Questõesde FAMERP

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FAMERP 2015 - Biologia - Evolução biológica, Origem e evolução da vida

Milhares de indivíduos de certa espécie de mosquito reproduziam-se somente em água limpa. Depois de algumas gerações, foram encontrados indivíduos dessa mesma espécie sobrevivendo e se reproduzindo em água poluída. Foi constatado que esses indivíduos apresentavam algumas vantagens adaptativas que lhes permitiam a reprodução nesse ambiente poluído, diferentemente do que ocorria com aqueles que só se reproduziam em água limpa. O cruzamento entre esses diferentes mosquitos sempre gerava descendentes férteis. O fato descrito exemplifica um caso de

A
deriva gênica.
B
convergência adaptativa.
C
isolamento reprodutivo.
D
especiação.
E
seleção natural.
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FAMERP 2015 - Biologia - Vertebrados, Identidade dos seres vivos

O cladograma apresenta uma hipótese simplificada sobre as prováveis relações evolutivas entre anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos. Os números indicam possíveis características adaptativas que surgiram durante a evolução desses grupos de animais.



Os números 1, 2 e 3 correspondem, respectivamente, a

A
membros locomotores, embrião envolto por âmnio e pelos.
B
glândulas sudoríparas, pálpebras e esqueleto apendicular.
C
pulmões alveolares, coração tricavitário e embrião ligado ao alantoide.
D
mandíbula, glândulas sebáceas e esqueleto axial.
E
rins, bexiga natatória e medula espinhal.
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FAMERP 2015 - Biologia - Problemas ambientais e medidas de conservação, Ecologia e ciências ambientais

A poluição de propriedades de criação de patos, perto da Baía de Moriches, adiciona nitrogênio e fósforo às águas costeiras de Long Island, Nova Iorque. Para investigar qual nutriente favorece o crescimento do fitoplâncton (Nannochloris atomus) nessa área, pesquisadores cultivaram essa espécie com água coletada de diversos locais (identificados no gráfico pelas letras de A a G). Eles adicionaram amônia ou fosfato às culturas. O gráfico expressa os resultados obtidos após o cultivo com essas substâncias em comparação a um meio não enriquecido (controle).


(Jane Reece et al. Biologia de Campbell, 2015. Adaptado.)

De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é correto afirmar que a eutrofização tem maior chance de ocorrer nos locais

A
D, E, F e G, favorecida pelo elemento fósforo.
B
A, B e C, favorecida pelo elemento nitrogênio.
C
D, E, F e G, favorecida pelo elemento nitrogênio.
D
A, B e C, favorecida pelo elemento fósforo.
E
A, F e G, favorecida pelo elemento fósforo.
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FAMERP 2015 - Biologia - Sistema Nervoso Humano, Identidade dos seres vivos

É correto afirmar que a divisão parassimpática do sistema nervoso autônomo está relacionada

A
com o gasto de energia durante as situações de “luta ou fuga”
B
com o aumento da frequência cardíaca e a dilatação da pupila.
C
com as respostas involuntárias por meio da ação da noradrenalina.
D
com a conservação e a restauração de energia corpórea.
E
com o sistema nervoso central e comanda respostas voluntárias.
d80be1fa-d8
FAMERP 2015 - Biologia - Platelmintos e Nematódeos, Identidade dos seres vivos

O resultado do exame de fezes de um garoto indicou que ele tinha ascaridíase, doença causada pelo parasita Ascaris lumbricoides. Esse parasita é um

A
protozoário ciliado.
B
animal de corpo achatado
C
protozoário flagelado.
D
animal de corpo cilíndrico.
E
animal de corpo segmentado.
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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Polígonos, Geometria Plana, Ângulos - Lei Angular de Thales

A figura indica a medida de alguns dos ângulos internos de um quadrilátero ABCD e de um triângulo ADE, sendo que AE é paralelo a CD.



Nessa situação, a medida do ângulo CDA, indicada por z, é igual a

A
25º.
B
20º.
C
30º.
D
10º.
E
15º.
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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Áreas e Perímetros, Geometria Plana

Uma reta r divide um retângulo ABCD em dois trapézios, de tal forma que a área do trapézio ADPQ é a quarta parte da área desse retângulo.



Sabendo que DP = 1,4 cm e AQ = 3,2 cm, é correto afirmar que AB, em centímetros, é igual a

A
9,2.
B
9,0.
C
9,6.
D
8,5.
E
9,8.
d7fe866f-d8
FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Análise Combinatória em Matemática

Artur e Roberto pretendem iniciar um curso de inglês. Antes da escolha de uma escola de línguas, eles listaram 10 escolas diferentes, sendo que cada uma será visitada por apenas um deles e, em seguida, os dois pretendem trocar suas impressões pessoais sobre as respectivas escolas visitadas. Um deles ficará responsável por visitar 6 das escolas, e o outro pelas demais 4 escolas, podendo qualquer um visitar 6 ou 4 escolas. O total de maneiras diferentes que Artur e Roberto podem se organizar para cumprir o planejamento de visitas às 10 escolas é igual a

A
1024.
B
210.
C
840.
D
2048.
E
420.
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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Função Logarítmica, Funções

A imagem indica o gráfico das funções 1 e 2, ambas definidas para x real e maior do que zero.


De acordo com o gráfico, as funções 1 e 2 podem ser, respectivamente,

A

B

C

D

E

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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Matrizes, Álgebra Linear

Uma fábrica de móveis vende mesas de madeira em dois tamanhos (médio e grande), e de quatro tipos diferentes de madeira (mogno, pinus, cedro e grápia). As matrizes a seguir indicam preços unitários de venda (em reais) de cada modelo de mesa nessa fábrica nos meses de julho (matriz X) e agosto (matriz Y) de 2014.



No mês de setembro desse mesmo ano, a fábrica entrou em liquidação e deu desconto de 5% sobre o preço de agosto de todos os modelos de mesa. Admitindo-se que um lojista tenha comprado uma mesa de cada modelo nos meses de julho e agosto, e duas mesas de cada modelo no mês de setembro, uma matriz que representa o total de gastos desse lojista nesses três meses, por modelo de mesa adquirida da fábrica, pode ser obtida por meio da operação matricial

A

B

C

D

E

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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Pirâmides, Geometria Espacial

A figura representa uma pirâmide com base quadrada ABCD de lado x, e altura AE de medida 3x/4.



Se o volume dessa pirâmide é igual a 54 cm³ , x é igual a

A
7 cm.
B
6 cm.
C

D

E

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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Relações Trigonométricas no Triângulo Retângulo, Leis dos Senos e Cossenos., Geometria Plana

No caminho de ida de sua casa (C) para a escola (E), Laura passa pela farmácia (F), pela padaria (P), e depois segue para a escola, como indica a figura 1.



Na volta da escola para casa, Laura passa pelo mercado (M), pela padaria (P), e depois segue para casa (C), como indica a figura 2.



Os caminhos de ida e de volta são formados por segmentos de retas, sendo que a farmácia, a padaria e o mercado estão em uma mesma avenida reta e plana. Considerando CF = FP = 4 km, PE = 2 km, √2 = 1,4 e ,√3 = 1,7, o caminho de Laura de casa à escola na ida superou o de volta em

A
1,7 km.
B
2,3 km.
C
1,2 km.
D
2,0 km.
E
0,9 km.
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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Raciocínio Lógico, Polígonos, Geometria Plana

Observe as três primeiras linhas de um padrão, que continua nas linhas subsequentes.



Na 30a linha desse padrão, o maior número da soma em vermelho, indicada dentro do retângulo, será igual a

A
929.
B
930.
C
959.
D
1029.
E
960.
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FAMERP 2015 - Matemática - Álgebra, Equação do 2º Grau e Problemas do 2º Grau

A figura representa o desenho da arcada dentária de um animal, feito no plano cartesiano ortogonal em escala linear.



Sabendo que as posições dos centros dos dentes destacados em cinza nessa arcada são modeladas nesse plano por meio da função quadrática y = ax² + b, então a + b é igual a

A
8,5.
B
9,2.
C
9,5.
D
10,2.
E
9,0.
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FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

can be exemplified by actually feeling the side effects of medication or placebo.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
can be exemplified by actually feeling the side effects of medication or placebo.
B
usually triggers headache as a side effect of either an inactive or active ingredient.
C
is unlikely to happen with people susceptible to suggestion
D
does not happen with placebo because it is an inactive treatment.
E
is based on frustrated expectation of relief.
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FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Tradução | Translation

No trecho do quinto parágrafo “The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword.”, a expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
dimensão duplicada.
B
faca de dois gumes.
C
ideia equivocada.
D
interrupção de um processo.
E
fio da navalha.
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FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension, Tradução | Translation

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion.”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
Apesar disso.
B
Em vez disso.
C
Além disso.
D
Ao mesmo tempo.
E
Por causa disso.
ea64626a-d7
FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the ‘holy grail’ of placebo research.”, a expressão em destaque tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
dúvida.
B
descoberta.
C
controle.
D
objetivo.
E
crença.
ea576506-d7
FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

De acordo com as informações do terceiro e quarto parágrafos,

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
as pessoas que não respondem ao placebo também não melhoram com os medicamentos ativos.
B
foram observadas melhoras nos resultados de exames de sangue de alguns participantes da pesquisa.
C
o poder de sugestão presente nos participantes da pesquisa foi a força motriz para a ineficácia dos medicamentos convencionais.
D
as alterações fisiológicas promovidas por placebos nos pacientes são temporárias, apesar de mensuráveis.
E
um tratamento eficaz deve aliar os medicamentos convencionais ao placebo pois ambos conduzem à melhora.
ea5b0d55-d7
FAMERP 2016 - Inglês - Vocabulário | Vocabulary, Sinônimos | Synonyms, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all.”, a expressão em destaque pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The placebo effect: amazing and real

November 2, 2015
Robert H. Shmerling



    The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is.
    The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.

The placebo effect is for real

    Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo.
    Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.

Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin

     The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

(www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
A
Although.
B
Therefore.
C
Otherwise.
D
Meanwhile.
E
However.