Questõesde UNB sobre Inglês

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UNB 2023 - Inglês - Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Verbos | Verbs

Judge the items from 23 through 26 based on the preceding infographic.


The modal verb “will” is used in most sentences of the infographic because the World Health Organization is showing the reader some projections about the future of the world regarding climate change. 

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38198152-b9
UNB 2023 - Inglês - Adjetivos | Adjectives, Vocabulário | Vocabulary

Regarding the preceding comic strip and the conversation between the rabbit and the kid, judge the following item.


The passage “to make it free for kids to go to the movies” (third box) can be correctly rewritten as to make kids free to go to the cinema.

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37f6c7da-b9
UNB 2023 - Inglês - Palavras conectivas | Connective words

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.  


The word “Whereas” (second sentence of the first paragraph) can be correctly replaced, without changing the meaning of the text, by While

          Israel and the Palestinian territories are among the most climate vulnerable places on the planet. Whereas worldwide temperatures have increased by an average of 1.1 °C (1.9 °F) since pre-industrial times, in Israel and the surrounding areas, average temperatures have risen by 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) between 1950 and 2017, with a forecasted increase of 4 °C (7.2 °F) by the end of the century. Meanwhile, rising sea levels — projected by Israel’s Environment Ministry to be as high as a meter by 2050, according to a new investigative report by Haaretz newspaper — threaten to obliterate Israel’s famed beaches, damage its desalination plants and undermine the sewage and drainage systems of many coastal cities. In the densely populated Gaza strip, where 2.1 million Palestinians are crammed into 365 square km (141 sq. mi.), sea level rise means a loss of precious real estate as well as saltwater intrusion into an already overtaxed aquifer.

         In an arid region already threatened by desertification and declining precipitation, one would think that the looming climate catastrophe would catalyze a powerful climate movement. Instead, the whole thing is largely an afterthought. In Israel and the Palestinian territories the threat is both existential and more acute. In this contested land, climate action is hamstrung by zerosum battles over territorial, political and historic rights, even as a warming climate exacerbates those tensions. 


Aryn Baker. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is also
a looming climate disaster. Time, January 2023 (adapted). 
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37f4a899-b9
UNB 2023 - Inglês - Pronomes | Pronouns

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.  


In the second paragraph, the pronoun “one” in “one would think” could be, without harming the grammar of the sentence, replaced by you or by people.

          Israel and the Palestinian territories are among the most climate vulnerable places on the planet. Whereas worldwide temperatures have increased by an average of 1.1 °C (1.9 °F) since pre-industrial times, in Israel and the surrounding areas, average temperatures have risen by 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) between 1950 and 2017, with a forecasted increase of 4 °C (7.2 °F) by the end of the century. Meanwhile, rising sea levels — projected by Israel’s Environment Ministry to be as high as a meter by 2050, according to a new investigative report by Haaretz newspaper — threaten to obliterate Israel’s famed beaches, damage its desalination plants and undermine the sewage and drainage systems of many coastal cities. In the densely populated Gaza strip, where 2.1 million Palestinians are crammed into 365 square km (141 sq. mi.), sea level rise means a loss of precious real estate as well as saltwater intrusion into an already overtaxed aquifer.

         In an arid region already threatened by desertification and declining precipitation, one would think that the looming climate catastrophe would catalyze a powerful climate movement. Instead, the whole thing is largely an afterthought. In Israel and the Palestinian territories the threat is both existential and more acute. In this contested land, climate action is hamstrung by zerosum battles over territorial, political and historic rights, even as a warming climate exacerbates those tensions. 


Aryn Baker. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is also
a looming climate disaster. Time, January 2023 (adapted). 
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efc51486-b8
UNB 2024 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms

About the preceding text, judge the following item.


The first sentence of the first paragraph would still keep both its original meaning and its grammar correctness if the word “might” were replaced with can

         The idea that we might one day be able to construct some artefact which has a mind in the same sense that we have minds is not a new one. It has featured in entertaining and frightening fictions since Mary Shelley first conceived of Frankenstein’s monster.

        In the classic science fiction of the early to mid-twentieth century, this idea was generally cashed out in terms of ‘mechanical men’ or robots – from the Czech word robata, which translates roughly as the feudal term corvée, a term which refers to the unpaid labour provided to one’s liege lord.

    In more modern fiction, the idea of a mechanical mind has given way to the now commonplace notion of a computational artificial intelligence. The possibility of actually developing artificial intelligence, however, is not just a question of sufficiently advanced technology. It is rather a philosophical question. 



Matt Carter. Minds and Computers: an introduction to the philosophy of artficial intelligence. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007 (adapted). 

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106b4fa7-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item. 

In section 1, it would be correct to use Exercising instead of “Exercise”, which, despite causing a slight difference in meaning, would not change the message conveyed.

Read the following infographic.

    

                               


                                                                                                          Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)

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1063c12f-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Verbos frasais | Phrasal verbs, Verbos | Verbs

Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item. 

In the sentence at the top of the infographic, the word “relinquish” could be correctly replaced with give up, which is more informal.

Read the following infographic.

    

                               


                                                                                                          Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)

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105bd3d8-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Tipos de advérbios | Types of adverbs, Artigos definido e indefinidos | Definite and indefinite articles

Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.


In the excerpt “as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness” (in the last sentence of the second paragraph), the presence of “the” indicates that people’s happiness depends on them having their civil and political rights respected and guaranteed. 

  Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence, autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute; no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job, wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example, constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
  Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be, define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness.
  The international justification for your freedom is by reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and object of international conventions. The most basic of all these rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion, association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections, and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have internationally defined and protected human rights.

Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted). 
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1056e359-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.


The expression “Broadly speaking” (second paragraph) indicates that what follows is a general take on the subject, without considering exceptions or specificities. 

  Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence, autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute; no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job, wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example, constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
  Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be, define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness.
  The international justification for your freedom is by reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and object of international conventions. The most basic of all these rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion, association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections, and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have internationally defined and protected human rights.

Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted). 
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1054317d-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.


In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the words “others” and “yours” are both in their plural form.

  Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence, autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute; no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job, wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example, constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
  Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be, define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness.
  The international justification for your freedom is by reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and object of international conventions. The most basic of all these rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion, association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections, and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have internationally defined and protected human rights.

Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted). 
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104c9002-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Pronome reflexivo | Reflexive Pronoun, Pronomes | Pronouns

Judge the following item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.

The pronoun “themselves” (in the third sentence of the second paragraph) refers to “Some philosophers”, in the same sentence. 

  Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence, autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute; no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job, wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example, constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
  Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be, define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness.
  The international justification for your freedom is by reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and object of international conventions. The most basic of all these rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion, association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections, and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have internationally defined and protected human rights.

Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted). 
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102d62a1-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice

Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.

The passage “which they believed was a key factor” (first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten in the passive voice as which was believed to be a key factor, without this changing the meaning and coherence of the text.



  On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The document acknowledged the contribution made by the then princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter, it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a subordinate role restricted to private household and family affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible, but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
  In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes Slemian.

Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
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10267ef0-93
UNB 2022 - Inglês - Pronomes | Pronouns

Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.

In the title of the letter alluded to in the first paragraph, the word “her” is used four times with the same meaning and could correctly be replaced by his in all four cases, had the letter been written to the Prince.



  On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The document acknowledged the contribution made by the then princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter, it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a subordinate role restricted to private household and family affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible, but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
  In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes Slemian.

Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
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c717af92-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Orações Relativas e pronomes relativos | Relative clauses and relative pronouns, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

The word “which” in the fragment “which have imposed new methods” refers to “industrialization and scientific progress” (L.14).

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c7bb8cc7-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

The word “shrinking” in “to combat shrinking biodiversity” (L.22) is the same as stretching.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c85edaa7-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

The verb “to prevent” in the fragment “may not prevent languages from dying out” (L. 24) is closest in meaning to incite.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c672c6a9-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary

The word “sharp” in the fragment “caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity” (L.8-9) is synonymous with progressive.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c51c790d-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The disappearance of minority languages may be accompanied by the emergence of new variants spawned by the diversification of dominant languages.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c5cf7fec-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Ten languages have died out each year all through the world.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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c3254713-48
UNB 2010 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Given the speed at which languages are dying out, 15 per cent of the languages spoken today will have disappeared in a period of 300 years.

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According to the text above, judge the following items.

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