Questõesde PUC - RJ sobre Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, the global carbon budget

A
has been underestimated by climate scientists as well as governments.
B
has not been facing dramatic variations in calculations in the last few years.
C
calls for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the next few decades.
D
defines the amount of carbon dioxide we can release into the atmosphere.
E
informs the exact levels of methane and oxides of nitrogen that can be released into the atmosphere.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, the high use of fossil fuels worldwide has contributed to all the following phenomena EXCEPT the

A
rise in global surface temperatures and sea level.
B
controlled emissions of greenhouse gases.
C
development of world economies.
D
large emission of carbon dioxide.
E
increase of human population.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “… the notional 2°C mark long agreed internationally as being the point of no return for the planet.” (line 13), the expression ‘point of no return’ could be substituted by

A
moment of indecision
B
irreversible moment
C
point of departure
D
inspiring moment
E
point of disagreement
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the excerpt, “they will have to cut fossil fuel combustion at an even faster rate than anybody had predicted.” (line 3), the fragment ‘will have to cut’ indicates

A
obligation
B
uncertainty
C
possibility
D
prohibition
E
permission
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The author’s main purpose in the article is to

A
complain against governments that cannot calculate their carbon budget accurately.
B
alert society in general to the urgent necessity of replacement of all nonrenewable fuels.
C
criticize 195 nations for their catastrophic emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
D
inform governments and society in general about the disastrous implications of global warming to mankind.
E
report on a scientific study that clarifies the concept of carbon budget and its relevance to global warming control.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Considering the title of the article, one can infer that the current estimative on the use of fossil fuels and its relation to global warming is

A
equal to what was thought before.
B
better than what was thought before.
C
worse than what was thought before.
D
not as alarming as what was thought before.
E
twice as optimistic as what was thought before.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the original publication of this text, a paragraph was introduced by the following sentences:


“The fight for liberalism is at its most fraught with immigration. Given that most governments manage who comes to work and live in their country, the EU’s total freedom of movement is an anomaly.”


These sentences would fit in immediately before the paragraph that begins with

A
“Now that history has stormed back with a vengeance, liberalism needs to fight its ground all over again.” (lines 77-79)
B
“Just as important is the need for policies to ensure the diffusion of prosperity.” (lines 87-88)
C
“Just as global trade rules allow countries to counter surges of goods, so there is a case for rules to cope with surges in people.” (lines 100-102)
D
“Liberalism has been challenged before.” (line 112)
E
“When Margaret Thatcher was prime minister, amid the triumph of Soviet collapse, an aide slipped Mr. Fukuyama’s essay on history into her papers.” (lines 119-121)
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, the victory of the Brexit campaign can be attributed to anger since

A
racial abuse was the core issue that motivated the British to abandon the EU.
B
ordinary British citizens feel that they have been paying a high price for democracy.
C
Donald Trump and Marine Le Pen, two traditionally enraged politicians, were central inspirations in this campaign.
D
deep dissatisfaction with a myriad of problems led the British to vote against their permanence in the EU.
E
local politicians have betrayed the British desire for a greater flexibility in immigration laws.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The communicative intention of paragraph 13 (lines 119-124) is to

A
convince liberals that Mr. Fukuyama was right in his analysis.
B
encourage present-day liberals not to give up on their convictions.
C
inform that Mr. Fukuyama’s essay on history was not trustworthy.
D
reveal that Margareth Thatcher was unimpressed by the Soviet collapse.
E
announce that the value of historical analysis should never be underestimated.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “That rekindled an interest in markets.” (line 118), “That” refers to the fact that

A
liberalism has already been confronted.
B
19th century liberals welcomed less interference from the state.
C
1970s liberals concluded that the state had become suffocating and heavy-handed.
D
essential human needs are far more relevant than political and economic freedom.
E
political and economic freedoms are weakened when basic human needs are not fulfilled.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The author claims that “Without their ideas, and their energy, Britain would be much the poorer” (lines 109-111) given to the fact that migrants

A
are welcomed by all members of society.
B
provide a valuable help for economic growth.
C
encourage the market to open more job positions.
D
accept low-paid jobs in care homes and the building trade.
E
force the government to invest in schools, hospitals and housing.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The title of the last section of the text – “Back to the future” – brings in itself a paradox between the words “back” and “future”.


It may be inferred that this paradox refers to the fact that

A
Britain is about to enter a time of prosperity equal to past ones.
B
the great immigration flows of the past will be part of the British future again.
C
Britain’s culture of compensation is to be implemented in a new form of liberalism.
D
liberals lost their hegemony more than once in the past and are about to lose it again.
E
the economic and political models of the past proved to be more effective and should be implemented in the future.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The fragment “Sooner than curb numbers, governments should first invest in schools, hospitals and housing.” (lines 104-106) expresses an idea of

A
strong advice
B
weak permission
C
improbable guess
D
unreal necessity
E
unquestionable truth
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The expression in bold and the item in italics convey equivalent ideas in

A
“As if victory were a licence to spread hatred” (lines 9-10) – Due to the fact that
B
“Unless they believe that the global order works to their benefit” (lines 16-17) – Provided that
C
“While American GDP per person grew by 14% in 2001-15” (lines 68-69) – Given that
D
“But, as Brexit shows, when people feel they do not control their lives or share in the fruits of globalization” (lines 71-73) – Besides
E
“Hence, liberals also need to restore social mobility and ensure that economic growth translates into rising wages.” (lines 91-93) – Thus
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

In terms of pronominal reference,

A
“it” (line 19) refers to “Brexit” (line 17).
B
“their” (line 32) refers to “majority” (line 30).
C
“it” (line 54) refers to “chance” (line 54).
D
“they” (line 72) refers to “people” (line 72).
E
“their” (line 86) refers to “conditions” (line 85).
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The author affirms that “liberalism needs to fight its ground all over again” (lines 78-79).

In order to support this point of view, the author considers

A
fostering discriminatory and bullying acts.
B
promoting attitudes of patience and understanding.
C
cooperating with people like Ms. Le Pen and Mr. Trump.
D
restraining the circulation of goods, ideas, capital and people.
E
planning a revenge against principled and enlightened people.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 7 (lines 49-58), the author blames politicians because they were NOT

A
qualified for promoting progress in all layers of society.
B
concentrated on disseminating the advantages of globalisation.
C
accountable for fraudulent elections and biased media campaigns.
D
responsible for the decadence of all prosperous industrial communities.
E
able to grant the population’s right to discuss themes such as race, greenery and human rights.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragment “…almost no politician has been willing to make the full-throated case for trade liberalisation…” (lines 63-65) the expression “make the full-throated case” means

A
express a point of view loudly or vigorously
B
discuss alternative measures to solve a case.
C
reveal polemic intentions or expectations.
D
put into words some obscure plans.
E
hide a controversial problem.
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the fragments “The move to a flawed European currency … led to stagnation and unemployment and is driving Europe apart.” (lines 35-38) and “When Mr. Trump called for protectionism this week” (lines 60-61), “driving apart” and “called for” mean, respectively

A
polarizing - refused
B
uniting - demanded
C
dividing - requested
D
breaking up - rejected
E
integrating - summoned
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PUC - RJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The fragment “But many factory workers who have lost their jobs have been unable to find a decently paid replacement.” (lines 46-48) is correctly paraphrased in

A
many factory employees have been discharged since they did not consider their payment decent.
B
many factory employees who have been sacked were considered not skilled enough to obtain a proper salary.
C
many factory employees have been fired since employers have been unable to pay them average salaries.
D
many dismissed factory workers have not yet found a position in the job market that pays them a satisfactory salary.
E
many discharged factory workers were replaced by other more decent professionals, with higher salaries.