Questõesde CEDERJ sobre Inglês

InícioTodas as questões
1
1
Foram encontradas 81 questões
fba68d35-e1
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Leia o texto e responda à questão.

Segundo o texto, Proxima Centauri é uma estrela

A new planet in our neighborhood - how likely is life there?

By Don Lincoln, August 24, 2016

 

Scientists working at the European Southern Observatory (ESO), using the La Silla telescope, claim to have discovered the closest exoplanet to Earth. Exoplanet means planets orbiting stars other than the Sun. Most of them are huge planets orbiting very near their star. The newly discovered planet, which orbits Proxima Centauri, a star within the so-called “habitable zone”, has been named Proxima b.

Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf, which is the most common type of star in the galaxy. Red dwarfs are much smaller than our Sun, and are very dim. For instance, in the visible spectrum that we use to see, Proxima Centauri gives off 0.0056% as much light as the Sun.

So what about life? Are there any chances that an alien lizard might bask in Proxima Centauri’s light or try to find shade under an alien tree? Dr. Guillem Anglada-Escudé, co-author of the research from London University, believes that “there is a reasonable expectation that this planet might be able to host life”

But this belief is not consensual as other scientists think the prospect of life is improbable. Although the temperature of the planet is thought to be such that liquid water could exist, it is unlikely that Proxima b is habitable, as the planet is subject to stellar wind pressures of more than 2000 times those experienced by Earth from the solar wind. These winds would likely blow any atmosphere away, leaving the undersurface as the only vaguely habitable location on that planet. You shouldn’t imagine, thus, a lush and verdant world, with lovely blue waters, sandy beaches and green plants.

So, what’s the bottom line? First, the discovery is extremely exciting. The existence of a nearby planet in the habitable zone will perhaps increase the interest in efforts like Project Starshot, which aims to send microprobes (instruments that apply a stable and wellfocused beam of charged particles -electrons or ions- to a sample) to Proxima Centauri. On the other hand, Proxima b is unlikely to be a haven for people trying to escape the ecological issues of Earth, so we should not view this discovery as a way to ignore our own ecosystem.

Adapted from: < http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/24/opinions/nearbyplanet-opinion-lincoln/> Access Oct. 2016.


Glossário:

claim: afirmar; dwarf: anão; dim: opaco; give off: emitir; lizard: lagarto; bask: aquecer-se; belief: crença; wind: vento; undersurface: camada inferior; lush: viçoso; bottom line: aspecto fundamental; aim: visar/ter por objetivo; sample: amostra; haven: refúgio.

A
visivelmente maior que o Sol.
B
localizada fora da “zona habitável”.
C
do tipo mais comum encontrado na galáxia.
D
recém-descoberta pelo observatório ESO.
53790766-36
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O TEXTO 2, como um todo, tem por objetivo primordial mostrar:


A
que casos de transmissão sexual do vírus Zica estão sendo investigados.
B
que o primeiro caso de Zica foi identificado em um macaco em Uganda.
C
que há casos de Zica na América Central.
D
quando e em que parte do mundo casos de Zica foram identificados.
5370c134-36
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to TEXT 2, before the year 2015, no cases of Zika virus were identified


A
in Latin America.
B
in Brazil and Africa.
C
in Latin America and SE Asia.
D
outside Africa, SE Asia and the Pacific Islands.
5374ae3b-36
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

O conector “However”, no segundo parágrafo do TEXTO 1, estabelece uma relação de

TEXT 1

Houston’s Poor Neighborhoods Could Be Prime Zika Real Estate


The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned of the potential for the explosive spread of the Zika virus through the Americas. Margaret Chan, the director of the WHO, advised that the Americas could be hit by 4 million cases of Zika this year. The outbreak of Zika virus now centered in Brazil has been linked to a sudden increase in severe birth defects including microcephaly, babies born with smaller heads and brains. The National Public Radio – USA (NPR) recently reported that other neurological problems, such as babies born blind, may also be linked to Zika. Researchers do not fully understand Zika or have not yet proven causality, but the circumstantial evidence connecting the Zika outbreak to the sudden, large increase in birth defects is very strong.

Reports quoted experts who said that Zika was a low risk to the United States because the U.S. doesn’t have the poverty and high population densities that have caused the explosive spread of Zika in Brazil. However, Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical disease researcher who lives in Texas, has warned that poverty and high population density makes Houston highly vulnerable to a Zika outbreak. He warned that the whole Mexican Gulf coast is already sufferingfrom increasing levels of tropical diseases spread by mosquitoes, in particular dengue fever. Because Zika virus is related to dengue fever and has the same mosquito vector, the expansion of dengue in the Gulf coast region is a good indicator of the potential spread of Zika virus

Adapted from: <http://www.democraticunderground.com/

112796307>

A
oposição entre a pobreza de Houston e a pobreza no Golfo do México.
B
semelhança entre as taxas de pobreza e densidade populacional dos Estados Unidos, de uma forma geral, e a pobreza e a alta densidade populacional de Houston, no Texas.
C
contraste entre as baixas taxas de pobreza e densidade populacional dos Estados Unidos, de uma maneira geral, e a pobreza e a alta densidade populacional de Houston, no Texas.
D
paralelismo entre densidade populacional e doenças tropicais.
536d58cb-36
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In TEXT 1, Margareth Chan has called people´s attention

 TEXT 1

  Houston’s Poor Neighborhoods Could Be Prime Zika Real Estate


The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned of the potential for the explosive spread of the Zika virus through the Americas. Margaret Chan, the director of the WHO, advised that the Americas could be hit by 4 million cases of Zika this year. The outbreak of Zika virus now centered in Brazil has been linked to a sudden increase in severe birth defects including microcephaly, babies born with smaller heads and brains. The National Public Radio – USA (NPR) recently reported that other neurological problems, such as babies born blind, may also be linked to Zika. Researchers do not fully understand Zika or have not yet proven causality, but the circumstantial evidence connecting the Zika outbreak to the sudden, large increase in birth defects is very strong.

Reports quoted experts who said that Zika was a low risk to the United States because the U.S. doesn’t have the poverty and high population densities that have caused the explosive spread of Zika in Brazil. However, Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical disease researcher who lives in Texas, has warned that poverty and high population density makes Houston highly vulnerable to a Zika outbreak. He warned that the whole Mexican Gulf coast is already suffering from increasing levels of tropical diseases spread by mosquitoes, in particular dengue fever. Because Zika virus is related to dengue fever and has the same mosquito vector, the expansion of dengue in the Gulf coast region is a good indicator of the potential spread of Zika virus.

 Adapted from: <http://www.democraticunderground.com/

112796307>

A
to the importance of The World Health Organization.
B
to the imminent spread of the Zika virus in the Americas.
C
to the investigations conducted by the NPR.
D
to babies recently born in Latin America.
536a37bc-36
CEDERJ 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to TEXT 1, several birth defects may be linked to the Zika virus. These include

 TEXT 1

  Houston’s Poor Neighborhoods Could Be Prime Zika Real Estate


The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned of the potential for the explosive spread of the Zika virus through the Americas. Margaret Chan, the director of the WHO, advised that the Americas could be hit by 4 million cases of Zika this year. The outbreak of Zika virus now centered in Brazil has been linked to a sudden increase in severe birth defects including microcephaly, babies born with smaller heads and brains. The National Public Radio – USA (NPR) recently reported that other neurological problems, such as babies born blind, may also be linked to Zika. Researchers do not fully understand Zika or have not yet proven causality, but the circumstantial evidence connecting the Zika outbreak to the sudden, large increase in birth defects is very strong.

Reports quoted experts who said that Zika was a low risk to the United States because the U.S. doesn’t have the poverty and high population densities that have caused the explosive spread of Zika in Brazil. However, Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical disease researcher who lives in Texas, has warned that poverty and high population density makes Houston highly vulnerable to a Zika outbreak. He warned that the whole Mexican Gulf coast is already suffering from increasing levels of tropical diseases spread by mosquitoes, in particular dengue fever. Because Zika virus is related to dengue fever and has the same mosquito vector, the expansion of dengue in the Gulf coast region is a good indicator of the potential spread of Zika virus.

 Adapted from: <http://www.democraticunderground.com/

112796307>

A
severe heart conditions.
B
blindness only.
C
microcephaly only
D
microcephaly and blindness.
746dbd29-b8
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions

    In the second paragraph, in the sentence “we give it to seem wise, when in fact it's nonsense", the conjunction “when" introduces an idea of

Why don’t we take our own advice?
Oliver Burkeman

“Why is it so hard to take your own advice?” the psychology writer Melissa Dahl asked in a New York magazine essay some months ago, and the question’s been bugging me ever since. I have the arrogance to imagine that if you followed some of the suggestions made each week in this column, you might be a little happier or more productive, with a little less relationship drama, a little more inner calm. (From my email inbox, I know this happens at least occasionally.) But were you to infer from this that I follow such advice flawlessly myself, you’d be mistaken. When friends mention their difficulties with partners or bosses, Dahl wrote, she always tells them to talk to the person involved. Just say something! “And probably, this is good advice,” she mused. “I wouldn’t know, as it’s something I rarely do myself.” I can understand. I suspect most of us can. As the old wisecrack has it: “Take my advice – I’m not using it.”
The cynical take on this is that we ignore our own advice because it’s rubbish: we give it to seem wise, when in fact it’s nonsense. (All advice to “try harder” or “snap out of it” or “look on the bright side” fall into this category: if the recipient could do so, he or she already would have, without your so-called help.)
But a more interesting notion is that the advice is often good – yet something prevents us applying it to ourselves. One such obstacle is simply too much information: inside our own heads, we have access to all manner of details, making us believe that this relationship problem, this job dilemma, is special, so the advice doesn’t apply. Dahl cites work by the psychologist Dan Ariely, showing that when a friend gets a serious medical diagnosis, most people would urge them to get a second opinion. But were it to happen to themselves, they’d be more likely not to do so, for fear of offending their doctor. The fear of offence is something you’d think of only in your own case – and it’s totally unhelpful.
But there’s another big reason I don’t follow my own advice: the huge gulf between grasping something intellectually and really feeling it in your bones. For example, it was years ago that I first encountered the insight that anxiety and insecurity aren’t reduced by trying to exert more control over the world; in fact, that usually makes them worse. I know this. But apparently I have to keep learning it, over and over. Its correctness isn’t sufficient for it to get into my brain once and for all; that takes repeated experience. As a result, I continue to “suddenly realise” things I already wrote an entire book about.
If nothing else, this should be a caution against getting too frustrated with that one friend of yours who keeps getting into the same kind of pickle, time and again, deaf to the obviously good advice that everyone keeps offering. You know the type. We’ve all got a friend like that. The scary thought is that, for some of your friends, it’s probably you.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/11/ taking-your-own-advice-oliver-burkeman. Accessed on: 22 out. 2015.

Glossary
advice: conselho; to bug: incomodar; to infer: concluir; flawlessly: perfeitamente; to muse: meditar; wisecrack: espertinho; cynical: cínico, pessimista; rubbish: besteira; to urge: insistir; gulf: distância; exert: exercer; pickle: encrenca
A
opposition.
B
condition.
C
duration.
D
consequence.
7467ed07-b8
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    De acordo com o que autor afirma no quarto parágrafo do texto, a tentativa de controlar o mundo

Why don’t we take our own advice?
Oliver Burkeman

“Why is it so hard to take your own advice?” the psychology writer Melissa Dahl asked in a New York magazine essay some months ago, and the question’s been bugging me ever since. I have the arrogance to imagine that if you followed some of the suggestions made each week in this column, you might be a little happier or more productive, with a little less relationship drama, a little more inner calm. (From my email inbox, I know this happens at least occasionally.) But were you to infer from this that I follow such advice flawlessly myself, you’d be mistaken. When friends mention their difficulties with partners or bosses, Dahl wrote, she always tells them to talk to the person involved. Just say something! “And probably, this is good advice,” she mused. “I wouldn’t know, as it’s something I rarely do myself.” I can understand. I suspect most of us can. As the old wisecrack has it: “Take my advice – I’m not using it.”
The cynical take on this is that we ignore our own advice because it’s rubbish: we give it to seem wise, when in fact it’s nonsense. (All advice to “try harder” or “snap out of it” or “look on the bright side” fall into this category: if the recipient could do so, he or she already would have, without your so-called help.)
But a more interesting notion is that the advice is often good – yet something prevents us applying it to ourselves. One such obstacle is simply too much information: inside our own heads, we have access to all manner of details, making us believe that this relationship problem, this job dilemma, is special, so the advice doesn’t apply. Dahl cites work by the psychologist Dan Ariely, showing that when a friend gets a serious medical diagnosis, most people would urge them to get a second opinion. But were it to happen to themselves, they’d be more likely not to do so, for fear of offending their doctor. The fear of offence is something you’d think of only in your own case – and it’s totally unhelpful.
But there’s another big reason I don’t follow my own advice: the huge gulf between grasping something intellectually and really feeling it in your bones. For example, it was years ago that I first encountered the insight that anxiety and insecurity aren’t reduced by trying to exert more control over the world; in fact, that usually makes them worse. I know this. But apparently I have to keep learning it, over and over. Its correctness isn’t sufficient for it to get into my brain once and for all; that takes repeated experience. As a result, I continue to “suddenly realise” things I already wrote an entire book about.
If nothing else, this should be a caution against getting too frustrated with that one friend of yours who keeps getting into the same kind of pickle, time and again, deaf to the obviously good advice that everyone keeps offering. You know the type. We’ve all got a friend like that. The scary thought is that, for some of your friends, it’s probably you.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/11/ taking-your-own-advice-oliver-burkeman. Accessed on: 22 out. 2015.

Glossary
advice: conselho; to bug: incomodar; to infer: concluir; flawlessly: perfeitamente; to muse: meditar; wisecrack: espertinho; cynical: cínico, pessimista; rubbish: besteira; to urge: insistir; gulf: distância; exert: exercer; pickle: encrenca
A
combate a insegurança e a ansiedade.
B
revela insegurança e ansiedade.
C
intensifica a insegurança e a ansiedade.
D
resulta da insegurança e da ansiedade.
7474f854-b8
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    According to the text, friends who are always in trouble because they do not follow our advice should be treated with

Why don’t we take our own advice?
Oliver Burkeman

“Why is it so hard to take your own advice?” the psychology writer Melissa Dahl asked in a New York magazine essay some months ago, and the question’s been bugging me ever since. I have the arrogance to imagine that if you followed some of the suggestions made each week in this column, you might be a little happier or more productive, with a little less relationship drama, a little more inner calm. (From my email inbox, I know this happens at least occasionally.) But were you to infer from this that I follow such advice flawlessly myself, you’d be mistaken. When friends mention their difficulties with partners or bosses, Dahl wrote, she always tells them to talk to the person involved. Just say something! “And probably, this is good advice,” she mused. “I wouldn’t know, as it’s something I rarely do myself.” I can understand. I suspect most of us can. As the old wisecrack has it: “Take my advice – I’m not using it.”
The cynical take on this is that we ignore our own advice because it’s rubbish: we give it to seem wise, when in fact it’s nonsense. (All advice to “try harder” or “snap out of it” or “look on the bright side” fall into this category: if the recipient could do so, he or she already would have, without your so-called help.)
But a more interesting notion is that the advice is often good – yet something prevents us applying it to ourselves. One such obstacle is simply too much information: inside our own heads, we have access to all manner of details, making us believe that this relationship problem, this job dilemma, is special, so the advice doesn’t apply. Dahl cites work by the psychologist Dan Ariely, showing that when a friend gets a serious medical diagnosis, most people would urge them to get a second opinion. But were it to happen to themselves, they’d be more likely not to do so, for fear of offending their doctor. The fear of offence is something you’d think of only in your own case – and it’s totally unhelpful.
But there’s another big reason I don’t follow my own advice: the huge gulf between grasping something intellectually and really feeling it in your bones. For example, it was years ago that I first encountered the insight that anxiety and insecurity aren’t reduced by trying to exert more control over the world; in fact, that usually makes them worse. I know this. But apparently I have to keep learning it, over and over. Its correctness isn’t sufficient for it to get into my brain once and for all; that takes repeated experience. As a result, I continue to “suddenly realise” things I already wrote an entire book about.
If nothing else, this should be a caution against getting too frustrated with that one friend of yours who keeps getting into the same kind of pickle, time and again, deaf to the obviously good advice that everyone keeps offering. You know the type. We’ve all got a friend like that. The scary thought is that, for some of your friends, it’s probably you.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/11/ taking-your-own-advice-oliver-burkeman. Accessed on: 22 out. 2015.

Glossary
advice: conselho; to bug: incomodar; to infer: concluir; flawlessly: perfeitamente; to muse: meditar; wisecrack: espertinho; cynical: cínico, pessimista; rubbish: besteira; to urge: insistir; gulf: distância; exert: exercer; pickle: encrenca
A
fear.
B
frustration.
C
tolerance.
D
indifference.
745d1469-b8
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Diante da confissão da especialista em psicologia Melissa Dahl de que ela própria raramente segue os seus próprios conselhos, o autor do texto, Oliver Burkeman, reage com

Why don’t we take our own advice?
Oliver Burkeman

“Why is it so hard to take your own advice?” the psychology writer Melissa Dahl asked in a New York magazine essay some months ago, and the question’s been bugging me ever since. I have the arrogance to imagine that if you followed some of the suggestions made each week in this column, you might be a little happier or more productive, with a little less relationship drama, a little more inner calm. (From my email inbox, I know this happens at least occasionally.) But were you to infer from this that I follow such advice flawlessly myself, you’d be mistaken. When friends mention their difficulties with partners or bosses, Dahl wrote, she always tells them to talk to the person involved. Just say something! “And probably, this is good advice,” she mused. “I wouldn’t know, as it’s something I rarely do myself.” I can understand. I suspect most of us can. As the old wisecrack has it: “Take my advice – I’m not using it.”
The cynical take on this is that we ignore our own advice because it’s rubbish: we give it to seem wise, when in fact it’s nonsense. (All advice to “try harder” or “snap out of it” or “look on the bright side” fall into this category: if the recipient could do so, he or she already would have, without your so-called help.)
But a more interesting notion is that the advice is often good – yet something prevents us applying it to ourselves. One such obstacle is simply too much information: inside our own heads, we have access to all manner of details, making us believe that this relationship problem, this job dilemma, is special, so the advice doesn’t apply. Dahl cites work by the psychologist Dan Ariely, showing that when a friend gets a serious medical diagnosis, most people would urge them to get a second opinion. But were it to happen to themselves, they’d be more likely not to do so, for fear of offending their doctor. The fear of offence is something you’d think of only in your own case – and it’s totally unhelpful.
But there’s another big reason I don’t follow my own advice: the huge gulf between grasping something intellectually and really feeling it in your bones. For example, it was years ago that I first encountered the insight that anxiety and insecurity aren’t reduced by trying to exert more control over the world; in fact, that usually makes them worse. I know this. But apparently I have to keep learning it, over and over. Its correctness isn’t sufficient for it to get into my brain once and for all; that takes repeated experience. As a result, I continue to “suddenly realise” things I already wrote an entire book about.
If nothing else, this should be a caution against getting too frustrated with that one friend of yours who keeps getting into the same kind of pickle, time and again, deaf to the obviously good advice that everyone keeps offering. You know the type. We’ve all got a friend like that. The scary thought is that, for some of your friends, it’s probably you.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/11/ taking-your-own-advice-oliver-burkeman. Accessed on: 22 out. 2015.

Glossary
advice: conselho; to bug: incomodar; to infer: concluir; flawlessly: perfeitamente; to muse: meditar; wisecrack: espertinho; cynical: cínico, pessimista; rubbish: besteira; to urge: insistir; gulf: distância; exert: exercer; pickle: encrenca
A
irritação.
B
solidariedade.
C
superioridade.
D
incredulidade.
7463bbe7-b8
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Segundo o autor do texto, no terceiro parágrafo, muitas vezes não seguimos o nosso próprio conselho porque

Why don’t we take our own advice?
Oliver Burkeman

“Why is it so hard to take your own advice?” the psychology writer Melissa Dahl asked in a New York magazine essay some months ago, and the question’s been bugging me ever since. I have the arrogance to imagine that if you followed some of the suggestions made each week in this column, you might be a little happier or more productive, with a little less relationship drama, a little more inner calm. (From my email inbox, I know this happens at least occasionally.) But were you to infer from this that I follow such advice flawlessly myself, you’d be mistaken. When friends mention their difficulties with partners or bosses, Dahl wrote, she always tells them to talk to the person involved. Just say something! “And probably, this is good advice,” she mused. “I wouldn’t know, as it’s something I rarely do myself.” I can understand. I suspect most of us can. As the old wisecrack has it: “Take my advice – I’m not using it.”
The cynical take on this is that we ignore our own advice because it’s rubbish: we give it to seem wise, when in fact it’s nonsense. (All advice to “try harder” or “snap out of it” or “look on the bright side” fall into this category: if the recipient could do so, he or she already would have, without your so-called help.)
But a more interesting notion is that the advice is often good – yet something prevents us applying it to ourselves. One such obstacle is simply too much information: inside our own heads, we have access to all manner of details, making us believe that this relationship problem, this job dilemma, is special, so the advice doesn’t apply. Dahl cites work by the psychologist Dan Ariely, showing that when a friend gets a serious medical diagnosis, most people would urge them to get a second opinion. But were it to happen to themselves, they’d be more likely not to do so, for fear of offending their doctor. The fear of offence is something you’d think of only in your own case – and it’s totally unhelpful.
But there’s another big reason I don’t follow my own advice: the huge gulf between grasping something intellectually and really feeling it in your bones. For example, it was years ago that I first encountered the insight that anxiety and insecurity aren’t reduced by trying to exert more control over the world; in fact, that usually makes them worse. I know this. But apparently I have to keep learning it, over and over. Its correctness isn’t sufficient for it to get into my brain once and for all; that takes repeated experience. As a result, I continue to “suddenly realise” things I already wrote an entire book about.
If nothing else, this should be a caution against getting too frustrated with that one friend of yours who keeps getting into the same kind of pickle, time and again, deaf to the obviously good advice that everyone keeps offering. You know the type. We’ve all got a friend like that. The scary thought is that, for some of your friends, it’s probably you.

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/11/ taking-your-own-advice-oliver-burkeman. Accessed on: 22 out. 2015.

Glossary
advice: conselho; to bug: incomodar; to infer: concluir; flawlessly: perfeitamente; to muse: meditar; wisecrack: espertinho; cynical: cínico, pessimista; rubbish: besteira; to urge: insistir; gulf: distância; exert: exercer; pickle: encrenca
A
tememos nos ferir ao mudar o nosso comportamento.
B
sabemos que na verdade ele é ruim.
C
preferimos seguir a orientação de especialistas.
D
temos informações que dificultam sua aplicação.
e48e8a8e-96
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Palavras conectivas | Connective words, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions

O conector “on the other hand", na quinta linha do último parágrafo, estabelece uma relação de:

What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.

(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; bored: entediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagement: comprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Leia o texto e responda à questão.
A
contraste entre as taxas de doenças cardíacas encontradas nos contextos de “tweets positivos" e “tweets negativos".
B
semelhança entre os tipos de palavras encontradas nos tweets das diversas províncias analisadas.
C
oposição entre as palavras positivas e seus efeitos sociais benéficos nos contextos investigados.
D
paralelismo entre o modelo de pesquisa baseado nos tweets e os modelos demográficos e socioeconômicos.
e47ea782-96
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

What is the relationship between the words used in tweets and the health condition of a county's residents?

What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; bored: entediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagement: comprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
A
Counties where residents' tweets contain words associated with both negative and positive emotions do not have emotion-related deaths.
B
Counties where residents' tweets show a high frequency of words associated with negative emotions have a higher rate of heart-related deaths.
C
Counties where residents' tweets contain words related to positive emotions present other healthrisk factors.
D
Counties where residents' tweets involve traditional demographic and socioeconomic issues have a lower rate of heart-related deaths.
e488c8ae-96
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Pronome subjetivo | Subjective pronoun, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

No terceiro parágrafo, o pronome “they" se refere:

What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.

(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; bored: entediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagement: comprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Leia o texto e responda à questão.
A
aos oitocentos e vinte e seis milhões de tweets analisados.
B
a emoções positivas e negativas.
C
ao psicólogo Johannes Eichstaedt e seus colegas.
D
às mil e quatrocentas províncias estudadas.
e479be03-96
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, studies using the L.I.W.C. program have suggested a “close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior." What statement bellow corroborates this conclusion?

What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; bored: entediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagement: comprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
A
The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings.
B
Some words are only used by young male speakers.
C
The use of words follows a linguistic hierarchy.
D
Expressions such as “I mean" and “You know" are not used consciously.
e474007f-96
CEDERJ 2015 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Why would psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung be qualified to answer the opening question of the first paragraph (“How much can your tweets reveal about you?")?

What Your Tweets Say About You
By Maria Konnikov

 

How much can your tweets reveal about you? A lot! - would be the answer of psychologists James Pennebaker e Cindy Chung, at the University of Texas, who study how language relates to well-being and personality. One of Pennebaker’s most famous projects is a computer program called Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (L.I.W.C.), which looks at the words we use, and in what frequency and context, and uses this information to study our psychological states and various aspects of our personality.
Since the creation of the L.I.W.C., in 1993, studies utilizing the program have suggested a close connection between our language, our state of mind, and our behavior. They have shown, for instance, that a person’s word choices can reveal her place in a social or professional hierarchy; and that the use of different filler words (“I mean”; “You know”) can suggest whether a speaker is male or female, younger or older, and more or less conscientious. “The words we use in natural language reflect our thoughts and feelings in often unpredictable ways,” Pennebaker and Cindy Chung have written.
The psychologist Johannes Eichstaedt and his colleagues analyzed eight hundred and twenty-six million tweets across fourteen hundred American counties(1). Then, using lists of words that can be reliably associated with positive and negative emotions, they gave each county an emotional profile. Finally, they asked a simple question: Could those profiles help determine which counties were likely to have more deaths from heart disease?
The answer was yes. Counties where residents’ tweets included words related to hostility, aggression, hate, and, fatigue — words such as “jealous,” and “bored”— had significantly higher rates of heart-related deaths. On the other hand, where people’s tweets reflected more positive emotions and engagement, heart disease was less common. The tweet-based model even had more predictive power than other models based on traditional demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors.
(1) Um condado (county/counties) ou província é um aglomerado de cidades, não tão grande quanto um estado.

From: http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/can-tweets-predict-heart-disease

GLOSSARY: conscientious: consciencioso/cuidadoso; reliably: seguramente; profile: perfil; heart disease: doença do coração; hate: ódio; jealous: com ciúmes; bored: entediado; higher rates: taxas mais altas; engagement: comprometimento; predictive: previsível.

Read the text and answer question.
A
Because psychologists at the University of Texas use tweets to express their feelings.
B
Because they have developed the computer program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count.
C
Because they have investigated how tweets can affect computer programs.
D
Because they study the relationship between the words we use and our psychological states of mind.
c7115864-96
CEDERJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Marque o enunciado que se refere, no texto, ao que seria a razão principal por trás do vício em redes sociais.

Are social networking sites addictive?

1With the increasing popularity of wireless devices like smartphones — devices that can move lots of data very quickly — users have access to their social networks 24 hours a day. Most social networking sites have developed applications for your mobile phone, so logging on is always convenient. Social networks also tap into our human desire to stay connected with others. Besides, the rush of nostalgia as you connect with your former grade-school classmate on Facebook can be quite heady and exciting.

2But what's the main reason we find these sites so addictive? Plain old narcissism. We broadcast our personalities online whenever we publish a thought, photo, YouTube video or answer one of those “25 Things About Me" memes. We put that information out there so people will respond and connect to us. And being part of a social network is sort of like having your own entourage that follows you everywhere, commenting on and applauding everything you do. It's very seductive.

3In 2008, researchers at the University of Georgia studied the correlation between narcissism and Facebook users. Unsurprisingly, they found that the more “friends" and wall posts a user had, the more narcissistic he or she was. They noted that narcissistic people use Facebook in a selfpromoting way, rather than in a connective way. It may be an obvious theory, but it also suggests that social networks bring out the narcissist in all of us.

4Social networks are also a voyeuristic experience for many users. Following exchanges on Twitter or posts on Facebook and MySpace are akin to eavesdropping on someone else's conversation. It's entertaining and allows you to feel like a “fly on the wall" in someone else's life.

5Social networking sites also publicly list your “friends" or “followers" — giving you instant status. How many people do you know online who spend all their time trying to get more friends, more followers, more testimonials? We work hard in real life to elevate our statuses, make friends and search out boosters for our self-esteem. Online social networking provides this to us, and we don't even have to change out of our sweatshirts to get it.

(adapted from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/socialnetworking/information/social-networking-sites-addictive2.htm)

Glossary

addictive: viciante; tap into: explorar/tirar proveito; broadcast: anunciar; entourage: comitiva/séquito; akin to eavesdropping: parecido com bisbilhotar; booster: aquilo que impulsiona; sweatshirts: camisetas
A
“Most social networking sites have developed applications for your mobile phone, so logging on is always convenient." (parágrafo 1)
B
“The rush of nostalgia as you connect with your former grade-school classmate on Facebook can be quite exciting." (parágrafo 1)
C
“And being part of a social network is like having your own entourage that follows you everywhere, commenting on and applauding everything you do." (parágrafo 2)
D
“We work hard in real life to elevate our statuses, make friends and search out boosters for our selfesteem." (parágrafo 5)
c704e4ce-96
CEDERJ 2014 - Inglês - Pronome subjetivo | Subjective pronoun, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Pronomes | Pronouns

The pronoun 'they' in “They noted that narcissistic people use Facebook in a self-promoting way, rather than in a connective way"(paragraph 3) refers to

Are social networking sites addictive?

1With the increasing popularity of wireless devices like smartphones — devices that can move lots of data very quickly — users have access to their social networks 24 hours a day. Most social networking sites have developed applications for your mobile phone, so logging on is always convenient. Social networks also tap into our human desire to stay connected with others. Besides, the rush of nostalgia as you connect with your former grade-school classmate on Facebook can be quite heady and exciting.

2But what's the main reason we find these sites so addictive? Plain old narcissism. We broadcast our personalities online whenever we publish a thought, photo, YouTube video or answer one of those “25 Things About Me" memes. We put that information out there so people will respond and connect to us. And being part of a social network is sort of like having your own entourage that follows you everywhere, commenting on and applauding everything you do. It's very seductive.

3In 2008, researchers at the University of Georgia studied the correlation between narcissism and Facebook users. Unsurprisingly, they found that the more “friends" and wall posts a user had, the more narcissistic he or she was. They noted that narcissistic people use Facebook in a selfpromoting way, rather than in a connective way. It may be an obvious theory, but it also suggests that social networks bring out the narcissist in all of us.

4Social networks are also a voyeuristic experience for many users. Following exchanges on Twitter or posts on Facebook and MySpace are akin to eavesdropping on someone else's conversation. It's entertaining and allows you to feel like a “fly on the wall" in someone else's life.

5Social networking sites also publicly list your “friends" or “followers" — giving you instant status. How many people do you know online who spend all their time trying to get more friends, more followers, more testimonials? We work hard in real life to elevate our statuses, make friends and search out boosters for our self-esteem. Online social networking provides this to us, and we don't even have to change out of our sweatshirts to get it.

(adapted from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/socialnetworking/information/social-networking-sites-addictive2.htm)

Glossary

addictive: viciante; tap into: explorar/tirar proveito; broadcast: anunciar; entourage: comitiva/séquito; akin to eavesdropping: parecido com bisbilhotar; booster: aquilo que impulsiona; sweatshirts: camisetas
A
social networks.
B
Facebook users.
C
narcissistic people.
D
researchers at the University of Georgia.
c6ff921f-96
CEDERJ 2014 - Inglês - Grau dos adjetivos | Adjective degrees, Adjetivos | Adjectives, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the text, the difference between real life and online social networking is:

Are social networking sites addictive?

1With the increasing popularity of wireless devices like smartphones — devices that can move lots of data very quickly — users have access to their social networks 24 hours a day. Most social networking sites have developed applications for your mobile phone, so logging on is always convenient. Social networks also tap into our human desire to stay connected with others. Besides, the rush of nostalgia as you connect with your former grade-school classmate on Facebook can be quite heady and exciting.

2But what's the main reason we find these sites so addictive? Plain old narcissism. We broadcast our personalities online whenever we publish a thought, photo, YouTube video or answer one of those “25 Things About Me" memes. We put that information out there so people will respond and connect to us. And being part of a social network is sort of like having your own entourage that follows you everywhere, commenting on and applauding everything you do. It's very seductive.

3In 2008, researchers at the University of Georgia studied the correlation between narcissism and Facebook users. Unsurprisingly, they found that the more “friends" and wall posts a user had, the more narcissistic he or she was. They noted that narcissistic people use Facebook in a selfpromoting way, rather than in a connective way. It may be an obvious theory, but it also suggests that social networks bring out the narcissist in all of us.

4Social networks are also a voyeuristic experience for many users. Following exchanges on Twitter or posts on Facebook and MySpace are akin to eavesdropping on someone else's conversation. It's entertaining and allows you to feel like a “fly on the wall" in someone else's life.

5Social networking sites also publicly list your “friends" or “followers" — giving you instant status. How many people do you know online who spend all their time trying to get more friends, more followers, more testimonials? We work hard in real life to elevate our statuses, make friends and search out boosters for our self-esteem. Online social networking provides this to us, and we don't even have to change out of our sweatshirts to get it.

(adapted from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/socialnetworking/information/social-networking-sites-addictive2.htm)

Glossary

addictive: viciante; tap into: explorar/tirar proveito; broadcast: anunciar; entourage: comitiva/séquito; akin to eavesdropping: parecido com bisbilhotar; booster: aquilo que impulsiona; sweatshirts: camisetas
A
It is much harder to elevate our statuses in real life than in social networks.
B
It is easier to boost our self-esteem in real life than in social networks.
C
It is more difficult to make friends in social networks than in real life.
D
It is equally difficult to boost our self-esteem in real life as it is in social networks.
c70c41f8-96
CEDERJ 2014 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No quarto parágrafo, o autor usa a metáfora “fly on the wall" (uma mosca na parede) para ilustrar um comportamento que ele associa ao uso excessivo de redes sociais. Que comportamento seria esse?

Are social networking sites addictive?

1With the increasing popularity of wireless devices like smartphones — devices that can move lots of data very quickly — users have access to their social networks 24 hours a day. Most social networking sites have developed applications for your mobile phone, so logging on is always convenient. Social networks also tap into our human desire to stay connected with others. Besides, the rush of nostalgia as you connect with your former grade-school classmate on Facebook can be quite heady and exciting.

2But what's the main reason we find these sites so addictive? Plain old narcissism. We broadcast our personalities online whenever we publish a thought, photo, YouTube video or answer one of those “25 Things About Me" memes. We put that information out there so people will respond and connect to us. And being part of a social network is sort of like having your own entourage that follows you everywhere, commenting on and applauding everything you do. It's very seductive.

3In 2008, researchers at the University of Georgia studied the correlation between narcissism and Facebook users. Unsurprisingly, they found that the more “friends" and wall posts a user had, the more narcissistic he or she was. They noted that narcissistic people use Facebook in a selfpromoting way, rather than in a connective way. It may be an obvious theory, but it also suggests that social networks bring out the narcissist in all of us.

4Social networks are also a voyeuristic experience for many users. Following exchanges on Twitter or posts on Facebook and MySpace are akin to eavesdropping on someone else's conversation. It's entertaining and allows you to feel like a “fly on the wall" in someone else's life.

5Social networking sites also publicly list your “friends" or “followers" — giving you instant status. How many people do you know online who spend all their time trying to get more friends, more followers, more testimonials? We work hard in real life to elevate our statuses, make friends and search out boosters for our self-esteem. Online social networking provides this to us, and we don't even have to change out of our sweatshirts to get it.

(adapted from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/socialnetworking/information/social-networking-sites-addictive2.htm)

Glossary

addictive: viciante; tap into: explorar/tirar proveito; broadcast: anunciar; entourage: comitiva/séquito; akin to eavesdropping: parecido com bisbilhotar; booster: aquilo que impulsiona; sweatshirts: camisetas
A
Sociabilidade.
B
Narcisismo.
C
Voyeurismo.
D
Sedução.