Com referência ao texto, pode-se concluir que a única opção correta relacionada ao tema é:
Water Availability and Access
Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining
enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change,
competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce
biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are
overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important
ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural
water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample,
but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a
situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance
decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water
allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to
large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide
incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure
access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development.
The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and
environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary
scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.
Source: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/research_impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_1/index.aspx
Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change, competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample, but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development. The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.
Gabarito comentado
Alternativa correta: D
Tema central: concorrência pelo uso da água entre diferentes setores (agrícola, industrial, urbano, ambiental e biocombustíveis) e as formas de gerir escassez (física e econômica). Para resolver a questão, é preciso identificar afirmações que estão explicitamente apoiadas no texto e eliminar as que apresentam inferências não sustentadas.
Resumo teórico: O texto distingue escassez física (recursos insuficientes devido a sobrealocação e queda de níveis) e escassez econômica (água disponível, mas sem meios de acesso). Menciona drivers: mudança climática, competição entre usos (indústria, urbano, meio ambiente) e produção de biocombustíveis. Refere também estratégias adaptativas: alocação, armazenamento e políticas de incentivo. (Fonte: IWMI; ver também FAO e UN-Water sobre gestão de recursos hídricos.)
Por que D está correta: O enunciado cita explicitamente "competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels" — ou seja, há disputa entre setores industriais, urbanos, ambientais e o setor de biocombustíveis. A alternativa D reproduz essa ideia de competição entre esses atores, portanto está de acordo com o texto.
Análise das incorretas:
A — Afirma consenso entre industriais e urbanos. O texto fala em competição, não em acordo; logo, A não é suportada.
B — Afirma conflito sobre pagamento de preços entre urbanos e industriais. O texto não menciona tarifas ou discordância sobre valores, apenas concorrência pelo recurso; afirmação não comprovada.
C — Culpa indústrias como principais responsáveis pela falta de água urbana. O texto aponta a agricultura como grande motor do problema e apresenta múltiplos fatores; C é uma generalização incorreta.
E — Trata de acordo de grandes agricultores sobre preços condicionais. Não há no texto referência a negociações de preços ou condições desse tipo; informação acrescentada sem suporte.
Dicas de interpretação: identifique palavras-chave no enunciado (ex.: competition, biofuels), busque correspondência literal ou parafraseada no texto e descarte alternativas que tragam detalhes não mencionados. Prefira sempre o que está explicitamente sustentado pelo texto.
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