De acordo com o texto, os especialistas
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Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
B) Conforme diz o texto: ninguém sabe. (What pathogen would cause it is anybody's guess) Que patógeno causaria isso, é uma incógnita).
C) No segundo parágrafo lemos que, por causa da mutação do vírus da gripe, as vacinas devem ser feitas todos os anos. (A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must be custom- made every year). Um dos pioneiros em pandemias globais é o vírus da influenza sazonal, que sofre tanta mutação que uma vacina deve ser feita a cada ano.
E) Nas linhas 3-4 lemos que especialistas preveem que o vírus pode estar escondido nos pássaros ou mamíferos ou que ainda não tenha eclodido, mas não que eles estão criando patógenos mutantes .(Chances are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or one that has not yet hatched).
