Questões PUC - RJ 2012 sobre Inglês

PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The communicative intention of this article is to

A

defend that the promotion of social unity and the critique of illiberal cultural practices are irreconcilable in modern society.

B

claim that the unique political perspective of interculturalism will soon eclipse that of multiculturalism, rather than complement it.

C

critically examine some ways in which the conceptions of interculturalism can be contrasted with multiculturalism.

D

support the view that the encouragement of communication and the recognition of dynamic identities are features of multiculturalism exclusively.

E

explore the political conceptions of interculturalism and justify why they are considered unsatisfactory when compared with those of multiculturalism.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering David Cameron’s and Angela Merkel’s views stated in the first paragraph, it can be said that

A

the British Prime Minister’s views conflict with those of the German Chancellor.

B

both politicians still believe multiculturalism is the solution for a peaceful world.

C

both political leaders express negative feelings about the outcome of multiculturalism.

D

their standpoints clash with the views of politicians in countries with a long immigration history like France and the Netherlands.

E

Cameron’s and Merkel’s opinions differ substantially about how multiculturalism can help countries with immigrant populations achieve development.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to Paragraph 2 (lines 11-21), multiculturalism has been ‘attacked’ because it

A

incites hatred against native populations.

B

is responsible for social ruptures and disputes.

C

stimulates moral, cultural and political conflicts.

D

certainly encourages international terrorist actions.

E

provokes socio-economic turmoil among multicultural populations.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Palavras conectivas | Connective words

The word in bold is substituted by the word in parentheses, without change in meaning, in

A

“despite Germany having never adopted a multiculturalist policy agenda.” - lines 9-10 (furthermore)

B

“even though an anti-multicultural rhetoric has now achieved traction” - lines 12-13 (since)

C

“Alongside these anxieties over multiculturalism,” - line 22 (in spite of)

D

“Indeed, 2008 was designated as the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue (EYID),” - lines 42-44 (However)

E

“Thus it encourages resentment, fragmentation and disunity.” - lines 124-125 (Hence)

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

UNESCO and the Council of Europe are referred to in paragraph 4 (lines 31-48) because

A

these two organisms first coined the term interculturalism.

B

they defend the use of the term multiculturalism in place of interculturalism.

C

these agencies exemplify the claim for the integration of social groups through intercultural dialogues.

D

the Council of Europe has promoted German and Greek education programs that UNESCO has funded.

E

both UNESCO and the Council of Europe have established 2008 as the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms

Based on the meanings of the words in the text, it can be said that

A

entrenched (line 17) and ‘rooted’ express contradictory ideas.

B

alleged (line 85) and ‘declared’ are synonyms.

C

herald (line 88) and ‘hide’ express similar ideas.

D

churning (line 90) and ‘turbulent’ are antonyms.

E

backlash (line 152) and ‘reaction’ have opposite meanings.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In Paragraph 5 (lines 49-57), it is suggested that the terms multiculturalism and interculturalism

A

reflect totally different social perspectives.

B

are synonymous and can always be used interchangeably.

C

convey partially different conceptions in an attempt to respond to cultural diversity.

D

offer distinct political and religious perspectives to condemn multicultural societies.

E

are identical concepts since interculturalism is merely a new name for multiculturalism.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to paragraph 7 (lines 65-76), it can be inferred that Charles Taylor

A

is not recognized by many as the real father of the term multiculturalism.

B

is a renowned politician who argues in favor of cultural interdependence

C

wrote a sound defense of multiculturalism in the history of Canadian society.

D

believes that people should always fight against the expectations of others.

E

defends the view that identities are shaped through dialogue and mutual exchange.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “An intercultural perspective is better served to these sociological realities, it is argued, in a way that can be contrasted against a multiculturalism that emphasises strong ethnic or cultural identities at the expense of wider cultural exchanges.” (lines 92-96), the expression ‘at the expense of…’ can be substituted, without change in meaning, by

A

owing to

B

in addition to

C

in opposition to

D

regardless of

E

to the detriment of

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The fragment “it is argued’ (line 93) can be substituted without misinterpreting the meaning given in the context by

A

people say

B

one could challenge

C

everyone believes

D

it can be contested

E

we, authors of this text, support

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs

The boldfaced expression conveys the idea of advice in

A

“To find an explicit political interculturalism we need to turn to Quebec,”(lines 98-99)

B

“This can be prevented or overcome through an interculturalism that promotes community cohesion on a local level and the subscription to national citizenship identities.” (lines 125-128)

C

“and so is more likely to emphasise the protection of individual rights.” (lines 150-151)

D

“It is much better to acknowledge that the ‘multi’ in ‘multiculturalism’ will encompass different kinds of groups and does not itself privilege any one kind,” (lines 177-179)

E

“but that ‘recognition’ should be given to the identities that marginalised groups themselves value and find strength in,” (lines 180-182)

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms

In the fragments “The interesting aspect of our discussion here is that they do so in a way that relies upon a formulation of groups,” (lines 102-104)” and “As such, they are less concerned with the diversity of the location that migrants and ethnic minorities are from,” (lines 110-112), ‘relies upon’ and ‘concerned with’ mean, respectively,

A

depends on - interested in

B

puts trust in - confident in

C

counts on - indifferent to

D

contrasts with - affected by

E

disposes of - connected with

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The argumentation presented in the fragment “On the other hand, the less macro-level European interculturalism that focuses on neighborhoods, classroom pedagogy, the funding of the arts and so on is not a critique of multiculturalism but a different exercise.” (lines 114-118) is structured by

A

problem-solution

B

comparison-contrast

C

chronological sequence

D

cause-effect

E

enumeration

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Prefixos e sufixos | Prefixes and suffixes

The alternative in which all the words contain prefixes that express the idea in brackets is

A

embattled (line 15) – displaced (line 18) - resurgent (line 26) [repetition]

B

dependence (line 73) - anti-multiculturalist (line 119) - contravention (line 161) [opposition]

C

macro-level (line 114) - overcome (line 125) - subscription (line 127) [size]

D

disunity (line 125) - unwilling (line 138) - illiberality (line 147) [negation]

E

prevented (line 125) - retrospective (line 135) – unable (line 138) [time]

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression “this charge” (line 151) in the context of the paragraph it is inserted in refers to the

A

claim that multiculturalism lends itself to illiberality and relativism.

B

capacity of multiculturalism to criticize and censure culture.

C

fact that religion takes a conservative line on several issues.

D

protection of individual rights.

E

process of intercultural dialogue.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In “…the latter is alleged to license such practices.” (lines 169-170) the expression “the latter” refers to

A

discourses of individual rights and secularism (lines 161-162)

B

criminal sharia law (line 167)

C

positive law (line 167)

D

the radical “otherness” (line 168)

E

multiculturalism (line 169)

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

All of the following statements reflect characteristics of the concept of interculturalism EXCEPT

A

communication amongst different social groups will favor recognition of each other’s identities.

B

cultural exchanges allow for the understanding of the different sociological characteristics of the communities.

C

cohesion among groups of different social or national backgrounds can be reached by a blending in of their differences into a more unified overall identity.

D

minorities should be encouraged to incorporate the traditions of the dominant social group so that a national identity be preserved.

E

intercultural dialogue has room for critical perspectives on cultural differences and for the defense of individual and minority rights.

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The authors, in the original publication of this text, added the following paragraph to support one of their arguments.

“Another landmark text is Bhikhu Parekh’s Rethinking Multiculturalism (2000). His argument is that cultural diversity has an intrinsic value precisely because it challenges people to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their own cultures and ways of life. He distinguishes his multiculturalism from various liberal and communitarian positions that may recognise that cultures can play an important role in making choices meaningful for their members, or host the development of the self for the members of that culture.”

This paragraph would fit in immediately after the paragraph that ends in

A

“… opportunities to learn from different cultural traditions’.” (lines 47-48)

B

“… the things our significant others want to see in us’.” (lines 75-76)

C

“…or cultural identities at the expense of wider cultural exchanges.” (lines 95-96)

D

“…diversity that is explicitly in opposition to federal Canadian multiculturalism.” (lines 106-107)

E

“...such contemporary concerns do not enjoy a widespread appeal.” (lines 135-136)

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the full version of this article, when argumenting their thesis, the authors included the excerpt below as an illustration of one of their statements.

“Clitoridectomy, for example, is often cited as an illiberal practice in the discussions we are referring to. It is, however, a cultural practice among various ethnic groups, and has little support from any religion; indeed, religious condemnation may be the most effective way of eliminating it. So to favour ethnicity and problematise religion is a reflection of a secularist bias that has alienated many religionists, especially Muslims.”

Which statement from the text would this example support?

A

“…or encouraged a moral hesitancy amongst ‘native’ populations.” (lines 19-20)

B

“It is said that the diversity of the locations that migrants and ethnic minorities herald from gives rise not to the creation of communities or groups but to a churning mass of languages, ethnicities and religions all cutting across each other and creating a ‘superdiversity’.” (lines 87-92)

C

“whereas interculturalism has the capacity to criticise and censure culture (as part of a process of intercultural dialogue), and so is more likely to emphasise the protection of individual rights.” (lines 147-151)

D

“This is problematic given that some of these practices are not religious but cultural.” (lines 175-176)

E

“but that ‘recognition’ should be given to the identities that marginalised groups themselves value and find strength in, whether these be racial, religious or ethnic.” (lines 180-182)

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PUC - RJ 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

“The European Parliament and Council adopted the Decision to implement the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue 2008 (EYID) in December 2006, as a component of the EU’s response to increasing cultural diversity in Europe. The EYID aimed to promote the benefits of this diversity, encouraging all those living in Europe to explore its cultural heritage and take advantage of opportunities to learn from different cultural traditions. The emphasis was on intercultural dialogue, as distinct from multiculturalism, the former implying interaction and developing common solutions, rather than simply living side-by-side.”

From Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue, published in August 2009, .

This excerpt can be said to

A

disclose the aims of the EYID differently from what has been informed by Modood & Meer.

B

express a distinct definition of multiculturalism from that conveyed by Modood & Meer’s text.

C

support the coexistence of different cultural traditions in juxtaposed non-interactive environments.

D

reinforce the concept of interculturalism as integration and blending as Modood & Meer exposed.

E

contrast with Modood & Meer’s argument in favor of cultural diversity and learning from distinct social traditions.

Questõesde PUC - RJ 2012 sobre Inglês

The communicative intention of this article is to

Considering David Cameron’s and Angela Merkel’s views stated in the first paragraph, it can be said that

According to Paragraph 2 (lines 11-21), multiculturalism has been ‘attacked’ because it

The word in bold is substituted by the word in parentheses, without change in meaning, in

UNESCO and the Council of Europe are referred to in paragraph 4 (lines 31-48) because

Based on the meanings of the words in the text, it can be said that

In Paragraph 5 (lines 49-57), it is suggested that the terms multiculturalism and interculturalism

According to paragraph 7 (lines 65-76), it can be inferred that Charles Taylor

The fragment “it is argued’ (line 93) can be substituted without misinterpreting the meaning given in the context by

The boldfaced expression conveys the idea of advice in

The argumentation presented in the fragment “On the other hand, the less macro-level European interculturalism that focuses on neighborhoods, classroom pedagogy, the funding of the arts and so on is not a critique of multiculturalism but a different exercise.” (lines 114-118) is structured by

The alternative in which all the words contain prefixes that express the idea in brackets is

The expression “this charge” (line 151) in the context of the paragraph it is inserted in refers to the

In “…the latter is alleged to license such practices.” (lines 169-170) the expression “the latter” refers to

All of the following statements reflect characteristics of the concept of interculturalism EXCEPT