Questão 6d182422-eb
Prova:CÁSPER LÍBERO 2009
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
Choose the alternative that best explains the meaning of the following words from
the text above: chaired, charges, guild, mogul, currency.
Choose the alternative that best explains the meaning of the following words from
the text above: chaired, charges, guild, mogul, currency.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.
• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
A
presided, formal assertions of illegality, association, magnate, medium of exchange.
B
undertook, taking positions of responsibility, corruption, mason, currentness.
C
ruled, requiring payment, leadership, religious man, up-to-dateness.
D
seated, formal responsibilities, programming, giant, prevalence.
E
sat, obligations, body, muslim, actuality.
Gabarito comentado
G
Gustavo LimaMonitor com apoio de IA
Gabarito: A
Fundamento decisivo: O critério decisivo é a equivalência semântica em contexto, com base nos trechos “committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church”, “The ethics charges against Edwards”, “expelled from the press guild”, “country’s leading media mogul” e “Chilean currency”; neles, chaired significa presidido por, charges são acusações formais, guild é associação profissional, mogul é magnata e currency é moeda/meio de troca, o que torna a alternativa A a única compatível com os cinco itens ao mesmo tempo.
Tema central: Vocabulário em contexto
Análise das alternativas
A
Certa
A alternativa A é a correta porque preserva o sentido contextual dos cinco vocábulos. Em “committee chaired by...”, chaired tem valor institucional de “presided”. Em “ethics charges against Edwards”, charges significa acusações formais, compatível com “formal assertions of illegality” no contexto ético-jurídico. Em “press guild”, guild designa associação ou corporação profissional. Em “media mogul”, mogul corresponde a magnate. Em “Chilean currency”, currency é moeda ou meio de troca em circulação. A base registra que apenas essa alternativa mantém correspondência lexical adequada para todos os itens.
B
Errada
Está errada em todos os pontos relevantes: undertook não equivale a chaired no trecho da comissão; “taking positions of responsibility” não corresponde a charges, que ali são acusações formais; corruption não corresponde a guild, que é entidade profissional; mason não corresponde a mogul, que indica grande empresário influente; currentness não corresponde a currency. Há ainda confusão por semelhança formal entre currency e currentness, mas os sentidos são distintos.
C
Errada
Ruled não é o equivalente preciso de chaired no contexto de presidência de comissão. “Requiring payment” não corresponde a charges no trecho, porque o contexto é ético-jurídico, não financeiro. Leadership não traduz guild, que é associação profissional. Religious man não corresponde a mogul. Up-to-dateness não corresponde a currency, que no texto é moeda/divisa em circulação.
D
Errada
Seated erra o sentido de chaired ao tomar o termo em chave física, quando o texto exige sentido institucional de presidir. “Formal responsibilities” não equivale a charges, que são acusações. Programming não corresponde a guild, que designa associação/corporação profissional. Giant não é o equivalente lexical adequado para mogul no contexto de poder econômico e empresarial. Prevalence não corresponde a currency.
E
Errada
Sat não equivale a chaired, porque o trecho não trata do ato de sentar, mas de presidir uma comissão. Obligations não corresponde a charges no contexto de acusações éticas formais. Body é vago e não traduz adequadamente guild como associação profissional. Muslim não corresponde a mogul. Actuality não corresponde a currency, que no texto se refere a moeda ou meio de troca.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explora falsos caminhos por semelhança formal ou sentido literal inadequado: chaired não é “sentar”, charges não é “cobrança” aqui, e currency não se relaciona a current/currentness, mas a moeda em circulação.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Fixe o trecho exato em que cada palavra aparece e identifique o campo semântico ativado pelo contexto: institucional, ético-jurídico, profissional, empresarial ou econômico.
- Elimine alternativas que acertam uma palavra isolada, mas falham nas demais; o critério é compatibilidade global com todos os itens.
- Desconfie de equivalências por semelhança gráfica ou tradução literal defeituosa, especialmente quando o contexto já delimita um sentido técnico ou idiomático.
