Questõesde FGV sobre Inglês

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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

As mentioned in the last paragraph, which of the following probably best explains why English juries “used to throw tied-up defendants into a body of water”?


A
It was considered an appropriate punishment for certain crimes.
B
It was an effective way to get defendants to admit their guilt.
C
If a defendant got out of the water, the jury would accept this as an indication of that person’s innocence.
D
The English believed it was the only way to prove innocence or guilt.
E
The strong punitive instinct of the English caused them to seek vengeance instead of justice.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to punishment, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
Because killing a human being disturbs public order and co-operation, it must always be punished severely.
B
Deciding how to punish often depends more on why a person committed an illegal act than on the result of that illegal act.
C
Certain serious crimes must be severely punished without exception, regardless of why those crimes were committed.
D
A sad personal history should not be used as a way to avoid punishment for a serious crime.
E
Punishing premeditated criminal activity severely is the most effective way to deter other premeditated criminal activity.
2e48febe-d8
FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following questions most likely expresses the “simple but eternal problem” mentioned in paragraph 3?


A
How should society deal with a person when his or her illegal act upsets public order and co-operation?
B
How can a legal system be designed to punish criminals in a way that will deter others from practicing illegal acts?
C
Should a society that puts a high value on co-operation tolerate the presence of criminals and psychopaths?
D
Since it is so advantageous to live in a co-operative society, why do some people engage in illegal or anti-social behavior?
E
What criteria should determine whether or not a person is truly responsible for the crime he or she commits?
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
In general, it is easier to discover who committed a crime than to understand why that crime was committed.
B
If laws dealing with punishments are not clear and specific, judges and juries will tend to be too lenient with criminals.
C
In every society, the idea of what constitutes any crime is always evolving.
D
Abstract legal philosophy has nothing to do with the way the law really works.
E
In their essence, criminal law systems share a fundamental purpose.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to Freddie Hall, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
No prisoner on death row in the U.S is older than he is.
B
The U.S. Supreme Court can find no reason not to execute him.
C
Because of his precarious mental condition, he cannot be considered guilty of murdering Karol Hurst and Lonnie Coburn.
D
A certain Florida State rule determining who may or may not be executed no longer applies to him.
E
Because he is retarded and suffered many years of child abuse, he will not be executed for committing the crime of murder.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Freddie Hall’s lawyers most likely believe that


A
Freddie Hall did not commit all of the crimes for which he was sent to prison.
B
the death penalty is a barbaric act and should never be permitted in any situation.
C
before Freddie Hall was sentenced to death, certain aspects of his life did not receive adequate consideration in his trial.
D
since mentally disturbed people cannot control their behavior, it is wrong to punish them.
E
a criminal’s IQ should not be a factor when a judge is deciding on an appropriate punishment.
2e390e20-d8
FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 1, “The facts” in the sentence “The facts have never been in dispute” most likely refers to all of the following except


A
Freddie Hall was the co-participant in a terrible sex crime.
B
Freddie Hall helped to cause the death of a young woman and her unborn child.
C
The car that Freddie Hall and his companion used in a robbery attempt belonged to the murdered woman.
D
Freddie Hall and his companion killed an officer of the law in Florida State.
E
A jury decided that Freddie Hall must be executed as the punishment for his crimes.
2e348cf3-d8
FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to the sabbath, which of the following is not supported by the information in the article?


A
The sabbath occupies an area in which commercial and governmental interests do not predominate.
B
A rich person and a poor person may get equal benefit from the sabbath.
C
The sabbath should be observed collectively, that is, as a community activity.
D
Maintaining a sabbath can help to keep important parts of society healthy.
E
Without a sabbath, liberal democracy is destined to fail.
2e30a70f-d8
FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

At the end of paragraph 6, “This” in the sentence “This was, and remains, a fallacy” most likely refers to the belief that


A
respect for individual initiative and freedom of choice motivated Britain’s deregulation and privatisation of the national Sunday sabbath.
B
the British people would not observe the sabbath unless the law forced them to do so.
C
only Sunday should be the day reserved exclusively for national reflection and human interaction.
D
eliminating the restrictions normally associated with the sabbath would have a positive impact on the lives of all the British people.
E
when given freedom of choice, people never select the most beneficial option.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 5, the article most likely mentions time and space in order to


A
highlight an essential similarity between the sabbath and parks.
B
show how both the sabbath and parks have been misunderstood and neglected in recent years.
C
explain why ideas of wealth, power and morality are not applicable to the sabbath or to parks.
D
emphasize a subtle difference between the purpose of the sabbath and that of parks.
E
illustrate just two of the many ways that people can work together to strengthen the idea of community.
2e295a9e-d8
FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to the author’s conception of the sabbath, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
The sabbath’s only function is to impose limits on people.
B
The refusal to observe limits was the main factor that destroyed the Greek and Roman civilizations.
C
A rigid observation of the sabbath would make environmental regulations dealing with carbon consumption unnecessary.
D
A worldwide sabbath, with restrictions on the use of vehicles, could have an important impact on carbon consumption.
E
Only by understanding the idea of limits can people make sure that environmental devastation will never happen.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

At the end of paragraph 3, the sentence “It’s when we make space for the things that are important but not urgent” most likely refers to which of the following?


A
The fast pace of modern society has made the sabbath more important than ever for our spiritual and physical health.
B
The sabbath encourages us to disregard certain matters that normally would demand our immediate attention.
C
Normally, things we consider urgent are, in reality, almost always unimportant.
D
Without the sabbath to support and protect it, religion would become unimportant in modern society.
E
The more people neglect the sabbath, the more important it becomes.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article,


A
the sabbath was first conceived by slaves who wanted to put limits on how much they had to work.
B
in the ancient world, Jews who owned slaves were forbidden to make them work every day.
C
if the Jewish people had never been slaves, the sabbath would not exist.
D
nowadays, only the orthodox Jewish religion still actively promotes the idea of a collective, institutionalized day of rest.
E
nowadays, the slavery imposed by our modern inventions and communication devices is as severe as the slavery practiced in the ancient world.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to the Greeks and Romans, the author most likely believes which of the following?


A
The Greeks and Romans rejected the idea that a government or religion should designate a day of rest.
B
The Greek and Roman rejection of the Jewish sabbath was an example of their deep-rooted anti-semitism.
C
The Greeks and Romans believed that a Jewish character flaw was the reason for the existence of the weekly sabbath.
D
The Greek and Roman civilizations would have been even more developed if they had adopted many of the principles of Jewish culture.
E
Their rejection of the sabbath was the reason the Greek and Roman civilizations disappeared.
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FGV 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?


A
The sabbath, as we know it today, is inherently connected to the subdivision of months into weeks.
B
It would be more natural to have a monthly day of rest instead of a weekly day of rest.
C
A weekly day of rest is an ancient concept that has no meaning in the modern world.
D
Though unnatural, a seven-day week is the most practical way to divide up a year.
E
In the ancient world, using the appearance of the moon and the sun to structure time made it impossible to establish a sabbath day.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last paragraph, the phrase “…it’s no wonder they were long considered a matter of divine providence” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?

A
There are good reasons to believe that the laws of mathematics rule weather patterns.
B
It’s surprising that some people used to believe that God controlled the various aspects of the weather.
C
It’s understandable that, for a big period of time, many believed the weather’s various elements were subject to the will of some kind of god.
D
It is recognized that, for a big period of time, many believed the weather’s various elements were controlled by a kind of divine mathematical construction.
E
It’s understandable that for many years most people believed that the causes and effects of the weather were beyond the limit of human knowledge.
4caa6b28-d7
FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz

A
warned the scientific community of the chaotic state of most meteorological research methods
B
was the first meteorologist to divulge the fact that unless two initial states are exactly the same, they must evolve differently.
C
was the first meteorologist to use mathematical equations to determine patterns of atmospheric convection.
D
had access only to rudimentary mathematical models and therefore achieved limited success in determining patterns of atmospheric convection.
E
was the first meteorologist to study the nature of various patterns of atmospheric convection.
4ca603f5-d7
FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, the science of weather forecasting

A
is in many ways harder than fundamental physics.
B
will probably never even partially solve its most basic equations.
C
must confront a number of hidden factors that make accurate weather predictions impossible.
D
must deal with a factor that, by its very nature, can act in unpredictable ways after a certain period of time.
E
is working to achieve a reasonable degree of accuracy for predictions dealing with periods of two weeks or more.
4c9cd5ec-d7
FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, during the period from 1987 to the present,

A
Western Europe has been able to make use of longer and more accurate weather forecasts.
B
the science of weather forecasting has been stagnant, unable to make new discoveries or find new solutions to serious problems.
C
popular wisdom has often helped to predict the weather with astonishing accuracy.
D
it has finally been proven that predicting tomorrow’s weather by using observations of today’s weather is a highly inaccurate method.
E
steady progress in the science of weather forecasting has made five-day forecasts prevalent and reliable around the world.
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FGV 2013 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, Michael Fish

A
ruined his reputation as a meteorologist by forecasting a terrible storm that, in the end, did not occur.
B
was famous for committing a number of mistakes when he forecast the weather on British television.
C
was ridiculed for announcing that a hurricane would strike England much later that it actually did.
D
assured his television audience that there was no need to worry because hurricanes never reach England.
E
once issued a television weather forecast that has since been unequalled in terms of inaccuracy.