According to the text, it is correct to say:
TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO.
Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the
Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire
By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET
An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been
uncovered in the Baltic Sea.
Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's
almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime
archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a
statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which
uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime
Administration back in 2009.
But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the
Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton
in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck
using underwater robots.
The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th
to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely
intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is
complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast,
the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport
the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on
the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports.
Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The
Independent reported.
"This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher
Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a
remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at
the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic
Sea, he added.
(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)
TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO.
Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire
By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET
An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.
Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.
But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.
The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.
"This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.
(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: A
Tema central: interpretação de texto com foco em inferência e reconhecimento de grau de certeza. A questão exige identificar a afirmação que está em acordo com informações explícitas e com o tom (certeza/possibilidade) do texto.
Resumo teórico rápido: em leitura, preste atenção em palavras-chave que indicam tempo (ex.: centuries, 500 years), agentes das ações (quem fez o quê) e marcadores de certeza (likely, probably, might = possibilidade; definitely, certainly = certeza). Esses marcadores determinam se uma alternativa exagera ou respeita o original. Para modal verbs e nuances, consulte Cambridge Dictionary — “modal verbs” (https://dictionary.cambridge.org).
Justificativa da alternativa A: O texto afirma que o navio "likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago" e menciona "after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea". Logo, dizer que "The ship has been at the bottom of the Baltic Sea for probably about 500 years" respeita tanto o conteúdo (500 anos) quanto o nível de certeza (probably ≈ likely). Portanto A está de acordo com o enunciado.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
B — Incorreta. O texto diz que o navio foi first discovered using sonar by the Swedish Maritime Administration (sonar = sound waves). Mais tarde, Pacheco‑Ruiz e equipe usaram underwater robots para o survey. A alternativa mistura agentes e método: não foram "Swedish underwater robots" que detectaram o navio com ondas sonoras.
C — Incorreta. O enunciado usa "likely dates" e "survey revealed that the ship likely dates..." — isto é, há hipótese/plausibilidade, não certeza absoluta. A alternativa afirma definitely, que é mais forte do que o texto permite.
D — Incorreta. O texto menciona swivel guns e que dois estavam apontados, mas não afirma que o navio afundou por ter sido atingido ou "sank because it was under fire". Essa é uma inferência não sustentada pelo texto.
Dicas de estratégia para provas:
- Procure marcadores de certeza/possibilidade (likely, probably, may) e compare com as palavras das alternativas (definitely, certainly).
- Identifique agentes e sequência temporal para não confundir quem fez o quê (discover vs survey).
- Evite inferências além do texto; se a causa não está explícita, não escolha alternativa que a afirme com certeza.
Fonte principal do texto: LiveScience (adaptado) — para estudo adicional, revise materiais sobre modal verbs em gramáticas como Cambridge e dicionários confiáveis.
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