Read the text and choose the alternative that completes the sentences with the CORRECT passive voice.

                                       Britain’s Roman Villas

Numerous monuments recall the 400 or so years when Britain was part of the Roman Empire. Ancient city walls, old roads, front defenses. But it is at the villas that one feels closest to the everyday life of Roman Britain.

The villas were homes. In their kitchens bread 1 _________ (to bake). Along their corridors echoed family conversations. They 2 _________ well _________ (to build) and handsomely 3 _________.

The first villa 4 _________ (to build) around A.D. 80-90. It was a small farm. Later on, the house 5 _________ (to extend), kitchens and baths 6 _________ (to add).

It 7 _________ (to know) that many villas 8 _________ (to destroy) by fire. Their ruins remain hidden for years and it is often by accident that the site 9 _________ (to discover).

So in Hampshire a number of oyster-shells ¹⁰_________ (to find) by a farmer, and the shells, remnants of a long-ago feast, led to the discovery of the villa at Rockbourne.

Disponível em: <http://englishstandarts.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/passive-voice-texts-proverbs-and.html> . Acesso em: julho de 2015. 

Resposta correta: Alternativa D

Tema central: voz passiva — forma usada quando o foco é a ação ou o paciente (quem sofre a ação), não o agente. Para formar a passiva: be (no tempo adequado) + past participle do verbo. (Fonte: Michael Swan, Practical English Usage; Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar.)

Resumo teórico rápido: - Estrutura: sujeito + be (am/is/are/was/were/been/being) + past participle. - Concordância: o verbo "be" concorda com o sujeito em número e tempo. - Escolha do tempo: baseie-se no contexto (descrição histórica → passado; fato geral → presente).

Justificativa da alternativa D (palavras que completam os espaços):
1) was baked — descrição do passado: “bread was baked”.
2) were built — “They” (villas, plural) → past passive: were built.
3) decorated — participante passivo (complemento paralelo): “were built … and handsomely decorated.”
4) was built — primeira construção: passado simples passivo.
5) was extended — house (singular) → was extended.
6) were added — kitchens and baths (plural) → were added.
7) is known — fato geral aceito: “It is known that…”.
8) were destroyed — eventos no passado: were destroyed by fire.
9) is discovered — “it is often by accident that the site is discovered” (fato habitual/verdade geral no presente).
10) were found — ação pontual no passado: oyster-shells were found.

Análise das alternativas incorretas (erros mais comuns):
A — mistura de tempos e formas erradas (“is baked” em contexto narrativo de passado; “was build” errado: verbo irregular → built).
B — erros de forma (“were build” em vez de were built; “is know” incorreto para contexto; “were finded” forma inexistente — past participle de find é found).
C — vários erros ortográficos/gramaticais (knowed, destroied, finded) e formas verbais inadequadas.
E — erros ortográficos (“were aded”) e tempos/vozes incoerentes (“is discover ed” uso presente onde se espera passado em alguns trechos; “is know” incorreto no contexto indicado).

Estratégias para provas:
- Identifique se o enunciado descreve fatos passados ou verdades gerais para escolher between past/passive presente.
- Verifique o sujeito (singular/plural) para conjugar o verbo be corretamente.
- Memorize past participles irregulares (build→built, find→found, know→known).
- Cuidado com falsos amigos/erros de ortografia: finded, knowed, build (vs built).

Fonte rápida recomendada: Michael Swan, Practical English Usage; Betty Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar.

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