Questõessobre Palavras cognatas | Cognate words

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'Post-truth' named word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries

In the era of Donald Trump and Brexit, Oxford Dictionaries has declared “post-truth” to be its international word of the year.

Defined by the dictionary as an adjective “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief”, editors said that use of the term “post-truth” had increased by around 2,000% in 2016 compared to last year. The spike in usage, it said, is “in the context of the EU referendum in the United Kingdom and the presidential election in the United States”.

Contenders for the title had included the noun “alt-right”, shortened from the fuller form “alternative right” and defined as “an ideological grouping associated with extreme conservative or reactionary viewpoints, characterised by a rejection of mainstream politics and by the use of online media to disseminate deliberately controversial content”. First used in 2008, its use “surged” this spring and summer, said the dictionary, with 30% of usage in August alone.

But the increase in usage of post-truth saw the term eventually emerge ahead of the pack. “We first saw the frequency really spike this year in June with buzz over the Brexit vote and Donald Trump securing the Republican presidential nomination. Given that usage of the term hasn’t shown any signs of slowing down, I wouldn’t be surprised if post-truth becomes one of the defining words of our time,” predicted Oxford Dictionaries president Casper Grathwohl.

“It’s not surprising that our choice reflects a year dominated by highly-charged political and social discourse. Fuelled by the rise of social media as a news source and a growing distrust of facts offered up by the establishment, post-truth as a concept has been finding its linguistic footing for some time.”

Disponível em:<https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/15/post-truth-named-word-of-the-year-by-oxford-dictionaries>.Acesso em: 21 fev. 2017. (Adaptado).

os vocábulos em destaque em I wouldn’t be surprised if… e It’s not surprising that… são formas de verbos no particípio e passado.

a frase “alt-right”, shortened from the fuller form “alternative right” explica o sentido com que o termo “altright” é empregado no contexto em discussão.

a ideia oposta a objective facts are less influential than appeals to emotion está expressa em: objective facts are most influential than appeals to emotion.

os termos election, alternative, politics, content e dictionary são cognatos, isto é, seus equivalentes em português possuem forma e significado semelhantes.

a afirmação editors said that use of the term “post-truth” had increased…, no discurso direto, seria: Editors said, ‘use of the term “post-truth” have increased…’.

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No final do 13º parágrafo – "When the wind kicked up, everyone near me snapped their heads toward where a fire burned less than a mile away." – o termo sublinhado é um Modal Verb.

O 1º e o 5º parágrafos apresentam algumas comparações, com imagens diversas, que vão da inspiração na arte ao terror, chegando a impressionar o leitor, tal é a situação da Austrália em chamas.

No 13º parágrafo, há uma variação de tempos verbais, porém, no trecho – "When the wind kicked up, everyone near me snapped their heads toward where a fire burned less than a mile away." – predomina o Simple Past.

No trecho (7º parágrafo): "With officials in New South Wales announcing Thursday that heavy rain had helped them finally extinguish or control all the state’s fires that have raged this Australian summer, the country seems to be reflecting and wondering what comes next.," as palavras sublinhadas são cognatas, porém officials, em negrito, é um false friend.

No trecho (10º parágrafo): "If there’s not a major shift that comes out of this, we’re doomed,‖ said Robyn Eckersley, a political scientist at the University of Melbourne who has written extensively about environmental policy around the world. "It does change everything — or it should.", as palavras destacadas apresentam relação de sinonímia, mas, nesse contexto, shift é substantivo e change é verbo.

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Texto 1

US President Donald Trump has defended his use of social media in a series of tweets, following a row over comments he made about two MSNBC TV presenters.

"My use of social media is not presidential – it's modern day presidential," he tweeted on Saturday.

His tweets are condemned by Democrats and Republicans alike, despite the White House springing to his defence.

Mr Trump's aides have previously expressed concern over his tweets.

But the president said on Saturday that social media gave him the opportunity to connect directly to the public, bypassing the mainstream media, whose content Mr Trump regularly labels as "fake news".

"The FAKE & FRAUDULENT NEWS MEDIA is working hard to convince Republicans and others I should not use social media," he tweeted, adding: "But remember, I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches and social media."

Mr Trump also stepped up his attack on CNN after the US news network retracted an article alleging that one of the president's aides was under investigation by Congress.

"I am extremely pleased to see that @CNN has finally been exposed as #FakeNews and garbage journalism. It's about time!"

The story that caused the upset, which was later removed from the website following an internal investigation, resulted in the resignations of three CNN journalists: Thomas Frank, investigative unit editor and Pulitzer Prize winner Eric Lictblau and Lex Harris, who oversaw the investigations unit.

Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40471536.

Em: His tweets are condemned by Democrats and Republicans alike (…), empregou-se a voz passiva (Present tense), indicando certa formalidade do discurso.

Nos trechos: 'whose content Mr Trump regularly labels as “fake news”.‟ e 'resulted in the resignations of three CNN journalists (…)‟, as palavras sublinhadas são falsas cognatas.

No último parágrafo, deu-se preferência ao uso dos verbos no Simple Past, sendo que o verbo empregado na frase 'who oversaw the investigations unit.' é irregular.

Em: "I am extremely pleased to see that @CNN has finally been exposed as #FakeNews and garbage journalism.(…)", os termos sublinhados são advérbios de tempo e modo, respectivamente.

A expressão 'It's about time!', empregada no final do penúltimo parágrafo, pode ser traduzida, em português, por 'Já estava na hora!'.