Questõesde UNIFESP 2015

1
1
Foram encontradas 45 questões
700f39fc-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Nos Estados Unidos, o valor de US$ 36.375 refere-se

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
ao salário mínimo anual em 2015.
B
à renda familiar anual da maioria dos estudantes de baixa renda em escolas públicas.
C
ao valor considerado necessário para a sobrevivência de uma família de quatro pessoas.
D
ao valor do nível federal de pobreza anterior, que em 2015 foi reduzido para US$ 24.250.
E
a uma vez e meia o valor do nível federal de pobreza para uma família de quatro pessoas.
6febebc9-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, Malala Yousafzai was shot because she

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
defends girls’ rights to education.
B
was campaigning in a school bus.
C
is a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
D
rejected Taliban books.
E
left Pakistan and went to Lebanon.
6ff90774-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Sinônimos | Synonyms

Analise o trecho do terceiro parágrafo “I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets”, para responder à questão.


O termo “must” pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
has to.
B
can.
C
might.
D
used to.
E
ought to.
700bad2c-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Palavras conectivas | Connective words

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain”, a expressão em destaque introduz uma

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
finalidade.
B
causa.
C
condição.
D
reiteração.
E
estimativa.
701b0048-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

A Dra. Joan Luby afirma que

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    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
há medidas de baixo custo que podem ser tomadas, mesmo na idade adulta, para minimizar o problema.
B
o estudo deve continuar para aprofundar os dados científicos e sugerir quais ações devem ser implementadas em curto prazo.
C
escreverá um editorial na próxima edição do periódico JAMA Pediatrics para avaliar o estudo e sua contribuição para a literatura médica.
D
o tratamento do déficit de massa cinzenta no cérebro da criança deve ser iniciado logo que constatado.
E
o estudo oferece bases científicas suficientes para que sejam tomadas medidas no âmbito da saúde pública.
6feff51b-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

On her 18th birthday, Malala

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
decided to live in Lebanon to help refugees establish schools.
B
talked to 200 welcoming girls aged 14 to 18.
C
celebrated in a school drawing butterflies with other girls.
D
visited three schools for refugees in Syria.
E
urged world leaders to invest in education and not in weapons.
6fe8eb47-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Based on the information the text presents, one can say that

Leia o texto para responder à questão.




    “They don’t see us as a powerful economic force, which is an incredible ignorance.” – Salma Hayek, actor, denouncing sexism in Hollywood at the Cannes Film Festival; until recently, she added, studio heads believed women were interested only in seeing romantic comedies.


(Time, 01.06.2015.)

A
both Hollywood and Cannes are important economic forces that promote romantic comedies.
B
Salma Hayek believes Cannes Film Festival organizers are ignorant because they have a biased image of women.
C
failing to recognize women as an economic force is a sexist behaviour.
D
Cannes Film Festival used to portray women in romantic comedies.
E
most women in the United States would disagree with Salma Hayek.
6ff30624-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

Analise o trecho do terceiro parágrafo “I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets”, para responder à questão.

A expressão “instead of” indica uma ideia de

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
simultaneidade.
B
paralelismo.
C
comparação.
D
substituição.
E
ênfase.
7004b66b-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Os estudos anteriores à pesquisa liderada pelo Dr. Seth Pollak evidenciam que

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
os estudantes de famílias de baixa renda passam menos tempo no sistema educacional que os de famílias de renda superior.
B
a maioria dos estudantes do sistema educacional público é oriunda de famílias de baixa renda.
C
as escolas públicas dos Estados Unidos tentaram minimizar o impacto da pobreza sobre a educação.
D
as escolas com grande número de alunos de famílias de baixa renda são mal avaliadas.
E
o sistema educacional dos Estados Unidos deve atender melhor as crianças mais pobres.
70089b84-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The objective of the study led by Dr. Seth Pollak was to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
compare the gray and the white matter in the brain in low-income children.
B
identify the role gray matter plays in cognitive development in school settings.
C
define the amount of gray matter a child should present to perform well in school.
D
research if the lower school performance could be attributed to poverty effects on children’s brains.
E
assess the distribution and quantity of gray matter in the whole brain.
70131c5a-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information presented in the fifth and sixth paragraphs, one can say that

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
children living below the federal poverty level shall display 3 to 4 percent less gray matter in their brain.
B
standardized test scores should not be a measure to reflect brain development.
C
the poorer the family, the lower a child is likely to score in standardized tests due to gray matter deficit.
D
about 20 percent of school children display a low performance in test scores.
E
the federal poverty level continued to go downward and more poor students have left school in 2015.
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UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information presented in the sixth paragraph, brain growth is likely to occur due to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
poor sleep.
B
playing games.
C
hearing fewer new words.
D
crowding.
E
high stress levels.
7000e914-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Segundo o texto, a pesquisa publicada no periódico JAMA Pediatrics aponta que a pobreza

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Poverty may hinder kids’ brain development, study says

    Reduced gray matter, lower test scores reported for poor children

July 20, 2015



    Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. “We used to think of poverty as a ‘social’ issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth,” said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

   The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013.

    Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers.

    To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a child’s brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. “Gray matter contains most of the brain’s neuronal cells,” Pollak said. “In other words, other parts of the brain – like white matter – carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur.”

    Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level – US$ 36,375 for a family of four – had 3 percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said.

    The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in children’s brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said.

    This study serves as a call to action, given what’s already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “The thing that’s really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point,” said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective,” Luby said. “They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective.”


(www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.)

A
causa deficiências nutricionais que, por sua vez, diminuem a quantidade de massa branca no cérebro.
B
desequilibra a relação entre a massa cinzenta e a massa branca no cérebro das crianças.
C
é uma questão biomédica que afeta o desenvolvimento cerebral infantil.
D
impele os alunos de escolas particulares para as escolas públicas.
E
é um problema eminentemente social que afeta sobremaneira as crianças.
6ffcc63a-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Segundo o texto,

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

 

Sylvia Westall

July 13, 2015

Bekaa Valley, Lebanon


 

 

  Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

   “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

   “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

    Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

    Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

 

(www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

A
há mais refugiados sírios no Líbano do que os quatro milhões na Jordânia.
B
mais de 25% dos moradores do Líbano são refugiados.
C
as fronteiras libanesas estão abertas aos sírios.
D
há 4,27 milhões de refugiados sírios no Líbano.
E
os refugiados podem se estabelecer no Líbano somente por quatro anos.
6fe20ce3-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Português - Termos integrantes da oração: Objeto direto, Objeto indireto, Complemento nominal, Agente da Passiva, Sintaxe

“Até que treze tiros nos acordam, e com horror digo tarde demais – vinte e oito anos depois que Mineirinho nasceu – que ao homem acuado, que a esse não nos matem.” (4º parágrafo)

Os termos “a esse” e “nos” constituem, respectivamente,

Leia o excerto da crônica “Mineirinho” de Clarice Lispector (1925-1977), publicada na revista Senhor em 1962, para responder à questão.

    

   É, suponho que é em mim, como um dos representantes de nós, que devo procurar por que está doendo a morte de um facínora1. E por que é que mais me adianta contar os treze tiros que mataram Mineirinhodo que os seus crimes. Perguntei a minha cozinheira o que pensava sobre o assunto. Vi no seu rosto a pequena convulsão de um conflito, o mal-estar de não entender o que se sente, o de precisar trair sensações contraditórias por não saber como harmonizá-las. Fatos irredutíveis, mas revolta irredutível também, a violenta compaixão da revolta. Sentir-se dividido na própria perplexidade diante de não poder esquecer que Mineirinho era perigoso e já matara demais; e no entanto nós o queríamos vivo. A cozinheira se fechou um pouco, vendo-me talvez como a justiça que se vinga. Com alguma raiva de mim, que estava mexendo na sua alma, respondeu fria: “O que eu sinto não serve para se dizer. Quem não sabe que Mineirinho era criminoso? Mas tenho certeza de que ele se salvou e já entrou no céu”. Respondi-lhe que “mais do que muita gente que não matou”.

  Por quê? No entanto a primeira lei, a que protege corpo e vida insubstituíveis, é a de que não matarás. Ela é a minha maior garantia: assim não me matam, porque eu não quero morrer, e assim não me deixam matar, porque ter matado será a escuridão para mim.

   Esta é a lei. Mas há alguma coisa que, se me faz ouvir o primeiro e o segundo tiro com um alívio de segurança, no terceiro me deixa alerta, no quarto desassossegada, o quinto e o sexto me cobrem de vergonha, o sétimo e o oitavo eu ouço com o coração batendo de horror, no nono e no décimo minha boca está trêmula, no décimo primeiro digo em espanto o nome de Deus, no décimo segundo chamo meu irmão. O décimo terceiro tiro me assassina — porque eu sou o outro. Porque eu quero ser o outro.

    Essa justiça que vela meu sono, eu a repudio, humilhada por precisar dela. Enquanto isso durmo e falsamente me salvo. Nós, os sonsos essenciais. Para que minha casa funcione, exijo de mim como primeiro dever que eu seja sonsa, que eu não exerça a minha revolta e o meu amor, guardados. Se eu não for sonsa, minha casa estremece. Eu devo ter esquecido que embaixo da casa está o terreno, o chão onde nova casa poderia ser erguida. Enquanto isso dormimos e falsamente nos salvamos. Até que treze tiros nos acordam, e com horror digo tarde demais – vinte e oito anos depois que Mineirinho nasceu – que ao homem acuado, que a esse não nos matem. Porque sei que ele é o meu erro. E de uma vida inteira, por Deus, o que se salva às vezes é apenas o erro, e eu sei que não nos salvaremos enquanto nosso erro não nos for precioso. Meu erro é o meu espelho, onde vejo o que em silêncio eu fiz de um homem. Meu erro é o modo como vi a vida se abrir na sua carne e me espantei, e vi a matéria de vida, placenta e sangue, a lama viva. Em Mineirinho se rebentou o meu modo de viver.


(Clarice Lispector. Para não esquecer, 1999.)


1facínora: diz-se de ou indivíduo que executa um crime com crueldade ou perversidade acentuada.

2Mineirinho: apelido pelo qual era conhecido o criminoso carioca José Miranda Rosa. Acuado pela polícia, acabou crivado de balas e seu corpo foi encontrado à margem da Estrada Grajaú-Jacarepaguá, no Rio de Janeiro.

A
objeto indireto e objeto direto.
B
objeto indireto e objeto indireto.
C
objeto direto preposicionado e objeto direto.
D
objeto direto preposicionado e objeto indireto.
E
objeto direto e objeto indireto.
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UNIFESP 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O termo “they” refere-se a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.




    “They don’t see us as a powerful economic force, which is an incredible ignorance.” – Salma Hayek, actor, denouncing sexism in Hollywood at the Cannes Film Festival; until recently, she added, studio heads believed women were interested only in seeing romantic comedies.


(Time, 01.06.2015.)

A
powerful economic force.
B
sexism in Hollywood studios.
C
Hollywood studio heads.
D
women.
E
Cannes Film Festival organizers.
6fa4b866-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Tipos de Discurso: Direto, Indireto e Indireto Livre

“Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe” (2º parágrafo)

Reescrito em ordem direta, tal trecho assume a seguinte forma:

Leia o excerto do “Sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes” de Antônio Vieira (1608-1697) para responder à questão.

     A primeira cousa que me desedifica, peixes, de vós, é que vos comeis uns aos outros. Grande escândalo é este, mas a circunstância o faz ainda maior. Não só vos comeis uns aos outros, senão que os grandes comem os pequenos. [...] Santo Agostinho, que pregava aos homens, para encarecer a fealdade deste escândalo mostrou-lho nos peixes; e eu, que prego aos peixes, para que vejais quão feio e abominável é, quero que o vejais nos homens. Olhai, peixes, lá do mar para a terra. Não, não: não é isso o que vos digo. Vós virais os olhos para os matos e para o sertão? Para cá, para cá; para a cidade é que haveis de olhar. Cuidais que só os tapuias se comem uns aos outros, muito maior açougue é o de cá, muito mais se comem os brancos. Vedes vós todo aquele bulir, vedes todo aquele andar, vedes aquele concorrer às praças e cruzar as ruas: vedes aquele subir e descer as calçadas, vedes aquele entrar e sair sem quietação nem sossego? Pois tudo aquilo é andarem buscando os homens como hão de comer, e como se hão de comer.
     [...]
  Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe: Plebem meam, porque a plebe e os plebeus, que são os mais pequenos, os que menos podem, e os que menos avultam na república, estes são os comidos. E não só diz que os comem de qualquer modo, senão que os engolem e os devoram: Qui devorant. Porque os grandes que têm o mando das cidades e das províncias, não se contenta a sua fome de comer os pequenos um por um, poucos a poucos, senão que devoram e engolem os povos inteiros: Qui devorant plebem meam. E de que modo se devoram e comem? Ut cibum panis: não como os outros comeres, senão como pão. A diferença que há entre o pão e os outros comeres é que, para a carne, há dias de carne, e para o peixe, dias de peixe, e para as frutas, diferentes meses no ano; porém o pão é comer de todos os dias, que sempre e continuadamente se come: e isto é o que padecem os pequenos. São o pão cotidiano dos grandes: e assim como pão se come com tudo, assim com tudo, e em tudo são comidos os miseráveis pequenos, não tendo, nem fazendo ofício em que os não carreguem, em que os não multem, em que os não defraudem, em que os não comam, traguem e devorem: Qui devorant plebem meam, ut cibum panis. Parece-vos bem isto, peixes?

(Antônio Vieira. Essencial, 2011.)
A
Deus diz que os homens, senão declaradamente a sua plebe, comem não só o seu povo.
B
Diz Deus que os homens comem não só o seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe.
C
Deus diz que os homens comem não só o seu povo, senão a sua plebe declaradamente.
D
Os homens comem não só o seu povo, senão a sua plebe declaradamente, diz Deus.
E
Os homens comem não só o seu povo, diz Deus, senão declaradamente a sua plebe.
6fa17907-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Português - Preposições, Morfologia

“Santo Agostinho, que pregava aos homens, para encarecer a fealdade deste escândalo mostrou-lho nos peixes; e eu, que prego aos peixes, para que vejais quão feio e abominável é, quero que o vejais nos homens.” (1º parágrafo)

Nas duas ocorrências, o termo “para” estabelece relação de

Leia o excerto do “Sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes” de Antônio Vieira (1608-1697) para responder à questão.

     A primeira cousa que me desedifica, peixes, de vós, é que vos comeis uns aos outros. Grande escândalo é este, mas a circunstância o faz ainda maior. Não só vos comeis uns aos outros, senão que os grandes comem os pequenos. [...] Santo Agostinho, que pregava aos homens, para encarecer a fealdade deste escândalo mostrou-lho nos peixes; e eu, que prego aos peixes, para que vejais quão feio e abominável é, quero que o vejais nos homens. Olhai, peixes, lá do mar para a terra. Não, não: não é isso o que vos digo. Vós virais os olhos para os matos e para o sertão? Para cá, para cá; para a cidade é que haveis de olhar. Cuidais que só os tapuias se comem uns aos outros, muito maior açougue é o de cá, muito mais se comem os brancos. Vedes vós todo aquele bulir, vedes todo aquele andar, vedes aquele concorrer às praças e cruzar as ruas: vedes aquele subir e descer as calçadas, vedes aquele entrar e sair sem quietação nem sossego? Pois tudo aquilo é andarem buscando os homens como hão de comer, e como se hão de comer.
     [...]
  Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe: Plebem meam, porque a plebe e os plebeus, que são os mais pequenos, os que menos podem, e os que menos avultam na república, estes são os comidos. E não só diz que os comem de qualquer modo, senão que os engolem e os devoram: Qui devorant. Porque os grandes que têm o mando das cidades e das províncias, não se contenta a sua fome de comer os pequenos um por um, poucos a poucos, senão que devoram e engolem os povos inteiros: Qui devorant plebem meam. E de que modo se devoram e comem? Ut cibum panis: não como os outros comeres, senão como pão. A diferença que há entre o pão e os outros comeres é que, para a carne, há dias de carne, e para o peixe, dias de peixe, e para as frutas, diferentes meses no ano; porém o pão é comer de todos os dias, que sempre e continuadamente se come: e isto é o que padecem os pequenos. São o pão cotidiano dos grandes: e assim como pão se come com tudo, assim com tudo, e em tudo são comidos os miseráveis pequenos, não tendo, nem fazendo ofício em que os não carreguem, em que os não multem, em que os não defraudem, em que os não comam, traguem e devorem: Qui devorant plebem meam, ut cibum panis. Parece-vos bem isto, peixes?

(Antônio Vieira. Essencial, 2011.)
A
consequência.
B
conformidade.
C
proporção.
D
finalidade.
E
causa.
6f87e85d-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

De acordo com a história narrada pelo soneto,

Leia o soneto do poeta Luís Vaz de Camões (1525?-1580) para responder à questão.

Sete anos de pastor Jacob servia
Labão, pai de Raquel, serrana bela;
mas não servia ao pai, servia a ela,
e a ela só por prêmio pretendia.

Os dias, na esperança de um só dia,
passava, contentando-se com vê-la;
porém o pai, usando de cautela,
em lugar de Raquel lhe dava Lia.

Vendo o triste pastor que com enganos
lhe fora assi negada a sua pastora,
como se a não tivera merecida,

começa de servir outros sete anos,
dizendo: “Mais servira, se não fora
para tão longo amor tão curta a vida”.

(Luís Vaz de Camões. Sonetos, 2001.)
A
Labão engana Jacob, entregando-lhe a filha Lia, em vez de Raquel.
B
Labão aceita ceder Lia a Jacob, se este lhe entregar Raquel.
C
Labão obriga Jacob a trabalhar mais sete anos para obter o amor de Lia.
D
Jacob descumpre o acordo feito com Labão, negando-lhe a filha Raquel.
E
Jacob morre antes de completar os sete anos de trabalho, não obtendo o amor de Raquel.
6f9d2703-06
UNIFESP 2015 - Português - Interpretação de Textos, Homonímia, Paronímia, Sinonímia e Antonímia, Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

Em “Cuidais que só os tapuias se comem uns aos outros, muito maior açougue é o de cá, muito mais se comem os brancos.” (1º parágrafo), os termos em destaque foram empregados, respectivamente, em sentido

Leia o excerto do “Sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes” de Antônio Vieira (1608-1697) para responder à questão.

     A primeira cousa que me desedifica, peixes, de vós, é que vos comeis uns aos outros. Grande escândalo é este, mas a circunstância o faz ainda maior. Não só vos comeis uns aos outros, senão que os grandes comem os pequenos. [...] Santo Agostinho, que pregava aos homens, para encarecer a fealdade deste escândalo mostrou-lho nos peixes; e eu, que prego aos peixes, para que vejais quão feio e abominável é, quero que o vejais nos homens. Olhai, peixes, lá do mar para a terra. Não, não: não é isso o que vos digo. Vós virais os olhos para os matos e para o sertão? Para cá, para cá; para a cidade é que haveis de olhar. Cuidais que só os tapuias se comem uns aos outros, muito maior açougue é o de cá, muito mais se comem os brancos. Vedes vós todo aquele bulir, vedes todo aquele andar, vedes aquele concorrer às praças e cruzar as ruas: vedes aquele subir e descer as calçadas, vedes aquele entrar e sair sem quietação nem sossego? Pois tudo aquilo é andarem buscando os homens como hão de comer, e como se hão de comer.
     [...]
  Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe: Plebem meam, porque a plebe e os plebeus, que são os mais pequenos, os que menos podem, e os que menos avultam na república, estes são os comidos. E não só diz que os comem de qualquer modo, senão que os engolem e os devoram: Qui devorant. Porque os grandes que têm o mando das cidades e das províncias, não se contenta a sua fome de comer os pequenos um por um, poucos a poucos, senão que devoram e engolem os povos inteiros: Qui devorant plebem meam. E de que modo se devoram e comem? Ut cibum panis: não como os outros comeres, senão como pão. A diferença que há entre o pão e os outros comeres é que, para a carne, há dias de carne, e para o peixe, dias de peixe, e para as frutas, diferentes meses no ano; porém o pão é comer de todos os dias, que sempre e continuadamente se come: e isto é o que padecem os pequenos. São o pão cotidiano dos grandes: e assim como pão se come com tudo, assim com tudo, e em tudo são comidos os miseráveis pequenos, não tendo, nem fazendo ofício em que os não carreguem, em que os não multem, em que os não defraudem, em que os não comam, traguem e devorem: Qui devorant plebem meam, ut cibum panis. Parece-vos bem isto, peixes?

(Antônio Vieira. Essencial, 2011.)
A
literal, figurado e figurado.
B
figurado, figurado e literal.
C
literal, literal e figurado.
D
figurado, literal e figurado.
E
literal, figurado e literal.