Mark the incorrect alternative.
Text 3
What is a Computer?
Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost
everybody has idea about what a computer is.
We depend on computers in every aspect of our
lives whether we know how to use one or not.
But does everyone really know how a computer
works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which
processes data and provides the results of the
processing as information. There are three basic
steps in the computing process. The first one is
input, which consists of feeding data into the
computer’s memory. Then comes the
processing: the program is run and the
computer processes the data by performing a
set of instructions. The third and final step is the
output furnished by the computer, which allows
the user to see the results either in printed form
or on the screen.
The world of computers has created a
specific language of its own. English words such
as software and hardware are used worldwide
and have been borrowed by many different
languages. Software is information in the form
of data and programs, and hardware refers to
the electronic and mechanical parts that make
up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers
in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to
believe that everybody in the world is computerliterate, i.e., is familiar with computers and
knows how to use them properly. In some
contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and
even in the so-called developed countries, there
are lots of people who do not know or do not
care about what a computer is.
Inglês.com.textos para informática, p. 25, 2001
Text 3
What is a Computer?
Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has idea about what a computer is. We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we know how to use one or not. But does everyone really know how a computer works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the results of the processing as information. There are three basic steps in the computing process. The first one is input, which consists of feeding data into the computer’s memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and the computer processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third and final step is the output furnished by the computer, which allows the user to see the results either in printed form or on the screen.
The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English words such as software and hardware are used worldwide and have been borrowed by many different languages. Software is information in the form of data and programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to believe that everybody in the world is computerliterate, i.e., is familiar with computers and knows how to use them properly. In some contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know or do not care about what a computer is.
Inglês.com.textos para informática, p. 25, 2001
Gabarito comentado
Alternativa correta: D
Tema central: compreensão de um texto expositivo curto sobre o que é um computador — identificação de informação explícita e detecção de contradição entre enunciado e alternativas.
Resumo teórico e base do texto: o texto explica que um computador é uma máquina eletrônica que processa dados e produz informação, descrevendo três etapas básicas: input (entrada), processing (processamento) e output (saída). Também diferencia software (dados e programas) e hardware (partes físicas), e afirma que nem toda a população é computer-literate — mesmo em países desenvolvidos há pessoas sem conhecimento ou interesse.
Fontes relevantes: definição comum em dicionários (ex.: Cambridge Dictionary: “a machine for storing and processing information”) e o próprio texto-base citado na prova (Inglês.com — textos para informática).
Justificativa da alternativa correta (D): A alternativa D afirma que “In developed countries, everybody knows what a computer is.” Isso contradiz explicitamente o texto, que diz que “even in the so‑called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know or do not care about what a computer is.” Logo, D é a alternativa incorreta e, portanto, a resposta certa para a pergunta “Mark the incorrect alternative”.
Análise das outras alternativas:
A — “It is a mistake to believe that everybody nowadays knows how to use a computer.” Corresponde ao trecho do texto que alerta para o erro de supor que todos são alfabetizados em informática. Está correta (ou seja, não é a alternativa incorreta pedida).
B — “The computer process involves three basic steps.” Está de acordo com a enumeração: input, processing, output. Está correta.
C — “The world of computers has created its own language.” O texto afirma que o mundo dos computadores criou uma linguagem específica e que termos em inglês são usados mundialmente. Está correta.
E — “The computer processes data and provides the results as information.” É a definição essencial do texto (“processes data and provides the results … as information”). Está correta.
Estratégias para provas (prática):
- Procure no texto palavras-chave e frases explícitas que confirmem ou neguem cada alternativa.
- Cuidado com termos absolutos como everybody — textos frequentemente contradizem generalizações.
- Faça a leitura dinâmica: localize parágrafos que tratam diretamente do tópico da alternativa.
- Se uma alternativa contradiz uma afirmação literal do texto, ela é a incorreta (quando pedido assim).
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