No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Those over 65 need
about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers
need eight to 10 hours”, o termo em destaque tem sentido
de
Question: Is there anything I can do to train
my body to need less sleep?
Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016
Many people think they can teach themselves
to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid
Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian
Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s
Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re
getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves,
Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our
self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep
over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of
judging your own sleep perception,” she said.
Multiple studies have shown that people don’t
functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need.
There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy
adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per
night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those
over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average,
while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age
children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues
to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.
Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune
disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea
Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland
School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that
governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need
for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get
misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day,
she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening,
digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise
at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.
(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?
Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016
Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.
Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.
Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.
(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
É comum as palavras terem mais de um significado. Com “while" não é diferente, a depender do contexto “while" pode ser traduzido – dentre outras possibilidades - para enquanto, durante, embora e, até mesmo, tempo. Por isso, a questão demanda atenção.
A partir da leitura do texto percebe-se que, neste contexto, “while" é uma conjunção temporal que introduz a ideia “ao mesmo tempo que", os dois eventos (necessidade x horas de sono por idosos e adolescentes são concomitantes).
Vamos às opções:
Alternativa A
Durante é uma preposição que expressa duração num determinado período de tempo. Embora durante seja uma das possíveis traduções para “while", não é este o sentido de "while" no texto. Veja que não faz sentido dizer que os idosos precisam de cerca de 7,5 horas de sono, durante os adolescentes precisam de cerca de 9 horas. A alternativa A está ERRADA.
Alternativa B.
Como tem vários significados. Como conjunção, pode indicar: i) conforme; de acordo com; ii) causa; iii) comparação; e, iv) adição. Nenhum destes sentidos dá a ideia de concomitância que estamos buscando. A alternativa B está ERRADA.
Alternativa C.
Ao longo de tem a mesma ideia de algo que perdura no tempo que vimos na alternativa A. Ora, também não faz sentido dizer que os idosos precisam de cerca de 7,5 horas de sono, ao longo de os adolescentes precisam de cerca de 9 horas. A alternativa C está ERRADA.
Alternativa D
Já que é uma expressão que cria uma relação de causa e efeito. Ao usarmos este substituto, teríamos que os idosos precisam de cerca de 7,5 horas de sono, já que os adolescentes precisam de cerca de 9 horas. A necessidade de sono dos adolescentes seria a causa para a necessidade de sono dos idosos. Tal afirmativa não faria sentido. A alternativa C está, pois, ERRADA.
Alternativa E.
Enquanto significa ao mesmo tempo que, ao passo que, reproduzindo a ideia de concomitância necessária para traduzir o sentido de"while" no contexto apresentado. Veja: Aqueles com mais de 65 anos precisam, em média, de sete a oito horas de sono, enquanto os adolescentes precisam de oito a 10 horas. A alternativa E está CORRETA.
RESPOSTA: E
