A alternativa que melhor expressa a idéia da frase “had he been able to start
all over again, he would have begun with culture” é:
GLOBALISATION, HUMANISM, MODERNITY:
IN SEARCH OF EQUILIBRIUMMonica Grigorescu*Our time has proved to be amazingly effective in gropingly building up
a civilization which it has proved amazingly inept at putting in order.
(André Maliaux)
After so many crises which have followed each other in as many
areas, we ought to admit that industrial and technological civilization
is creating as many problems as it is capable of resolving. The myth of
progress, one of the founding myths of our civilization, also appears to
have collapsed as a myth. The development of modern society, spectacular
as it is from an economist’s angle of vision, has not been able to society;
stop a slide into human and moral underdevelopment. A deterioration of
quality in relation to quantity makes only those things that can be actually
measured appear to be real; unfortunately, things like poetry, suffering,
or love are hardly quantifiable.
Towards the end of his eventful life, Jean Monnet, a remarkable
figure of the twentieth century, reasoned that, had he been able to start
all over again, he would have begun with culture. A founding father
of what was later to become the European Union, he expressed that
belated belief in the pre-eminent role of culture as a part of greater
civilization after he had tried for several decades to build a prosperous
Europe in economic terms in the aftermath of a devastating war.
*Director of the House of Latin America of the Ministry of Foreign Affair of Romania.
Revista Direito Mackenzie
Towards the end of his eventful life, Jean Monnet, a remarkable figure of the twentieth century, reasoned that, had he been able to start all over again, he would have begun with culture. A founding father of what was later to become the European Union, he expressed that belated belief in the pre-eminent role of culture as a part of greater civilization after he had tried for several decades to build a prosperous Europe in economic terms in the aftermath of a devastating war.
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: D
Tema central: trata-se de interpretação de uma oração condicional do tipo 3 (hipótese passada irreal). Identificar a estrutura temporal e o sentido hipotético é essencial para uma tradução/interpretação fiel.
Resumo teórico rápido: Condicional tipo 3 indica situação contrafactual no passado. Estrutura padrão: If + past perfect, would have + past participle. É comum ocorrer inversão formal sem "if": Had he been… = If he had been…. Fonte útil: Cambridge Dictionary — conditional sentences.
Por que a alternativa D é a correta: A frase original expressa: “Se ele pudesse recomeçar (hipótese passada), ele começaria pela cultura.” A alternativa D rende esse sentido de forma clara e fiel: “Cultura é por onde ele iniciaria caso pudesse recomeçar.” Mantém a ideia de hipótese (condição) e o resultado correspondente, sem inserir palavras ou mudar a voz/verbo.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A — “Ele teria começado pela cultura se tivesse sido convencido a recomeçar.” Erro: introduz convencido, elemento que não consta no original. Acrescenta sentido indevido.
B — “A cultura teria sido revista se ele tivesse sido capaz de fazê-lo.” Erro: muda para voz passiva (“teria sido revista”) e altera a ação (rever ≠ começar); distorce o sentido.
C — “Ele daria um “start” na cultura caso tivesse sido capaz.” Problema: uso de anglicismo coloquial (“start”) e ambiguidade em “tivesse sido capaz” (capaz de quê?). Menos preciso e menos formal que o original.
E — “Sua habilidade de reiniciar teria sido posta em prática se ele tivesse mais cultura.” Erro grave: altera a lógica causal — sugere que faltava cultura para ele recomeçar, quando o original diz que, recomeçando, ele optaria por começar pela cultura. Inverte a relação.
Estratégias para prova: identifique o tempo verbal (past perfect + would have) e procure inversões (“Had he…”) que equivalem a “If he had…”. Elimine alternativas que adicionem ideias não presentes ou mudem voz/verbo. Prefira traduções que preservem a relação condição → consequência.
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