No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “The more you deprive
yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less
accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception”,
os termos em destaque indicam
Question: Is there anything I can do to train
my body to need less sleep?
Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016
Many people think they can teach themselves
to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid
Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian
Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s
Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re
getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves,
Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our
self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep
over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of
judging your own sleep perception,” she said.
Multiple studies have shown that people don’t
functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need.
There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy
adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per
night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those
over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average,
while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age
children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues
to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.
Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune
disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea
Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland
School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that
governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need
for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get
misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day,
she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening,
digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise
at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.
(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?
Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016
Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.
Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.
Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.
(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
A expressão “The more/the ..." é uma expressão correlativa comparativa. Trata-se de uma construção em par (paired construction) que introduz duas orações correspondentes e expressa que duas coisas variam juntas.
Vejamos o trecho em análise: “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception". Vemos que a capacidade de autoavaliação diminui à medida que a privação de sono aumenta.
Tendo isso em mente, vejamos, dentre as opções de resposta, aquela que contenha a ideia de que os dois elementos variam juntos, um aumenta enquanto o outro diminui na mesma intensidade.
Alternativa A.
ERRADA. Finalidade diz respeito a realização de um propósito ou objetivo. Não há noção de alcançar um ou outro objetivo.
Alternativa B.
ERRADA. Preferência diz respeito a ação de preferir, de escolher um entre outros. No texto, não há uma escolha entre a privação de sono e a capacidade de autoavaliação.
Alternativa C.
CORRETA. Proporcionalidade é a qualidade do que é proporcional. Proporcional, por sua vez, aponta uma relação idêntica de intensidade, grandeza, grau etc. Como vimo, no texto, um fato (privação de sono) é relacionado proporcionalmente à ocorrência do outro (capacidade de autoavaliação).
Alternativa D.
ERRADA. Exclusão diz respeito ao ato ou efeito de excluir, segregar, deixar de fora. Como vimos na explicação acima, não é o caso. Nenhum dos dois elementos (privação de sono e capacidade de autoavaliação) é extraído.
Alternativa E.
ERRADA. Substituição diz respeito à colocação de pessoa ou coisa em lugar de outra. Também não é o caso. Os dois elementos coexistem (privação de sono e capacidade de autoavaliação).
RESPOSTA: C
