De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo,
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Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
B) Na primeira linha já podemos inferir que a alternativa está incorreta, uma vez que lemos que epidemias têm atormentado a humanidade desde o início da vida. Por isso o uso do Present Perfect (que indica uma ação que teve início no passado e continua até o presente) (Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of settled life) Epidemias têm atormentado a humanidade desde o início da vida. C) Nas linhas 4-5 verificamos que as mutações podem, ao contrário, potencializar sua letalidade. (Thankfully, bugs that excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations – ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink) Felizmente, os vírus que se destacam no primeiro tendem a ser fracos no outro. Mas mutações - negócios comuns para germes - podem mudar isso em um piscar de olhos).
