Questão daaf7cc8-76
Prova:UNIVESP 2018
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – all work or service which is
exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and
for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily –
o termo em destaque se refere a
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – all work or service which is
exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and
for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily –
o termo em destaque se refere a
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined? Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.” Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world? Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
A
slavery-like practices.
B
criminalisation and abolishment.
C
work or service.
D
any person.
E
the menace of any penalty.
Gabarito comentado
Áida Setton ZylberglejdProfessora de Inglês e Tradutora. Certificado de Proficiência pela Cambridge University. Tutora na Polytechnic of Central London.
A questão cobra interpretação de um texto sobre a escravidão contemporânea.
Vejamos o trecho mencionado no enunciado da questão:
The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily". As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
Tradução-
A Convenção de 1930 sobre Trabalho Forçado define trabalho forçado como “todo trabalho ou serviço exigido de qualquer pessoa sob a ameaça de qualquer pena e para o qual essa pessoa não se ofereceu voluntariamente". À medida que os sistemas contemporâneos de escravidão evoluíram, novas definições, incluindo tráfico e distinção entre escravidão e trabalho infantil, foram desenvolvidas.
O pronome "which" está funcionando na frase como pronome relativo e significa "o qual".
Se analisarmos a sentença, podemos verificar que "o qual" se refere a "todo trabalho ou serviço".
(todo trabalho ou serviço... para o qual essa pessoa não se ofereceu voluntariamente).
Analisando as alternativas teremos:
A) Incorreto - slavery-like practices. = práticas análogas à escravidão.
B) Incorreto - criminalisation and abolishment. = criminalização e abolição.
C) Correto - work or service. = trabalho ou serviço.
D) Incorreto - any person. = qualquer pessoa.
E) Incorreto - the menace of any penalty. = a ameaça de qualquer penalidade.
Gabarito do Professor: Alternativa C
Vejamos o trecho mencionado no enunciado da questão:
The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily". As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
Tradução-
A Convenção de 1930 sobre Trabalho Forçado define trabalho forçado como “todo trabalho ou serviço exigido de qualquer pessoa sob a ameaça de qualquer pena e para o qual essa pessoa não se ofereceu voluntariamente". À medida que os sistemas contemporâneos de escravidão evoluíram, novas definições, incluindo tráfico e distinção entre escravidão e trabalho infantil, foram desenvolvidas.
O pronome "which" está funcionando na frase como pronome relativo e significa "o qual".
Se analisarmos a sentença, podemos verificar que "o qual" se refere a "todo trabalho ou serviço".
(todo trabalho ou serviço... para o qual essa pessoa não se ofereceu voluntariamente).
Analisando as alternativas teremos:
A) Incorreto - slavery-like practices. = práticas análogas à escravidão.
B) Incorreto - criminalisation and abolishment. = criminalização e abolição.
C) Correto - work or service. = trabalho ou serviço.
D) Incorreto - any person. = qualquer pessoa.
E) Incorreto - the menace of any penalty. = a ameaça de qualquer penalidade.
Gabarito do Professor: Alternativa C
