Questõesde FGV 2012

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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - História - História Geral, Movimentos de Reforma Religiosa: protestantes e católicos

A Reforma, a despeito de sua hostilidade à magia, estimulara o espírito de profecia. A abolição dos intermediários entre o homem e a divindade, bem como a ênfase na consciência individual, deixavam Deus falar diretamente a seus eleitos. Era obrigação destes tornar conhecida a Sua mensagem. E Deus não fazia acepção de pessoas: preferia falar a John Knox do que à sua rainha, Maria Stuart da Escócia. O próprio Knox agradeceu a Deus ter-lhe dado o dom de profetizar, que assim estabelecia que ele era um homem de boa-fé.

Na Inglaterra, as décadas revolucionárias deram ampla difusão ao que praticamente constituía uma profissão nova - a do profeta, quer na qualidade de intérprete dos astros, ou dos mitos populares tradicionais, ou, ainda, da Bíblia.

HILL, Christopher, O mundo de ponta-cabeça. Ideias radicais durante a Revolução Inglesa de 1640. Trad. Renato Janine Ribeiro. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1987, p. 103.


O texto se refere ao ambiente político e religioso da Inglaterra no século XVII. A esse respeito é CORRETO afirmar:

A
A insatisfação popular na Inglaterra era decorrente da perspectiva protestante de manter os sacerdotes como intermediários entre Deus e os homens.
B
Os revolucionários basearam-se em princípios estritamente racionais e científicos, em uma nítida ruptura com as crenças e o profetismo da época.
C
Apesar de todas as disputas religiosas dos séculos XVI e XVII, os monarcas ingleses mantiveram-se neutros, o que permitiu a preservação da monarquia.
D
Para os revolucionários ingleses, Deus considerava apenas os parlamentares como pessoas aptas a transmitir a doutrina e indicar os caminhos da salvação.
E
A movimentação revolucionária esteve vinculada aos conflitos religiosos decorrentes da chamada Reforma Protestante iniciada no século XVI.
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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last paragraph, "they" in the phrase "...but they will take time to feed into the economy" most likely refers to

A
recently elected Spanish politicians.
B
difficult but necessary changes in Spanish regulations.
C
Spain's emblematic companies.
D
Spain's traditionally rigid employment laws.
E
the investment money now available to Spanish companies.
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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following is mentioned in the article as a way to help Spain's economy?

A
The European Central Bank should provide more money to support Spain's banking system.
B
Spanish companies with fewer than 250 employees should be subject to an exclusive set of employment laws.
C
Spain should spend less money on foreign products.
D
Spanish companies should make significant cuts in their number of employees.
E
Spain should set up more businesses based on the American model.
8b28da5b-f3
FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely a positive aspect of Spain's economy?

A
Exporters have maintained their expenses at a reasonable level and so are still able to compete with other companies.
B
Spanish workers still earn, on average, more than workers do in other European countries.
C
More than 250 big Spanish companies have managed to achieve greater productivity than have similar companies in Germany, Italy, and France.
D
Because they invested heavily in modernization and worker training in the pre-crisis years, Spanish companies have been able to maintain high levels of profitability.
E
By drastically reducing their number of employees, Spanish exporters have been able to maintain high levels of profitability.
8b2bafe4-f3
FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 3, the phrase "That puts it in a league with Germany..." most likely refers to which of the following?

A
Spain and Germany both export products to Asia.
B
The economies of Asia, Spain, and Germany are all based strongly on exports.
C
Spain's performance in the area of exports is similar to Germany's performance.
D
Spain's economy is now more dependent on exports than is Germany's economy.
E
By providing an ample market for Spanish products, Germany is helping to keep Spain's export industry robust.
8b2f0d9c-f3
FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, which of the following is one of Spain's serious problems?

A
Exports have fallen sharply and now represent only 30 percent of Spain's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
B
The European financial crisis has devastated Spain's export-based companies.
C
Many Spanish multinational companies have moved their production facilities overseas.
D
Consumers in Spain have drastically reduced spending.
E
Spanish companies that concentrate on the domestic market are highly inefficient.
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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

According to the information in the article, during the economic crisis

A
the Inditex clothing group has grown by concentrating on Spain's domestic market.
B
the Mercadona supermarket chain has increased its sales to foreign markets by 8 percent.
C
the economy of Spain has declined more than have the economies of Greece and Portugal.
D
some Spanish companies have actually benefited from the relative economic weakness of Greece and Portugal.
E
the current account deficits of Greece and Portugal have decreased more slowly than has the current account deficit of Spain.
8b26035b-f3
FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A
It will take decades for Spain to find a way out of its current economic crisis.
B
Various poorly planned European efforts to rescue Spain's economy have only made the situation worse.
C
Spain's economic problems are in fact much less serious than those in the other European countries.
D
Despite the problems that Spain is facing, some factors indicate that there is hope for the country's economic future.
E
The pessimism surrounding Spain's economic situation is based on a certain prejudice rather than on a clear understanding of the factors involved.
8b2258ef-f3
FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

With respect to birds and radiation, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

A
For birds, exposure to a radiation level of even 0.05 microsieverts per hour is lethal.
B
Exposure to the same level of radiation can affect birds of the same species in different ways.
C
A rural area with a temperate climate is the ideal place to study how birds respond to the negative effects of high levels of radiation.
D
The composition of radio-nuclides is not a factor that determines whether or not a certain level of radiation can be dangerous to birds.
E
It is clear that certain species of birds in the Fukushima and Chernobyl regions have died out because of evolutionary factors and not because of exposure to radiation.
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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In the last paragraph, "this" in the sentence "The reasons for this are not clear" most likely refers to which of the following phenomena?

A
Though the Fukushima and Chernobyl regions received a similar amount of radiation, relatively more birds disappeared from the Fukushima region than disappeared from the Chernobyl region.
B
Sterility was more prevalent in Fukushima birds than in Chernobyl birds, even though both groups of birds were exposed to similar levels of radiation.
C
Though Fukushima and Chernobyl are situated in identical environments, birds in the Fukushima region are generally smaller and less healthy than are similar birds in the Chernobyl region.
D
Timothy Mousseau and his colleagues discovered that, in many cases, a region's environment protects animals against high levels of radiation.
E
Though the same types of birds were exposed to similar levels of radiation in the Fukushima and Chernobyl regions, the Fukushima birds in general remained healthier than the Chernobyl birds.
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FGV 2012, FGV 2012 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

In paragraph 4, the phrase "This makes sense..." most likely refers specifically to which of the following?

A
An increase in levels of radiation is apparently accompanied by a decrease in the number of birds.
B
Equal levels of radiation around Fukushima and Chernobyl were accompanied, at each site, by the disappearance of an equal number of birds.
C
Research shows that a radiation level of 35 microsieverts per hour is three times more deadly than a level of 0.5 microsieverts per hour.
D
The researchers discovered that no level of radiation can be considered completely safe.
E
Various bird species living near Fukushima and Chernobyl were unaffected by high levels of radiation.