaction (line 32) – income (line 120) [movement].
E
surpassing (line 65) – forecasts (line 112) [time].
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The option in which the phrase in boldface is correctly explained is.

 

 


A
‘this broad factor-price equalization’ (lines 5-6) – this equalization of factors that generates high prices.
B
‘the nontradable part of the economy’ (lines 41-42) – the part of the economy that cannot be commercialized.
C
‘interactive voice response systems’ (line 90) – voice systems which are activated by required responses.
D
‘increasingly reliable computer programs’ (lines 93-94) – computer programs that are getting more untrustworthy.
E
‘capital-based technological change’ (line 116) – capital change based on technology.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Thomas Piketty is mentioned in Paragraph 9 (lines 100-117) because he is.

 

 


A
a world-famous writer of best-selling books in the area of international affairs.
B
a visionary writer capable of anticipating capital-based technological changes all around the world.
C
a best-selling author who specializes in economic forecasts for the US in the 21st century and beyond.
D
an economist who discussed the role of capital’s share of the economy in the 21st century in a recently published book.
E
a controversial economist who believes that robots, computers and software will completely substitute human workers in the 21st century.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Automation, according to what is expressed in Paragraph 8 (lines 85-98), cannot be held fully accountable for.

 

 


A
low productivity and skill levels of workers in developed countries.
B
menacing jobs in the call center sector in the developing world.
C
developing reliable computer systems to do transcription work.
D
threatening low-wage humans in many different areas.
E
low wages paid to workers in developing countries.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In ‘In describing their findings, Karabarbounis and Neiman are explicit that progress in digital technologies is an important driver of this phenomenon’ (lines 125-128), ‘this phenomenon’ refers to the.

 

 


A
high level of the real gross domestic product in the United States.
B
decline in the relative price of investment goods in the 59 countries studied.
C
progress in digital technologies in countries such as China, India and Mexico.
D
advances in information technology and the lower price of investment goods.
E
significant declines in labor’s share of the gross domestic product in 42 countries.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 7 (lines 66-81), the author defends the idea that magazine editors should borrow some of the elements that poets have long used to cue readers to pay attention to their poems. Among these elements, the one that is NOT mentioned is:

 

  

A
The artistic language used in poetry.
B
The sparse formatting of the text.
C
The use of empty spaces around and inside the text.
D
The lack of graphic distractions.
E
The unconventional formatting of the text.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In “… part of that drop may reflect revisions in the methods of gathering data.)” (lines 79-81) the writer expresses a(n).

 

 


A
unquestionable truth.
B
concrete possibility.
C
absolute obligation.
D
logical necessity.
E
improbable guess.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

The word nudge, in the fragment “how elements of presentation and design can serve as signals to nudge the reader into the mental activities that do justice to the text.” (lines 67-70), is closest in meaning to.

 

  

A
encourage.
B
annoy.
C
disturb.
D
transform.
E
trouble.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragments “…wages are held down by increasing competition from workers displaced from the tradable sector.” (lines 59-60) and “(Reliable data on this transition are hard to come by…” (lines 75-76), held down and come by mean, respectively,

 

 


A
revealed – find.
B
restrained – obtain.
C
repressed – trust.
D
raised – acquire.
E
curbed – doubt.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the fragment “The research should also motivate publishers…” (line 66), “should” conveys the idea of.

 

  

A
obligation.
B
possibility.
C
recommendation.
D
condition.
E
request.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In Paragraph 5 (lines 44-60) the authors explain why, in a technological and globalized world,

 

 


A
high wages are earned by all workers in developing countries.
B
economic laws state that all workers cannot earn the same wages.
C
developed countries consumers do not profit from low cost competition.
D
workers in different countries can do the same task and receive similar payment.
E
displaced workers in advanced industrial countries are now employment generators.
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Pronome demonstrativo | Demonstrative pronoun, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

The demonstrative “those” (line 64), in the fragment “from those that are involved in reading your Twitter feed or thumbing through a paperback romance novel”, makes reference to.

 

  

A
styles of presentation (line 60).
B
hard-copy textbook (line 62).
C
sets off (line 63).
D
cognitive activities (line 63).
E
paperback romance novel (line 65).
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PUC - RJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, technology is “moving the world much closer to a single, large global market for labor, capital, and other inputs to production.” (lines 33-35) despite the.

 

 


A
full mobility of low-cost labor.
B
high transaction and communication costs.
C
inefficiencies in services in advanced economies.
D
rising number of tradable goods in the world.
E
lacking in mobility of the labor sector.