Questõesde PUC - RJ sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The message contained in the fragment “and the more people read fiction, the easier they find it to empathise with other people” (lines 26-28) is that the reading of fiction

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
makes readers experience feelings of communion and understanding with those who read the same books.
B
makes it easy for readers to identify with the feelings, thoughts and attitudes of fictional characters.
C
 is a good way of sharing experiences with the author, fictional characters and reading communities.
D
is only advantageous when people have time enough to invest in the reading of literature.
E
is highly beneficial for the development of feelings of compassion and affinity among people.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The main purpose of the article is to

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
report on the role of protagonists and antagonists in more than 200 novels.
B
justify why people should read about the major themes of the English 19th century novels.
C
discuss the relevance of stories to the social and emotional development of human beings.
D
reveal that cooperation has been a central theme in popular narratives since the Industrial Revolution.
E
 examine the importance of evil figures in fantasy and horror stories to enhance our sense of philanthropy.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Concerning the vocabulary used in the text, one may affirm that

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
 “assume” (line 2) and confirm are synonyms.
B
“depict” (line 5) and illustrate are antonyms.
C
“overbearing” (line 34) cannot be substituted by arrogant.
D
“dwindled” (line 52) and declined express similar ideas.
E
“trigger” (line 77) and activate express opposite ideas.
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The boldfaced expression introduces an idea of RESULT in

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
“Although we have no firm evidence of storytelling before the advent of writing,” (lines 1-2)
B
“As humans evolved to live in bigger societies, for instance, we needed to learn how to cooperate” (lines 31-32)
C
“Our capacity for storytelling – and the tales we tell – may have therefore also evolved as a way of communicating the right social norms.” (lines 36-38)
D
“while the protagonists appeared to be less individualistic and ambitious” (lines 60-62)
E
“unless we shared some common emotional ground, some deep reservoir of assumptions, with the writer” (line 103-105)
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PUC - RJ 2018 - Inglês - Tempos Verbais | Verb Tenses, Verbos modais | Modal verbs, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses advice is

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

A
“Today, we may not gather around the camp fire, but the average adult is still thought to spend at least 6% of the waking day engrossed in fictional stories on our various screens.” (lines 7-10)
B
“Evolutionary theory can also shed light on the staples of romantic fiction” (lines 63-64)
C
“The ‘dads’ might be the better choice for the long-term security and protection of your children” (lines 66-67)
D
“McEwan argues we should celebrate these evolved tendencies as the very source of fiction’s power to cross the continents and the centuries.” (lines 98-100)
E
“It would not be possible to enjoy literature from a time remote from our own…” (lines 101-102)
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The title of the article – “Dairy Godfathers” – implies that

A
the author highlights the religious aspects which are discussed in the text.
B
Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country.
C
the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion.
D
the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria
E
the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The word in bold can be replaced by the word(s) in parentheses, without change in meaning, in

A
“Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war…” – lines 91-92 (Although).
B
“Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97- 98 (on the other hand).
C
“If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
D
“…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
E
“… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The authors, in the original publication of this text, used the following paragraph to support one of their arguments. “As the fighting dragged on, many of Syria’s big businessmen fled, moving their assets abroad. Those who remained, mostly the owners of smaller firms, have filled the vacuum. The services they provide vary, but most involve facilitating the flow of goods into regime-held areas. Others have helped the regime skirt sanctions, establishing front companies that import fuel, food and luxury items.”
This paragraph fits in immediately before the paragraph that starts in

A
“Foreign aid further boosted Mr. Manfoush’s profits.” (lines 56-57)
B
“Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63)
C
“Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.” (lines 71-73)
D
“The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81)
E
“Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragments “Organisations funding bakeries and local councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.” (lines 57-59)” and “The government has financed its huge deficits by printing money and eating up its foreign reserves.” (lines 85-87), rely on and eat up mean, respectively,

A
count on – put aside
B
depend on – preserve
C
dismiss – devastate
D
request – throw out
E
put trust in – consume wholly
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In terms of pronominal reference,

A
“this” (line 12) refers to “wealth” (line 11).
B
“its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
C
“these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
D
“those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
E
“This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In terms of numerical reference

A
“less than $1” (line 44) refers to amount charged by Mr. Manfoush for one kilo of sugar.
B
“390,000” (line 45) refers to the number of people who had the right to import goods during the war.
C
“$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods.
D
“1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers.
E
“$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Based on the meanings of the words in the article, it can be said that

A
“unremarkable” (line 3) can be replaced by outstanding.
B
“ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas.
C
“bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas.
D
“dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms. 
E
“boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms. 
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression “darkest hour” in the fragment “their country’s darkest hour” (lines 103) makes reference to the

A
enrichment of people like Manfoush.
B
Civil War Syria has been undergoing.
C
siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003
D
increase in the prices of food supplies.
E
economic depression in the country.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The sentence “He is swimming with the sharks” (lines 93- 94) is used to refer to the fact that Mr. Manfoush will be

A
forced to cooperate with the regime for as long as his collaboration is considered useful.
B
paid large sums of money to help rebuild the devastated country and feed the impoverished population.
C
compelled to share his profits with the Syrian businessmen who did not benefit from the wa
D
requested to establish illicit connections with other war millionaires to survive in the new regime.
E
hired by the Syrian government the moment the conflict is over and peace is restored.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Among the economic impacts generated by the war in Syria, the one which is NOT mentioned in the text is the  

A
decrease in financial reserves.
B
devaluation of the Syrian pound.
C
fall of the gross domestic product.
D
appreciation of the national currency.
E
disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The comparison established between Mr. Manfoush and the legendary character Robin Hood in the fragment “People see him as a sort of Robin Hood character” (lines 73-74) is due to the fact that

A
people don’t believe in his existence, as they think Robin Hood was a legend.
B
most international organizations regard Mr Manfoush as a generous person.
C
some people are thankful to him for food supply and protection.
D
Mr Manfoush’s militia is the only force now opposing the rebels in the region.
E
Mr Manfoush takes money from wealthy people and gives it to the needy ones.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to paragraph 7 (lines 63-70), one can state that

A
Mr. Manfoush is currently the wealthiest and most powerful man in the whole Syria.
B
Mr. Manfoush’s wealth has been incorrectly estimated by international organizations.
C
the precise amount of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth is unknown to the international community.
D
Most people are now convinced that Mr. Manfoush is not as rich as they used to think some time ago.
E
Mr. Manfoush is now so rich that his militia and workforce are paid as much as rebel commanders pay their fighters.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The phrase “such competition” (line 51) in the context of the paragraph in which it is inserted refers to the competition between the

A
Damascus residents and the corrupt soldiers.
B
wealthy traders and the official Syrian regime.
C
profits of Mr. Manfoush and those of his patrons in the regime.
D
prices charged by Mr. Manfoush and those charged in Damascus.
E
goods provided by the rebels and those provided by Mr. Manfoush.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to paragraph 6 (lines 56-62), Mr. Manfoush’s profits increased even more because

A
bakeries and local councils were forced to buy cheese from him at very high prices.
B
the prices of his goods started to decrease as never before inside the rebel enclave.
C
his goods became more expensive outside the rebel enclave than they were inside the enclave.
D
he began making currency exchange for international organizations established in the enclave.
E
hard currency became more expensive in Eastern Ghouta.
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PUC - RJ 2017 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Based on the information presented in paragraph 3 (lines 17-24), one can say that all the issues below contributed to Mr. Manfoush’s wealth from 2003 onwards, EXCEPT the

A
tightening of the siege of Eastern Ghouta.
B
decrease of the price of milk inside the enclave.
C
presence of regime forces around Eastern Ghouta.
D
huge consumption of meat and cheese by the rebel forces.
E
isolation of Eastern Ghouta farmers in relation to their customers.