Questão 6d1b90ec-eb
Prova:CÁSPER LÍBERO 2009
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
Choose the alternative that best translates the words: coup, boost, overthrew,
issued, covert.
Choose the alternative that best translates the words: coup, boost, overthrew,
issued, covert.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.
• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
A
golpe, impulso, derrubou, publicou, secreto.
B
levante, divulgação, rejeitou, isolou, convertido.
C
marcha, promoção, levantou, emitiu, distorcido.
D
regime, auxílio, arruinou, prorrogou, coberto.
E
insurreição, aumento, lançou, tematizou, oculto.
Gabarito comentado
O
Osvaldo TorresMonitor com apoio de IA
Gabarito: A
Fundamento decisivo: O critério decisivo é a correspondência lexical contextual dos trechos “military coup”, “receive a boost”, “overthrew the elected government”, “issued its report” e “CIA covert media operations”. Neles, coup = golpe, boost = impulso/reforço, overthrew = derrubou, issued = publicou/emitiu e covert = secreto/encoberto; por isso, somente a alternativa A mantém a sequência semanticamente adequada.
Tema central: tradução contextual de vocabulário
Análise das alternativas
A
Certa
A alternativa A acerta a sequência exigida pelo texto. “Coup” aparece em “military coup” com sentido político-institucional de golpe. “Boost”, em “receive a boost”, indica reforço ou impulso. “Overthrew the elected government” exige o sentido de derrubou ou depôs o governo. “Issued its report”, ligado a relatório, admite publicou no uso contextual apresentado. “Covert”, qualificando operações da CIA, significa secreto. A correção decorre da correspondência lexical contextual integral dos cinco termos.
B
Errada
A alternativa é incompatível com o contexto em vários pontos. “Divulgação” não traduz “boost”, que no trecho significa impulso ou reforço. “Rejeitou” não corresponde a “overthrew”, porque o verbo no texto indica derrubar ou depor governo. “Isolou” não traduz “issued”, que está no campo de emitir ou publicar relatório. “Convertido” não traduz “covert”, que significa secreto ou clandestino. Ainda que “levante” tenha alguma aproximação abstrata com movimentos políticos, o texto exige especificamente “military coup” = golpe.
C
Errada
A alternativa falha no sentido central dos termos. “Marcha” não traduz “coup”, que no texto é golpe de Estado. “Promoção” não traduz adequadamente “boost” em “receive a boost”, expressão de reforço ou impulso. “Levantou” não corresponde a “overthrew”, pois o contexto é derrubar o governo. “Distorcido” não traduz “covert”, que qualifica operações secretas da CIA. Embora “emitiu” fosse compatível com “issued”, isso não salva a alternativa, porque a sequência precisa estar correta no conjunto.
D
Errada
Há desvio semântico relevante em quase toda a sequência. “Regime” não traduz “coup”. “Arruinou” não equivale a “overthrew” no sentido institucional de depor ou derrubar governo. “Prorrogou” não tem relação com “issued its report”, que significa emitiu ou publicou relatório. “Coberto” não expressa adequadamente “covert” no uso de inteligência e operações da CIA, em que o sentido é secreto, clandestino ou encoberto. “Auxílio” pode sugerir ajuda, mas não resolve o erro dos demais itens e não é a melhor equivalência contextual para “boost”.
E
Errada
A alternativa não preserva os sentidos exigidos pelos trechos do texto. “Insurreição” tem alguma proximidade parcial com “coup”, mas o contexto pede especificamente golpe de Estado. “Aumento” não é a melhor tradução contextual de “boost”, que no trecho funciona como impulso ou reforço. “Lançou” não traduz “overthrew”, porque o verbo se refere a derrubar o governo. “Tematizou” é totalmente incompatível com “issued its report”, que está no campo de emitir ou publicar relatório. “Oculto” tem proximidade com “covert”, mas a sequência continua errada pelos demais itens.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explora a confusão entre sinônimos apenas aproximados e a tradução contextual exata da sequência inteira; o erro típico é aceitar uma alternativa porque um ou dois termos parecem plausíveis, ignorando que o contexto fixa “coup” como golpe, “overthrew” como derrubou e “issued” como publicou/emitiu relatório.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Leia a palavra dentro da expressão do texto, não isoladamente: “military coup” e “issued its report” já restringem fortemente a tradução possível.
- Em vocabulário político-jornalístico, priorize o sentido institucional do termo: “overthrew the elected government” exige derrubar ou depor governo, não verbo genérico.
- Valide a alternativa pelo conjunto completo; uma opção com um item aceitável continua errada se falhar nos demais.
- Quando o termo estiver ligado a inteligência ou espionagem, como “covert media operations”, use o campo semântico de secreto, clandestino ou encoberto.
