Questõesde FGV sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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FGV 2014, FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Egypt’s liberals, in general,

LIBERALS AND ISLAMISTS

By Shadi Hamid 

Adapted from Time, August 12, 2013. 

A
can win democratic political victories only with the support of Egypt’s military.
B
have lost most of the widespread support that the great mass of Egyptians had once given them.
C
chose not to set up a democratic opposition to President Mohamed Morsi.
D
have continued to support Egypt’s democratically elected parliament while, at the same time, being opposed to President Mohamed Morsi.
E
remained neutral when President Mohamed Morsi was removed from power by Egypt’s military.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
warned the scientific community of the chaotic state of most meteorological research methods.
B
was the first meteorologist to divulge the fact that unless two initial states are exactly the same, they must evolve differently.
C
was the first meteorologist to use mathematical equations to determine patterns of atmospheric convection.
D
had access only to rudimentary mathematical models and therefore achieved limited success in determining patterns of atmospheric convection.
E
was the first meteorologist to study the nature of various patterns of atmospheric convection.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, the science of weather forecasting

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
is in many ways harder than fundamental physics.
B
will probably never even partially solve its most basic equations.
C
must confront a number of hidden factors that make accurate weather predictions impossible.
D
must deal with a factor that, by its very nature, can act in unpredictable ways after a certain period of time.
E
is working to achieve a reasonable degree of accuracy for predictions dealing with periods of two weeks or more.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last paragraph, the phrase “…it’s no wonder they were long considered a matter of divine providence” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
There are good reasons to believe that the laws of mathematics rule weather patterns.
B
It’s surprising that some people used to believe that God controlled the various aspects of the weather.
C
It’s understandable that, for a big period of time, many believed the weather’s various elements were subject to the will of some kind of god.
D
It is recognized that, for a big period of time, many believed the weather’s various elements were controlled by a kind of divine mathematical construction.
E
It’s understandable that for many years most people believed that the causes and effects of the weather were beyond the limit of human knowledge.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Michael Fish

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
ruined his reputation as a meteorologist by forecasting a terrible storm that, in the end, did not occur.
B
was famous for committing a number of mistakes when he forecast the weather on British television.
C
was ridiculed for announcing that a hurricane would strike England much later that it actually did.
D
assured his television audience that there was no need to worry because hurricanes never reach England.
E
once issued a television weather forecast that has since been unequalled in terms of inaccuracy.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, during the period from 1987 to the present,

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
Western Europe has been able to make use of longer and more accurate weather forecasts.
B
the science of weather forecasting has been stagnant, unable to make new discoveries or find new solutions to serious problems.
C
popular wisdom has often helped to predict the weather with astonishing accuracy.
D
it has finally been proven that predicting tomorrow’s weather by using observations of today’s weather is a highly inaccurate method.
E
steady progress in the science of weather forecasting has made five-day forecasts prevalent and reliable around the world.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 2, the sentence “That joke, however, is becoming less funny” most likely refers to which of the following ideas?

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
It is no longer surprising when a weather forecast is inaccurate.
B
Bad weather can be inconvenient in any situation and so is not inherently funny.
C
As global weather conditions are becoming more and more severe, an inaccurate weather forecast could be disastrous.
D
Someone who suffers because of an inaccurate weather forecast is less likely to make jokes about extreme weather.
E
The world’s increasing tendency to suffer from extreme weather conditions has made weather forecasting even more vulnerable to inaccuracies.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, the author thinks it is unusual that

Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013 

A
weather forecasting seems to attract only second-rate scientists.
B
although weather forecasting is a fundamentally important activity, people tend to consider it hopelessly untrustworthy.
C
people refuse to take weather forecasting seriously, even though recently it has been shown to be very effective.
D
people seem to believe that weather forecasting is more of an exact science than it really is.
E
the vital social and economic importance of weather forecasting is something that people never take into consideration.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

8 According to the information in the article, which of the following was a characteristic found exclusively in those snails trained in epi-infused water?


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
The training sessions made their pneumostomes more sensitive to physical stimulation.
B
They developed a lower tolerance to oxygen-poor water.
C
On average, they incorporated new behavioral patterns three times faster than did snails trained in plain water.
D
After they had been trained to modify one kind of behavior, it was relatively easy to train them to modify other kinds of behavior.
E
After they had been trained to modify one kind of behavior, it was relatively hard to train them to abandon that modified behavior.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, pond snails


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
have two lungs for breathing underwater but only one lung for breathing at the surface of the water.
B
breathe through their skin when they are out of water.
C
rely on the pneumostome to breathe when they leave water that contains little oxygen.
D
regulate their breathing as an automatic response both to extreme climatic conditions and to the presence of strong physical stimuli.
E
E cannot breathe through the pneumostome after they leave oxygen-rich water.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last sentence of paragraph 2, “that” in “And that is what the team did” most likely refers to which of the following?


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
By physically manipulating the snails’ pneumostomes at the right moment, the team trained the snails to modify their breathing habits.
B

By incapacitating the snails’ breathing orifices at the right moment, the team was able to test the snails’ ability to remember.

C
By stimulating several parts of the snails’ respiratory systems at the right moment, the team strengthened the snails’ ability to remember.
D
By touching the snails’ pneumostomes at the right moment, the team trained the snails to breathe through their skin when out of water.
E
By putting the snails in epi-infused water at the right moment, the team trained the snails to spend more time breathing at the surface of the water.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Kenneth D. Lukowiak and his team discovered in one test that


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
snails in plain water needed fewer training sessions in order to modify their breathing habits.
B
they could modify the snails’ breathing habits by stimulating the snails’ lungs rather than their pneumostomes.
C

a group of snails could stay below the surface of epi-infused water for three days in a row.

D
the modified breathing behavior of snails in epi-infused water lasted more than 20 hours longer than did that of snails in plain water.
E
it was possible to train two groups of snails to breathe less frequently both underwater and at the surface of the water.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely one of Kenneth D. Lukowiak’s opinions?


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
Epi will work on humans in the same way that it works on pond snails.
B
Epi works by circumventing the nervous system of the pond snail.
C

A connection between the serotonin receptors and the osphradium allows pond snails to optimize epi’s memory-enhancing benefits.

D
Neurons may be essential components in the way epi works on pond snails.
E
Epi’s ability to improve memory in pond snails is still a promising but unproved hypothesis.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 1, the sentence “But is that so?” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
Is it true that epi really does offer a number of health benefits?
B
Is it possible that snails can improve their memory by consuming epi?
C
Is improved memory the most important benefit that results from consuming epi?
D
Could it be that epi strengthens rather than weakens the ability to remember?
E
Do only humans gain an improved memory by consuming epi?
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Kenneth D. Lukowiak and two colleagues


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
identified Lymnaea stagnalis as the type of pond snail most affected by epi.
B
tried to find out what effect epi has on the memory of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
C
discovered that, in some cases, epi weakens the breathing system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
D
tested the hypothesis that epi is the only flavonoid that improves the memory of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
E
suggested that epi’s memory-enhancing properties work only for the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, epicatechin (epi)


Adapted from Natural History, November, 2012 


A
A is the most abundant and beneficial of all the flavonoids.
B
is a “superfood” chemical found in most organic-food items.
C
is often prescribed in order to stimulate the brain’s ability to remember.
D
was found to be the one element that chocolate, green tea, and red wine have in common.
E
may be useful in strengthening the body against certain health problems.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

As mentioned in the last paragraph, which of the following probably best explains why English juries “used to throw tied-up defendants into a body of water”?


A
It was considered an appropriate punishment for certain crimes.
B
It was an effective way to get defendants to admit their guilt.
C
If a defendant got out of the water, the jury would accept this as an indication of that person’s innocence.
D
The English believed it was the only way to prove innocence or guilt.
E
The strong punitive instinct of the English caused them to seek vengeance instead of justice.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
In general, it is easier to discover who committed a crime than to understand why that crime was committed.
B
If laws dealing with punishments are not clear and specific, judges and juries will tend to be too lenient with criminals.
C
In every society, the idea of what constitutes any crime is always evolving.
D
Abstract legal philosophy has nothing to do with the way the law really works.
E
In their essence, criminal law systems share a fundamental purpose.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following questions most likely expresses the “simple but eternal problem” mentioned in paragraph 3?


A
How should society deal with a person when his or her illegal act upsets public order and co-operation?
B
How can a legal system be designed to punish criminals in a way that will deter others from practicing illegal acts?
C
Should a society that puts a high value on co-operation tolerate the presence of criminals and psychopaths?
D
Since it is so advantageous to live in a co-operative society, why do some people engage in illegal or anti-social behavior?
E
What criteria should determine whether or not a person is truly responsible for the crime he or she commits?
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to punishment, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
Because killing a human being disturbs public order and co-operation, it must always be punished severely.
B
Deciding how to punish often depends more on why a person committed an illegal act than on the result of that illegal act.
C
Certain serious crimes must be severely punished without exception, regardless of why those crimes were committed.
D
A sad personal history should not be used as a way to avoid punishment for a serious crime.
E
Punishing premeditated criminal activity severely is the most effective way to deter other premeditated criminal activity.