Questõesde UNIFESP sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “largely due to a ‘social comparison’ phenomenon”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
in spite of.
B
as a result of.
C
apart from.
D
instead of.
E
in order to.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “a ‘social comparison’ phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves”, a parte sublinhada tem função, no texto, de

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
elucidação.
B
avaliação.
C
suposição.
D
opinião.
E
síntese.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the excerpt from the second paragraph “limiting such services might yield health benefits”, the underlined expression may be replaced, without meaning change, by

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
should impair.
B
can damage.
C
must deliver.
D
could produce.
E
will bring.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the second paragraph, the paper published by researchers of the University of Pennsylvania showed that

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
people who interrupt the social-media addiction can feel lonely or anxious, among other symptoms.
B
the self-image people present in social-media does not match reality and generates stress.
C
a reduction of the period of time people use social-media improves their health.
D
a previous study published in 2014 had a misconception related to depression in heavy social-media users.
E
youngsters should be allowed at the most 10 minutes social-media use per day.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the first paragraph and the graphic images, nowadays the most popular social-media platform among American adults is

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
Snapchat.
B
Instagram.
C
Twitter.
D
YouTube.
E
Facebook.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “of these users, more than half”, a expressão sublinhada refere-se

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
a 69% dos estadunidenses adultos.
B
a cerca de 50% dos estadunidenses.
C
aos estadunidenses entre 18 e 24 anos de idade.
D
à metade dos usuários do Facebook.
E
aos estadunidenses que usam Facebook todos os dias.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

It can be inferred from the phrase “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog” that the dark dog is

Examine o quadrinho de Peter Steiner para responder à questão.


(https://condenaststore.com)

A
making an apology
B
giving an order.
C
doing a report.
D
providing a justification.
E
using a quotation.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account” está ilustrado pela curva correspondente ao Instagram

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
no gráfico 2, no ano de 2015, quando empata com o Snapchat.
B
no gráfico 1, no ano de 2012, junto à curva correspondente ao Pinterest.
C
no gráfico 1, no ano de 2018, quando se destaca das demais mídias sociais.
D
no gráfico 2, no ano de 2014, quando a pesquisa do Pew Research Centre começou.
E
no gráfico 1, no ano de 2014, quando há quase um empate com a curva correspondente ao Pinterest e ao Twitter.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the second paragraph, the excessive use of social-media raises questions about

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


America’s social-media addiction is getting worse



(Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


   A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

    Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

A
fake identities.
B
privacy.
C
loss of reality
D
procrastination.
E
mental health.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The cartoon means that

Examine o quadrinho de Peter Steiner para responder à questão.


(https://condenaststore.com)

A
both dogs are trying to imitate the way human beings behave.
B
internet users may communicate without revealing their identity.
C
the dark dog is surprised with what it saw on the internet about humans.
D
people communicate with their pets no matter the media.
E
the spotted dog assures it has never used the internet before.
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UNIFESP 2019 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Examine o cartum de Liana Finck, publicado em sua conta no Instagram em 13.08.2019.




No cartum, a casa pode ser vista como uma metáfora da

A
intimidação.
B
segurança.
C
violência.
D
privacidade.
E
hospitalidade.
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UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do quinto parágrafo “the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions”, o termo em destaque indica

Reducing food waste would mitigate
climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016
   Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
   Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
   Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
   As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
   But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
A
finalidade.
B
exclusão.
C
concordância.
D
acréscimo.
E
contraste.
e52069b4-de
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a parcela de alimentos desperdiçados deverá aumentar no futuro se

Reducing food waste would mitigate
climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016
   Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
   Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
   Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
   As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
   But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
A
a China e a Índia adotarem hábitos alimentares ocidentais.
B
as pessoas de países ricos consumirem ainda mais comida industrializada.
C
os consumidores não levarem em conta opções de alimentos saudáveis.
D
de 30 a 40% desses alimentos não forem consumidos.
E
as pessoas deixarem de comer carne.
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UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.

The corncob on the left

   In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as “food loss”, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of “food waste”, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards.

(www.theguardian.com)

A
wishes to be like the corncob on the right.
B
thinks it is in a better state than the corncob on the right.
C
wants to go back to the fridge.
D
represents “food waste”, according to the concept presented in the previous text.
E
illustrates the concept of “food loss”, according to the previous text.
e5308220-de
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last paragraph, according to Jürgen Kropp,

Reducing food waste would mitigate
climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016
   Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
   Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
   Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
   As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
   But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
A
emission reduction should have a separate program.
B
governments should give more attention to food waste to reduce emissions.
C
climate change has a great impact on development.
D
some inadequate strategies could reduce development instead of climate change.
E
governments are worried about food waste.
e5156440-de
UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.

Na fala da espiga de milho à direita “I spent too much time in there, instead!”, o termo em destaque se refere

A
à pilha de alimentos descartados.
B
aos alimentos desperdiçados pelos consumidores.
C
ao refrigerador.
D
à lata de lixo.
E
ao mercado que vende espigas de milho.
e50ff9c5-de
UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Observe o quadrinho para responder à questão.

Na fala da espiga de milho à esquerda “I couldn’t reach the fridge...”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

A
cannot.
B
won’t.
C
was unable to.
D
shouldn’t.
E
might not.
0961603d-da
UNIFESP 2016, UNIFESP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O trecho final do quarto parágrafo “given that land to expand farming is limited” tem o mesmo sentido de

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

A
since there is no land to be given for farming.
B
because there is a land limitation to expand farming.
C
if farming land will be given to some people.
D
when land is given to certain people to expand farming.
E
while farming expansion restraint lasts.