Questõesde PUC - RJ 2011 sobre Inglês

So as to become officially accepted as a reliable medical technology in Europe, the Chinese drugs must be first approved by the WHO.

Provided that the WHO and the European countries prove its efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine will not be acknowledged worldwide.

The WHO will only authorize the use of traditional Chinese medicine if, at least, one nation in Europe purchases the right to use these drugs

Only after one of the western nations buys the full production of Chinese drugs will the WHO approve their administration to African patients.

In order to grant the rights for the international use of Chinese traditional medicine, the WHO demands that all European nations test them beforehand.

more capital and technology transfer will boost the African economy

multinational companies do not want to invest in the African continent at all.

funding for joint ventures have not been available from other developing countries.

high investments in banks and services by European countries in the past were unsuccessful.

African companies will share their extensive trade networks and technological expertise with Chinese partners.

China’s traditional export markets are facing economic difficulties.

multinational companies are leaving the African continent for political reasons.

Africa is still a growing economic market with a rising number of potential consumers.

the next few years will witness a very positive economic growth in Africa which translates into good business opportunities.

Chinese experience in technology and project investments will be an asset in developing the African economy.

a very similar perspective on the Sino-African cooperation to the one exposed in Text 1.

the argument conveyed in Text 1 that the Sino-African projects may be financially risky and unviable.

quite a different view on the relevance of Chinese- African economic partnership from that shown in Text 1.

a negative outlook on the future of African economic negotiations with Chinese firms, as opposed to the one revealed in Text 1.

an analogous position to that of Text 1 in stating that Chinese-African cooperation is unwelcome and has too many shortcomings.

denying to be

prepared to act as

refusing to behave as

not yet ready to become

resisting to accept the role of

criticize the hidden motivations that have been attracting China towards fast-growing markets.

express his personal view on Chinese imperialism and condemn China’s foreign policies.

confront the ambassador’s opinion with that of most political analysts and government authorities.

enquire the ambassador about China’s real intentions in Africa and possible consequences for Africa.

blame imperialist countries for Africa’s underdevelopment and poor prospects for the future.

will support all efforts to benefit Africa the most

does not believe China will rule the world at the expense of other nations.

is skeptical about Sino-African commercial agreements.

thinks that the USA still has strong imperialistic international affairs policy.

agrees that the Sino-African cooperation agenda has had very little positive effects so far.

less than 15 percent (line 11) – refers to the share of oil that China consumes.

more than 40 percent (line 12) – refers to the sum of oil coming from Africa and Europe.

about 33 percent (line 13) – refers to the consumption of Chinese-produced oil in the USA.

over 90 percent (line 15) – refers to the total amount of goods that the USA imports from Africa.

about less than 20% (lines 17-18) – refers to the export share from Africa to China.

never intended to raise its share of African exports.

not been interested in importing energy and minerals from Africa.

never benefitted from commerce with Africa on the same level as Europe and the USA have.

always faced a lot more barriers in its commercial deals with the USA than with Africa.

been forced to accept an unfavorable commercial deal with Africa because of the AGOA framework.

not accepted because of its questionable methods and unrecognized efficacy.

the only viable alternative to wipe out malaria from the African continent forever.

the only kind of technology that is not rival to that of American pharmaceutical companies.

a notable case of technology transfer that has been successful in the Sino-African cooperation agreements.

an example of Chinese technology that has not yet gained acceptance in Africa due to barriers imposed by western markets.

“In other words, Chinese firms view Africa similar to the way Western firms previously viewed China.” lines 13-15 (Otherwise)

“Hence, it is not only Chinese businesses that are looking with renewed interest in Africa’s opportunities.” lines 20-22 (Thus)

“Yet Chinese enterprises growing activity in Africa is also creating new opportunities.” lines 31-33 (In so far as)

“Moreover, many Chinese companies are not well-informed about the investment risks in Africa that are not purely business-related.” lines 84-86 (Although)

“Likewise, African firms can benefit from building partnerships with Chinese companies.” lines 120-121 (Alternatively)

Paragraph 2 (lines 16-28) – Compare the Chinese interest in Africa with the apparent lack of world interest in this continent.

Paragraph 3 (lines 29-36) – Contrast the Chinese and African ways of doing business.

Paragraph 5 (lines 55-69) – Report on the enthusiastic view of some managing directors who intend to enter the African market in the near future.

Paragraph 8 (lines 90-99) – point out the favorable aspects that may derive from the partnership of Chinese and African companies.

Paragraph 9 (lines 101-114) – Discuss the unwelcome implications of Chinese firms’ engagement in Africa

implementation of zones of economic production by Chinese companies in many African nations.

African governments’ decisions to create manufacturing hubs to export to Europe and the Americas.

new opportunities for China’s economic growth in the rural areas of the African continent.

Chinese companies’ firm denial to invest in infrastructural developments in Africa.

foreign firms that decide to export manufactured goods into Africa.

falter (line 9) – increase

leverage (line 33) – destroy

stresses (line 68) – reduces

seek (line 77) – attempt

vast (line 106) – limited

“Previously, China was the main beneficiary of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows primarily from Western companies.” (lines 2-5)

“And African firms can benefit from partnering with Chinese firms.” (lines 35-36)

“In short, global firms with a presence in both China and Africa can gain advantages in delivering global economies of scale in their Chinese and African operations by integrating production and value delivery.” (lines 50-54)

“Another Managing Director of a multinational company with strong presence in Africa stresses the importance of utilizing China as the biggest supply source in the world.” (lines 66-69)

“For African businesses, the benefits of partnering with a Chinese firm involve both increased liquidity and more tangible gains.” (lines 90-92)

Chinese companies doing business in Africa face risks that they do not usually perceive, but African companies are taking advantage of Chinese lack of information

There are apparent cultural differences in Chinese and African markets, but this is not an economic problem and does not reflect in business.

The Chinese will face more opportunities to sell their technical innovations while the African firms will reach wider export targets

The Chinese lack sufficient knowledge on investment risks in Africa that are not purely business-related and African companies will not disclose this information

Africa is a relatively new investment market and will benefit from an increase in capital whereas Chinese companies are pessimistic about the success of their actions in an unknown territory.

African businesses are starting to produce goods that carry Chinese labels.

Chinese companies are invading Africa to take advantage of cheap labor fees.

multinational companies are financing operations in Africa to eradicate Chinese competitors.

global businesses are opening up operations in China to avoid the African import taxes.

companies of different nationalities are using their Chinese branches to export to Africa.

making an effort to reach and be comparable to a competitor in two significant business issues

investing their scarce funds to facilitate commerce with multinational companies.

fostering the technological progress of newborn African brands to surpass Western competitors.

getting involved with other well-known and highly developed multinational companies to ruin African firms.

getting updated with the latest trends in business administration and international foreign affairs regulations.

unsuccessful in exploring its own potentialities.

untouched or unnoticed by the sellers in general.

unfavorable to foreign investors aiming at high capital gains.

spared from the adverse effects of the global financial crisis.

protected from the greedy multinational companies by the local government.

define the current economic tendencies of major Asian countries.

explain the devastating implications of a recent shift in international trade

discuss the future of Chinese companies already established in the African territory.

argument that multinational companies should open new job opportunities in China.

comment on the global economic trend as a shift away from the traditional market into other emerging ones.