Questõesde PUC - RJ sobre Inglês

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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The novelist Ian McEwan

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
states that themes like revenge and gratitude are only represented in literature from the Industrial Revolution onwards.
B
argues that themes of 19th century literature are already present in primitive cultures.
C
thinks it is not possible to enjoy literature from a time remote from our own.
D
believes that ancient cultures did not have the habit of storytelling.
E
does not legitimate evolutionary readings of literature.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to paragraphs 9 and 10 (lines 63-84),

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
readers love villains in 19th century novels.
B
heroines in fiction never fall in love with unfaithful men.
C
we tend to be compassionate for evil beings in fictional works.
D
antagonists are commonly performed with a foreign accent in American movies.
E
older men are generally considered more physically attractive by romantic heroines.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “Along these lines, various studies have identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives across the world” (lines 39-41), the expression “Along these lines” can be replaced, without a change in meaning, by

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
Similarly
B
Definitely
C
Meanwhile
D
Nevertheless
E
For that reason
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The author mentions the anthropologist Daniel Smith in the sixth paragraph (lines 39-50) of the text because he

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
is known for being a great storyteller.
B
contradicts, through his studies, what the evolutionary theory suggests. 
C
is against the idea that storytelling is a human necessity.
D
belongs to a community in the Philippines culturally identified with the habit of storytelling.
E
developed one of the researches that identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives.
3bde7b80-f7
PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the third paragraph of the text (lines 16-22), it is INCORRECT to state that storytelling

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
sharpens our minds.
B
enhances selfishness.
C
makes us socially more clever
D
helps us think of different strategies.
E
may be regarded as a kind of mental game.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The boldfaced expression introduces an idea of RESULT in

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
“Although we have no firm evidence of storytelling before the advent of writing,” (lines 1-2)
B
“As humans evolved to live in bigger societies, for instance, we needed to learn how to cooperate” (lines 31-32)
C
“Our capacity for storytelling – and the tales we tell – may have therefore also evolved as a way of communicating the right social norms.” (lines 36-38)
D
“while the protagonists appeared to be less individualistic and ambitious” (lines 60-62)
E
“unless we shared some common emotional ground, some deep reservoir of assumptions, with the writer” (line 103-105)
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Concerning the vocabulary used in the text, one may affirm that

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
 “assume” (line 2) and confirm are synonyms.
B
“depict” (line 5) and illustrate are antonyms.
C
“overbearing” (line 34) cannot be substituted by arrogant.
D
“dwindled” (line 52) and declined express similar ideas.
E
“trigger” (line 77) and activate express opposite ideas.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The message contained in the fragment “and the more people read fiction, the easier they find it to empathise with other people” (lines 26-28) is that the reading of fiction

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
makes readers experience feelings of communion and understanding with those who read the same books.
B
makes it easy for readers to identify with the feelings, thoughts and attitudes of fictional characters.
C
 is a good way of sharing experiences with the author, fictional characters and reading communities.
D
is only advantageous when people have time enough to invest in the reading of literature.
E
is highly beneficial for the development of feelings of compassion and affinity among people.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The main purpose of the article is to

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
report on the role of protagonists and antagonists in more than 200 novels.
B
justify why people should read about the major themes of the English 19th century novels.
C
discuss the relevance of stories to the social and emotional development of human beings.
D
reveal that cooperation has been a central theme in popular narratives since the Industrial Revolution.
E
 examine the importance of evil figures in fantasy and horror stories to enhance our sense of philanthropy.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses advice is

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
“Today, we may not gather around the camp fire, but the average adult is still thought to spend at least 6% of the waking day engrossed in fictional stories on our various screens.” (lines 7-10)
B
“Evolutionary theory can also shed light on the staples of romantic fiction” (lines 63-64)
C
“The ‘dads’ might be the better choice for the long-term security and protection of your children” (lines 66-67)
D
“McEwan argues we should celebrate these evolved tendencies as the very source of fiction’s power to cross the continents and the centuries.” (lines 98-100)
E
“It would not be possible to enjoy literature from a time remote from our own…” (lines 101-102)
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The title of the article – “Dairy Godfathers” – implies that

A
the author highlights the religious aspects which are discussed in the text.
B
Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country.
C
the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion.
D
the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria
E
the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragments “Organisations funding bakeries and local councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.” (lines 57-59)” and “The government has financed its huge deficits by printing money and eating up its foreign reserves.” (lines 85-87), rely on and eat up mean, respectively,

A
count on – put aside
B
depend on – preserve
C
dismiss – devastate
D
request – throw out
E
put trust in – consume wholly
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The word in bold can be replaced by the word(s) in parentheses, without change in meaning, in

A
“Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war…” – lines 91-92 (Although).
B
“Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97- 98 (on the other hand).
C
“If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
D
“…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
E
“… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The authors, in the original publication of this text, used the following paragraph to support one of their arguments. “As the fighting dragged on, many of Syria’s big businessmen fled, moving their assets abroad. Those who remained, mostly the owners of smaller firms, have filled the vacuum. The services they provide vary, but most involve facilitating the flow of goods into regime-held areas. Others have helped the regime skirt sanctions, establishing front companies that import fuel, food and luxury items.”
This paragraph fits in immediately before the paragraph that starts in

A
“Foreign aid further boosted Mr. Manfoush’s profits.” (lines 56-57)
B
“Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63)
C
“Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.” (lines 71-73)
D
“The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81)
E
“Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In terms of pronominal reference,

A
“this” (line 12) refers to “wealth” (line 11).
B
“its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
C
“these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
D
“those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
E
“This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
a91136c3-b0
PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In terms of numerical reference

A
“less than $1” (line 44) refers to amount charged by Mr. Manfoush for one kilo of sugar.
B
“390,000” (line 45) refers to the number of people who had the right to import goods during the war.
C
“$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods.
D
“1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers.
E
“$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Based on the meanings of the words in the article, it can be said that

A
“unremarkable” (line 3) can be replaced by outstanding.
B
“ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas.
C
“bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas.
D
“dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms. 
E
“boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms. 
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression “darkest hour” in the fragment “their country’s darkest hour” (lines 103) makes reference to the

A
enrichment of people like Manfoush.
B
Civil War Syria has been undergoing.
C
siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003
D
increase in the prices of food supplies.
E
economic depression in the country.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Among the economic impacts generated by the war in Syria, the one which is NOT mentioned in the text is the  

A
decrease in financial reserves.
B
devaluation of the Syrian pound.
C
fall of the gross domestic product.
D
appreciation of the national currency.
E
disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
a8fee636-b0
PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence “He is swimming with the sharks” (lines 93- 94) is used to refer to the fact that Mr. Manfoush will be

A
forced to cooperate with the regime for as long as his collaboration is considered useful.
B
paid large sums of money to help rebuild the devastated country and feed the impoverished population.
C
compelled to share his profits with the Syrian businessmen who did not benefit from the wa
D
requested to establish illicit connections with other war millionaires to survive in the new regime.
E
hired by the Syrian government the moment the conflict is over and peace is restored.