Conforming with TEXT 2, it is correct to affirm that:
Read TEXT 2 below and answer question
TEXT 2
A daily half hour's exercise could prevent 1 in 12 early deaths, study shows
People who exercise five days a week for 30 minutes significantly reduce their risk of dying early and of developing heart
disease, even if a sports club or gym is not an option, according to a new international study.
Tracking 130,000 people in 17 countries, both rich and poor, the study found that whether it’s going to the gym, walking
to work, or tackling household chores like laundry or gardening, being physically active extends life and reduces illness. The
researchers, led by Scott Lear, a heart specialist at St Paul’s Hospital in Canada, also found a so-called dose response: The
more people exercise, the greater the reductions are in their risks of getting heart disease or dying early. The study found “no
ceiling effect”, the researchers said, and “no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity,” defined as more
than 2,500 minutes, or more than 41 hours, per week.
Cardiovascular disease is the world’s leading cause of death and a major economic burden in treatment and care for
those who develop it. It killed 9.48 million people globally in 2016.
“Walking for as little as 30 minutes most days of the week has a substantial benefit, and higher physical activity is
associated with even lower risks,” Lear said in a comment about the findings, published on Friday in The Lancet medical journal.
He also noted that some measures to prevent or treat heart disease, such as taking medicines or eating more fruit and
vegetables, can be unaffordable for the world’s poorest people. Yet walking is free and brings substantial health gains.
The World Health Organization recommends that adults aged 18 to 64 do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity
aerobic physical activity throughout each week, as well as muscle strengthening exercises at least two days a week. But experts
estimate almost a quarter of the world’s people do not reach these guideline levels.
Lear’s team said their study findings suggest that if the entire population were to meet the guidelines, one in 12 of the
world’s premature deaths would be averted and 4.6 percent of heart disease cases prevented.
KELLAND, Kate. Disponível em:<http://www.reuters.com/article/us-puretech-health-gelesis-study/puretechs-gelesis-says-obesity-drug-achieved-weight-loss-in-study-idUSKCN1C00PD> . Acesso em 25/09/2017. Texto Adaptado.
Read TEXT 2 below and answer question
TEXT 2
Tracking 130,000 people in 17 countries, both rich and poor, the study found that whether it’s going to the gym, walking to work, or tackling household chores like laundry or gardening, being physically active extends life and reduces illness. The researchers, led by Scott Lear, a heart specialist at St Paul’s Hospital in Canada, also found a so-called dose response: The more people exercise, the greater the reductions are in their risks of getting heart disease or dying early. The study found “no ceiling effect”, the researchers said, and “no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity,” defined as more than 2,500 minutes, or more than 41 hours, per week.
Cardiovascular disease is the world’s leading cause of death and a major economic burden in treatment and care for those who develop it. It killed 9.48 million people globally in 2016.
“Walking for as little as 30 minutes most days of the week has a substantial benefit, and higher physical activity is associated with even lower risks,” Lear said in a comment about the findings, published on Friday in The Lancet medical journal. He also noted that some measures to prevent or treat heart disease, such as taking medicines or eating more fruit and vegetables, can be unaffordable for the world’s poorest people. Yet walking is free and brings substantial health gains.
The World Health Organization recommends that adults aged 18 to 64 do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout each week, as well as muscle strengthening exercises at least two days a week. But experts estimate almost a quarter of the world’s people do not reach these guideline levels.
Lear’s team said their study findings suggest that if the entire population were to meet the guidelines, one in 12 of the world’s premature deaths would be averted and 4.6 percent of heart disease cases prevented.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central: A questão exige interpretação de texto (reading comprehension) para identificar informações explícitas e implícitas em um artigo científico sobre atividades físicas e saúde.
Conceitos essenciais envolvidos: Para responder, o candidato deve dominar estratégias como skimming (captar o assunto global do texto) e scanning (buscar dados específicos), além de reconhecer cognatas e inferir pelo contexto.
Justificativa da alternativa correta (B): A alternativa B diz que "doenças cardíacas são responsáveis pela maioria das mortes no mundo e também representam uma significativa carga financeira". Isso se apoia no trecho do texto: "Cardiovascular disease is the world’s leading cause of death and a major economic burden in treatment and care for those who develop it." Esses dados confirmam ambas as ideias da alternativa. Usar scanning facilita encontrar números e expressões como “leading cause of death” (= principal causa de morte) e “major economic burden” (= grande ônus financeiro).
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) Incorreta porque o texto afirma "no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity" (não há riscos mesmo para atividades físicas intensas), contradizendo a afirmação de que existe risco comprovado.
C) Errada pois o texto destaca justamente que caminhar é gratuito e acessível mesmo para os mais pobres, ao contrário do que sugere a alternativa.
D) Incorreta porque ela exagera o percentual: o texto menciona que 4,6% dos casos de doenças cardíacas seriam evitados e não 25%.
E) Errada, pois a pesquisa confirma (não refuta) a relação entre exercício e menores taxas de morte precoce.
Dicas de interpretação e pegadinhas:
Fique atento a expressões numéricas e palavras como “not”, “no” (negação), além de diferenças entre causa e consequência. Generalizações (“sempre”, “nunca”, “todos”) ou alterações de valores numéricos são pegadinhas comuns.
Para questões baseadas em textos científicos, busque sempre trechos que sustentem literalmente a alternativa correta. Em dúvidas, releia o parágrafo-chave.
Gabarito: B
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